_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: Please call Person1 (this is the company running the testing) and speak with their customer service regarding this, they will the answers you need.\\n Current sentence: Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT:\",\n \"answer\": \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipProvider\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"signoff\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Thanx!\\\"}]}\"\n}"},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thanx!\"}]}"},"arguments":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"gen_args_0\": {\n \"arg_0\": \"<|im_start|>user\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: I have asked our pharmacy to expedite delivery to you so you can start the 75 mg dose.\\n Current sentence: Take care, Person2\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipProvider\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"signoff\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Take care\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: None\\n Current sentence: Hi, just picked up my prescription and the pharmacist talk to me and told me about side effects of blood clotting should I still take my baby aspirin I was diagnosed with anti-phospholipid cardio Lapin years ago that why I take the baby aspirin.\\n Next sentence: Is that a concern for this medication, also considering there may be side effects is it OK if I start the medication on MM/DD/YYYY as I need to work this weekend?\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"salutation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hi\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Drugs\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"just picked up my prescription\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"carecoordination\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"the pharmacist talk to me and told me about side effects of blood clotting\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"SharedDecisionPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SeekingApproval\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"should I still take my baby aspirin\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Drugs\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"that why I take the baby aspirin\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: Please call Person1 (this is the company running the testing) and speak with their customer service regarding this, they will the answers you need.\\n Current sentence: Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\\n<|im_start|>assistant\\n<think>\\n\",\n \"arg_1\": {\n \"until\": [\n \"JSON_END\"\n ],\n \"do_sample\": false,\n \"temperature\": 0,\n \"max_gen_toks\": 1024\n }\n }\n}"},"resps":{"kind":"list like","value":[["Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\" with the previous sentence being a request to call someone and the next sentence being none. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence tells the patient to contact a company for answers. The current sentence is a thank you followed by a phone number. Since the next sentence is none, this is the closing sentence.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The \"Thanx\" part is an expression of gratitude. Checking the codes, PartnershipProvider has a subcode called Appreciation/Gratitude. Since the provider is thanking the patient, this fits under PartnershipProvider's Appreciation/Gratitude subcode. The span here is \"Thanx\".\n\nThe phone number \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\" might be part of providing contact information. But looking at the codes, InfoGive's subcode could be Generalinformation since it's administrative info. However, the provider is giving their contact number, so maybe it's part of maintaining communication? Wait, the code for providing contact details might fall under Generalinformation under InfoGive. Alternatively, if it's part of care coordination, but the phone number itself is general info. \n\nWait, the phone number is likely part of the contact details, so under InfoGive's Generalinformation subcode. The span here is \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\".\n\nBut I should check if there's another code. The \"Thanx\" is clearly Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider. The phone number could be part of providing contact info, which is general information. So two pairs here: one for the thanks and one for the phone number.\n\nWait, but the provider is sending their number. Maybe that's part of maintaining communication? The subcode \"maintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider? Let me check the definitions. \n\nLooking at PartnershipProvider's subcodes: maintainCommunication involves keeping the patient informed and engaged, like saying more details will be provided. The phone number might be part of providing contact for future communication, so maybe that's maintainCommunication. But the exact subcode for giving a phone number isn't explicitly listed. The Generalinformation subcode under InfoGive includes administrative info, so the phone number fits there. \n\nSo the two pairs would be:\n\n1. PartnershipProvider - Appreciation/Gratitude - \"Thanx\"\n2. InfoGive - Generalinformation - \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\"\n\nWait, but the phone number is part of the current sentence. The provider is giving their contact info, so that's providing information, hence InfoGive. The subcode Generalinformation is appropriate here. \n\nAlternatively, could the phone number be part of carecoordination? The subcode carecoordination under InfoGive is about organizing services. Maybe not exactly. Generalinformation is better. \n\nSo the final answer should have those two entries.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thanx\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}]}"]],"string":"[\n [\n \"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \\\"Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\\\" with the previous sentence being a request to call someone and the next sentence being none. \\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence tells the patient to contact a company for answers. The current sentence is a thank you followed by a phone number. Since the next sentence is none, this is the closing sentence.\\n\\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The \\\"Thanx\\\" part is an expression of gratitude. Checking the codes, PartnershipProvider has a subcode called Appreciation/Gratitude. Since the provider is thanking the patient, this fits under PartnershipProvider's Appreciation/Gratitude subcode. The span here is \\\"Thanx\\\".\\n\\nThe phone number \\\"XXX-XXX-XXXX\\\" might be part of providing contact information. But looking at the codes, InfoGive's subcode could be Generalinformation since it's administrative info. However, the provider is giving their contact number, so maybe it's part of maintaining communication? Wait, the code for providing contact details might fall under Generalinformation under InfoGive. Alternatively, if it's part of care coordination, but the phone number itself is general info. \\n\\nWait, the phone number is likely part of the contact details, so under InfoGive's Generalinformation subcode. The span here is \\\"XXX-XXX-XXXX\\\".\\n\\nBut I should check if there's another code. The \\\"Thanx\\\" is clearly Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider. The phone number could be part of providing contact info, which is general information. So two pairs here: one for the thanks and one for the phone number.\\n\\nWait, but the provider is sending their number. Maybe that's part of maintaining communication? The subcode \\\"maintainCommunication\\\" under PartnershipProvider? Let me check the definitions. \\n\\nLooking at PartnershipProvider's subcodes: maintainCommunication involves keeping the patient informed and engaged, like saying more details will be provided. The phone number might be part of providing contact for future communication, so maybe that's maintainCommunication. But the exact subcode for giving a phone number isn't explicitly listed. The Generalinformation subcode under InfoGive includes administrative info, so the phone number fits there. \\n\\nSo the two pairs would be:\\n\\n1. PartnershipProvider - Appreciation/Gratitude - \\\"Thanx\\\"\\n2. InfoGive - Generalinformation - \\\"XXX-XXX-XXXX\\\"\\n\\nWait, but the phone number is part of the current sentence. The provider is giving their contact info, so that's providing information, hence InfoGive. The subcode Generalinformation is appropriate here. \\n\\nAlternatively, could the phone number be part of carecoordination? The subcode carecoordination under InfoGive is about organizing services. Maybe not exactly. Generalinformation is better. \\n\\nSo the final answer should have those two entries.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipProvider\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Appreciation/Gratitude\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Thanx\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Generalinformation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"XXX-XXX-XXXX\\\"}]}\"\n ]\n]"},"filtered_resps":{"kind":"list like","value":["Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\" with the previous sentence being a request to call someone and the next sentence being none. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence tells the patient to contact a company for answers. The current sentence is a thank you followed by a phone number. Since the next sentence is none, this is the closing sentence.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The \"Thanx\" part is an expression of gratitude. Checking the codes, PartnershipProvider has a subcode called Appreciation/Gratitude. Since the provider is thanking the patient, this fits under PartnershipProvider's Appreciation/Gratitude subcode. The span here is \"Thanx\".\n\nThe phone number \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\" might be part of providing contact information. But looking at the codes, InfoGive's subcode could be Generalinformation since it's administrative info. However, the provider is giving their contact number, so maybe it's part of maintaining communication? Wait, the code for providing contact details might fall under Generalinformation under InfoGive. Alternatively, if it's part of care coordination, but the phone number itself is general info. \n\nWait, the phone number is likely part of the contact details, so under InfoGive's Generalinformation subcode. The span here is \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\".\n\nBut I should check if there's another code. The \"Thanx\" is clearly Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider. The phone number could be part of providing contact info, which is general information. So two pairs here: one for the thanks and one for the phone number.\n\nWait, but the provider is sending their number. Maybe that's part of maintaining communication? The subcode \"maintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider? Let me check the definitions. \n\nLooking at PartnershipProvider's subcodes: maintainCommunication involves keeping the patient informed and engaged, like saying more details will be provided. The phone number might be part of providing contact for future communication, so maybe that's maintainCommunication. But the exact subcode for giving a phone number isn't explicitly listed. The Generalinformation subcode under InfoGive includes administrative info, so the phone number fits there. \n\nSo the two pairs would be:\n\n1. PartnershipProvider - Appreciation/Gratitude - \"Thanx\"\n2. InfoGive - Generalinformation - \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\"\n\nWait, but the phone number is part of the current sentence. The provider is giving their contact info, so that's providing information, hence InfoGive. The subcode Generalinformation is appropriate here. \n\nAlternatively, could the phone number be part of carecoordination? The subcode carecoordination under InfoGive is about organizing services. Maybe not exactly. Generalinformation is better. \n\nSo the final answer should have those two entries.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thanx\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \\\"Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\\\" with the previous sentence being a request to call someone and the next sentence being none. \\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence tells the patient to contact a company for answers. The current sentence is a thank you followed by a phone number. Since the next sentence is none, this is the closing sentence.\\n\\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The \\\"Thanx\\\" part is an expression of gratitude. Checking the codes, PartnershipProvider has a subcode called Appreciation/Gratitude. Since the provider is thanking the patient, this fits under PartnershipProvider's Appreciation/Gratitude subcode. The span here is \\\"Thanx\\\".\\n\\nThe phone number \\\"XXX-XXX-XXXX\\\" might be part of providing contact information. But looking at the codes, InfoGive's subcode could be Generalinformation since it's administrative info. However, the provider is giving their contact number, so maybe it's part of maintaining communication? Wait, the code for providing contact details might fall under Generalinformation under InfoGive. Alternatively, if it's part of care coordination, but the phone number itself is general info. \\n\\nWait, the phone number is likely part of the contact details, so under InfoGive's Generalinformation subcode. The span here is \\\"XXX-XXX-XXXX\\\".\\n\\nBut I should check if there's another code. The \\\"Thanx\\\" is clearly Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider. The phone number could be part of providing contact info, which is general information. So two pairs here: one for the thanks and one for the phone number.\\n\\nWait, but the provider is sending their number. Maybe that's part of maintaining communication? The subcode \\\"maintainCommunication\\\" under PartnershipProvider? Let me check the definitions. \\n\\nLooking at PartnershipProvider's subcodes: maintainCommunication involves keeping the patient informed and engaged, like saying more details will be provided. The phone number might be part of providing contact for future communication, so maybe that's maintainCommunication. But the exact subcode for giving a phone number isn't explicitly listed. The Generalinformation subcode under InfoGive includes administrative info, so the phone number fits there. \\n\\nSo the two pairs would be:\\n\\n1. PartnershipProvider - Appreciation/Gratitude - \\\"Thanx\\\"\\n2. InfoGive - Generalinformation - \\\"XXX-XXX-XXXX\\\"\\n\\nWait, but the phone number is part of the current sentence. The provider is giving their contact info, so that's providing information, hence InfoGive. The subcode Generalinformation is appropriate here. \\n\\nAlternatively, could the phone number be part of carecoordination? The subcode carecoordination under InfoGive is about organizing services. Maybe not exactly. Generalinformation is better. \\n\\nSo the final answer should have those two entries.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipProvider\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Appreciation/Gratitude\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Thanx\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Generalinformation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"XXX-XXX-XXXX\\\"}]}\"\n]"},"filter":{"kind":"string","value":"none"},"metrics":{"kind":"list like","value":["evaluate_eppc"],"string":"[\n \"evaluate_eppc\"\n]"},"doc_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"bed717f38ab31d49601f82c3d24846b934130202b4cea1bf7c2f87d73e24b3a5"},"prompt_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"ea16e51c3ae1b28340a8b11af0d2223b495534ff6e92cca81bee37458b5faaa9"},"target_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"613b5789078ab268f9b00d573507a14067005f655c117c8084107d7bcb84a761"},"evaluate_eppc":{"kind":"list like","value":["{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thanx!\"}]}","Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\" with the previous sentence being a request to call someone and the next sentence being none. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence tells the patient to contact a company for answers. The current sentence is a thank you followed by a phone number. Since the next sentence is none, this is the closing sentence.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The \"Thanx\" part is an expression of gratitude. Checking the codes, PartnershipProvider has a subcode called Appreciation/Gratitude. Since the provider is thanking the patient, this fits under PartnershipProvider's Appreciation/Gratitude subcode. The span here is \"Thanx\".\n\nThe phone number \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\" might be part of providing contact information. But looking at the codes, InfoGive's subcode could be Generalinformation since it's administrative info. However, the provider is giving their contact number, so maybe it's part of maintaining communication? Wait, the code for providing contact details might fall under Generalinformation under InfoGive. Alternatively, if it's part of care coordination, but the phone number itself is general info. \n\nWait, the phone number is likely part of the contact details, so under InfoGive's Generalinformation subcode. The span here is \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\".\n\nBut I should check if there's another code. The \"Thanx\" is clearly Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider. The phone number could be part of providing contact info, which is general information. So two pairs here: one for the thanks and one for the phone number.\n\nWait, but the provider is sending their number. Maybe that's part of maintaining communication? The subcode \"maintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider? Let me check the definitions. \n\nLooking at PartnershipProvider's subcodes: maintainCommunication involves keeping the patient informed and engaged, like saying more details will be provided. The phone number might be part of providing contact for future communication, so maybe that's maintainCommunication. But the exact subcode for giving a phone number isn't explicitly listed. The Generalinformation subcode under InfoGive includes administrative info, so the phone number fits there. \n\nSo the two pairs would be:\n\n1. PartnershipProvider - Appreciation/Gratitude - \"Thanx\"\n2. InfoGive - Generalinformation - \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\"\n\nWait, but the phone number is part of the current sentence. The provider is giving their contact info, so that's providing information, hence InfoGive. The subcode Generalinformation is appropriate here. \n\nAlternatively, could the phone number be part of carecoordination? The subcode carecoordination under InfoGive is about organizing services. Maybe not exactly. Generalinformation is better. \n\nSo the final answer should have those two entries.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thanx\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipProvider\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"signoff\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Thanx!\\\"}]}\",\n \"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \\\"Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\\\" with the previous sentence being a request to call someone and the next sentence being none. \\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence tells the patient to contact a company for answers. The current sentence is a thank you followed by a phone number. Since the next sentence is none, this is the closing sentence.\\n\\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The \\\"Thanx\\\" part is an expression of gratitude. Checking the codes, PartnershipProvider has a subcode called Appreciation/Gratitude. Since the provider is thanking the patient, this fits under PartnershipProvider's Appreciation/Gratitude subcode. The span here is \\\"Thanx\\\".\\n\\nThe phone number \\\"XXX-XXX-XXXX\\\" might be part of providing contact information. But looking at the codes, InfoGive's subcode could be Generalinformation since it's administrative info. However, the provider is giving their contact number, so maybe it's part of maintaining communication? Wait, the code for providing contact details might fall under Generalinformation under InfoGive. Alternatively, if it's part of care coordination, but the phone number itself is general info. \\n\\nWait, the phone number is likely part of the contact details, so under InfoGive's Generalinformation subcode. The span here is \\\"XXX-XXX-XXXX\\\".\\n\\nBut I should check if there's another code. The \\\"Thanx\\\" is clearly Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider. The phone number could be part of providing contact info, which is general information. So two pairs here: one for the thanks and one for the phone number.\\n\\nWait, but the provider is sending their number. Maybe that's part of maintaining communication? The subcode \\\"maintainCommunication\\\" under PartnershipProvider? Let me check the definitions. \\n\\nLooking at PartnershipProvider's subcodes: maintainCommunication involves keeping the patient informed and engaged, like saying more details will be provided. The phone number might be part of providing contact for future communication, so maybe that's maintainCommunication. But the exact subcode for giving a phone number isn't explicitly listed. The Generalinformation subcode under InfoGive includes administrative info, so the phone number fits there. \\n\\nSo the two pairs would be:\\n\\n1. PartnershipProvider - Appreciation/Gratitude - \\\"Thanx\\\"\\n2. InfoGive - Generalinformation - \\\"XXX-XXX-XXXX\\\"\\n\\nWait, but the phone number is part of the current sentence. The provider is giving their contact info, so that's providing information, hence InfoGive. The subcode Generalinformation is appropriate here. \\n\\nAlternatively, could the phone number be part of carecoordination? The subcode carecoordination under InfoGive is about organizing services. Maybe not exactly. Generalinformation is better. \\n\\nSo the final answer should have those two entries.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipProvider\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Appreciation/Gratitude\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Thanx\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Generalinformation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"XXX-XXX-XXXX\\\"}]}\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":88,"cells":{"doc_id":{"kind":"number","value":88,"string":"88"},"doc":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"query\": \"## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: None\\n Current sentence: Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\\n Next sentence: That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\\n\\nOUTPUT:\",\n \"answer\": \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"salutation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hello,\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt\\\"}]}\"\n}"},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello,\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt\"}]}"},"arguments":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"gen_args_0\": {\n \"arg_0\": \"<|im_start|>user\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: Hi Person1, I had an appointment today with Dr. Person2 at the Org4.\\n Current sentence: I had blood work done and I like to leave a hard copy of the results with your office.\\n Next sentence: Everything looks good except for my PSA which has gone from 2.93 in MM/DD/YYYY to 4.5 today (MM/DD/YYYY) according to the VA.\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Diagnostics\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"I had blood work done\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"activeParticipation/involvement\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"I like to leave a hard copy of the results with your office\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: He has two new growths on his right shin messaged Dr Person1 but was hoping derm or Dr Person2 could take a look.\\n Current sentence: Thank you, Person3\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"signoff\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Thank you\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: None\\n Current sentence: Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\\n Next sentence: That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\\n\\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\\n<|im_start|>assistant\\n<think>\\n\",\n \"arg_1\": {\n \"until\": [\n \"JSON_END\"\n ],\n \"do_sample\": false,\n \"temperature\": 0,\n \"max_gen_toks\": 1024\n }\n }\n}"},"resps":{"kind":"list like","value":[["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is asking about a medication schedule.\n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The user starts with \"Hello,\" which is a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, \"Hello\" would be a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipPatient has a sub-code \"salutation\" for greeting the provider. So that's one pair: PartnershipPatient with salutation, span \"Hello\".\n\nNext, the rest of the sentence talks about checking the calendar and realizing the next appointment date. The key part here is mentioning the appointment date. The sub-code SchedulingAppt under InfoGive or InfoSeek. Since the patient is providing information about their appointment, it's InfoGive. The sub-code SchedulingAppt fits because it's about the date and time of the appointment. The span here would be \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\".\n\nWait, but the next sentence is a question about medication. The current sentence is stating the appointment date, so it's giving info, so InfoGive's SchedulingAppt. \n\nAre there any other codes here? The greeting is covered. The rest is about the appointment, so that's the main part. \n\nNo other elements like symptoms or diagnostics here. So the two pairs are:\n\n1. PartnershipPatient - salutation: \"Hello\"\n2. InfoGive - SchedulingAppt: \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\"\n\nI need to make sure the sub-codes are correctly under their codes. PartnershipPatient's salutation is correct. InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is a valid sub-code. \n\nNo other possible codes. The next sentence is a separate question, but the current sentence is focused on the appointment date and the greeting.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"]],"string":"[\n [\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \\\"Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is asking about a medication schedule.\\n\\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The user starts with \\\"Hello,\\\" which is a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, \\\"Hello\\\" would be a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipPatient has a sub-code \\\"salutation\\\" for greeting the provider. So that's one pair: PartnershipPatient with salutation, span \\\"Hello\\\".\\n\\nNext, the rest of the sentence talks about checking the calendar and realizing the next appointment date. The key part here is mentioning the appointment date. The sub-code SchedulingAppt under InfoGive or InfoSeek. Since the patient is providing information about their appointment, it's InfoGive. The sub-code SchedulingAppt fits because it's about the date and time of the appointment. The span here would be \\\"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\\\".\\n\\nWait, but the next sentence is a question about medication. The current sentence is stating the appointment date, so it's giving info, so InfoGive's SchedulingAppt. \\n\\nAre there any other codes here? The greeting is covered. The rest is about the appointment, so that's the main part. \\n\\nNo other elements like symptoms or diagnostics here. So the two pairs are:\\n\\n1. PartnershipPatient - salutation: \\\"Hello\\\"\\n2. InfoGive - SchedulingAppt: \\\"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\\\"\\n\\nI need to make sure the sub-codes are correctly under their codes. PartnershipPatient's salutation is correct. InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is a valid sub-code. \\n\\nNo other possible codes. The next sentence is a separate question, but the current sentence is focused on the appointment date and the greeting.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"salutation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hello\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\\\"}]}\"\n ]\n]"},"filtered_resps":{"kind":"list like","value":["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is asking about a medication schedule.\n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The user starts with \"Hello,\" which is a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, \"Hello\" would be a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipPatient has a sub-code \"salutation\" for greeting the provider. So that's one pair: PartnershipPatient with salutation, span \"Hello\".\n\nNext, the rest of the sentence talks about checking the calendar and realizing the next appointment date. The key part here is mentioning the appointment date. The sub-code SchedulingAppt under InfoGive or InfoSeek. Since the patient is providing information about their appointment, it's InfoGive. The sub-code SchedulingAppt fits because it's about the date and time of the appointment. The span here would be \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\".\n\nWait, but the next sentence is a question about medication. The current sentence is stating the appointment date, so it's giving info, so InfoGive's SchedulingAppt. \n\nAre there any other codes here? The greeting is covered. The rest is about the appointment, so that's the main part. \n\nNo other elements like symptoms or diagnostics here. So the two pairs are:\n\n1. PartnershipPatient - salutation: \"Hello\"\n2. InfoGive - SchedulingAppt: \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\"\n\nI need to make sure the sub-codes are correctly under their codes. PartnershipPatient's salutation is correct. InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is a valid sub-code. \n\nNo other possible codes. The next sentence is a separate question, but the current sentence is focused on the appointment date and the greeting.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \\\"Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is asking about a medication schedule.\\n\\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The user starts with \\\"Hello,\\\" which is a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, \\\"Hello\\\" would be a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipPatient has a sub-code \\\"salutation\\\" for greeting the provider. So that's one pair: PartnershipPatient with salutation, span \\\"Hello\\\".\\n\\nNext, the rest of the sentence talks about checking the calendar and realizing the next appointment date. The key part here is mentioning the appointment date. The sub-code SchedulingAppt under InfoGive or InfoSeek. Since the patient is providing information about their appointment, it's InfoGive. The sub-code SchedulingAppt fits because it's about the date and time of the appointment. The span here would be \\\"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\\\".\\n\\nWait, but the next sentence is a question about medication. The current sentence is stating the appointment date, so it's giving info, so InfoGive's SchedulingAppt. \\n\\nAre there any other codes here? The greeting is covered. The rest is about the appointment, so that's the main part. \\n\\nNo other elements like symptoms or diagnostics here. So the two pairs are:\\n\\n1. PartnershipPatient - salutation: \\\"Hello\\\"\\n2. InfoGive - SchedulingAppt: \\\"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\\\"\\n\\nI need to make sure the sub-codes are correctly under their codes. PartnershipPatient's salutation is correct. InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is a valid sub-code. \\n\\nNo other possible codes. The next sentence is a separate question, but the current sentence is focused on the appointment date and the greeting.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"salutation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hello\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\\\"}]}\"\n]"},"filter":{"kind":"string","value":"none"},"metrics":{"kind":"list like","value":["evaluate_eppc"],"string":"[\n \"evaluate_eppc\"\n]"},"doc_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"8e5f3bcfebffbf2a4e66dabc111878b3dc6ceb50cc396c39c525957098250611"},"prompt_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"b12c20354331f4d482840a376154e0aace8b8c082e0e92d6d486ea2cefd58b0b"},"target_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"fe6b6e0589d9ba92d187e1870b74eecd57a28144e5a5217c91588111f9e570ee"},"evaluate_eppc":{"kind":"list like","value":["{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello,\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt\"}]}","Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is asking about a medication schedule.\n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The user starts with \"Hello,\" which is a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, \"Hello\" would be a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipPatient has a sub-code \"salutation\" for greeting the provider. So that's one pair: PartnershipPatient with salutation, span \"Hello\".\n\nNext, the rest of the sentence talks about checking the calendar and realizing the next appointment date. The key part here is mentioning the appointment date. The sub-code SchedulingAppt under InfoGive or InfoSeek. Since the patient is providing information about their appointment, it's InfoGive. The sub-code SchedulingAppt fits because it's about the date and time of the appointment. The span here would be \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\".\n\nWait, but the next sentence is a question about medication. The current sentence is stating the appointment date, so it's giving info, so InfoGive's SchedulingAppt. \n\nAre there any other codes here? The greeting is covered. The rest is about the appointment, so that's the main part. \n\nNo other elements like symptoms or diagnostics here. So the two pairs are:\n\n1. PartnershipPatient - salutation: \"Hello\"\n2. InfoGive - SchedulingAppt: \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\"\n\nI need to make sure the sub-codes are correctly under their codes. PartnershipPatient's salutation is correct. InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is a valid sub-code. \n\nNo other possible codes. The next sentence is a separate question, but the current sentence is focused on the appointment date and the greeting.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"salutation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hello,\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt\\\"}]}\",\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \\\"Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is asking about a medication schedule.\\n\\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The user starts with \\\"Hello,\\\" which is a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, \\\"Hello\\\" would be a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipPatient has a sub-code \\\"salutation\\\" for greeting the provider. So that's one pair: PartnershipPatient with salutation, span \\\"Hello\\\".\\n\\nNext, the rest of the sentence talks about checking the calendar and realizing the next appointment date. The key part here is mentioning the appointment date. The sub-code SchedulingAppt under InfoGive or InfoSeek. Since the patient is providing information about their appointment, it's InfoGive. The sub-code SchedulingAppt fits because it's about the date and time of the appointment. The span here would be \\\"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\\\".\\n\\nWait, but the next sentence is a question about medication. The current sentence is stating the appointment date, so it's giving info, so InfoGive's SchedulingAppt. \\n\\nAre there any other codes here? The greeting is covered. The rest is about the appointment, so that's the main part. \\n\\nNo other elements like symptoms or diagnostics here. So the two pairs are:\\n\\n1. PartnershipPatient - salutation: \\\"Hello\\\"\\n2. InfoGive - SchedulingAppt: \\\"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\\\"\\n\\nI need to make sure the sub-codes are correctly under their codes. PartnershipPatient's salutation is correct. InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is a valid sub-code. \\n\\nNo other possible codes. The next sentence is a separate question, but the current sentence is focused on the appointment date and the greeting.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"salutation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hello\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\\\"}]}\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":89,"cells":{"doc_id":{"kind":"number","value":89,"string":"89"},"doc":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"query\": \"## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\\n Current sentence: That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\\n Next sentence: I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\\n\\nOUTPUT:\",\n \"answer\": \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Drugs\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\\\"}]}\"\n}"},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\"}]}"},"arguments":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"gen_args_0\": {\n \"arg_0\": \"<|im_start|>user\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: None\\n Current sentence: Hi Dr. Person1, Hope you and your family are doing well.\\n Next sentence: I have a close friend who had a hysterectomy, cancer, removed three weeks ago at Org4.\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"salutation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hi\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"connection\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hope you and your family are doing well\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: None\\n Current sentence: Hi Person1, were you able to schedule my bone scan?\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"salutation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hi\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"were you able to schedule my bone scan?\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\\n Current sentence: That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\\n Next sentence: I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\\n\\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\\n<|im_start|>assistant\\n<think>\\n\",\n \"arg_1\": {\n \"until\": [\n \"JSON_END\"\n ],\n \"do_sample\": false,\n \"temperature\": 0,\n \"max_gen_toks\": 1024\n }\n }\n}"},"resps":{"kind":"list like","value":[["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\" and the previous and next sentences are about scheduling appointments and lab dates.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about dates related to their treatment. The previous sentence mentions an upcoming appointment with Dr. Person1 on a specific date, and the next sentence refers to finishing a week off and lab scheduling. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, the patient is asking if a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) is when they should start their next round of Ibrance, which is a drug. The key elements here are the date and the mention of the drug Ibrance. \n\nNow, checking the codes and subcodes. The question is about seeking information regarding the timing of a medication, which falls under InfoSeek. The subcode here would be Drugs since they're asking about when to start a specific drug. \n\nAdditionally, the sentence starts with \"That is MM/DD/YYYY\" which could relate to scheduling, but since the main focus is on the drug's start date, the primary code is InfoSeek with the Drugs subcode. \n\nI should also check if there's any other code applicable. The mention of the date might touch on SchedulingAppt, but the core of the question is about the medication's schedule, so Drugs is more accurate. \n\nNo other codes like PartnershipPatient or Socioemotional seem to apply here. The patient isn't expressing a preference or emotion, just seeking info on medication timing. \n\nSo the final pair should be InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, and the span would be \"start my next round of Ibrance\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"start my next round of Ibrance\"}]}"]],"string":"[\n [\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \\\"That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\\\" and the previous and next sentences are about scheduling appointments and lab dates.\\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about dates related to their treatment. The previous sentence mentions an upcoming appointment with Dr. Person1 on a specific date, and the next sentence refers to finishing a week off and lab scheduling. \\n\\nLooking at the current sentence, the patient is asking if a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) is when they should start their next round of Ibrance, which is a drug. The key elements here are the date and the mention of the drug Ibrance. \\n\\nNow, checking the codes and subcodes. The question is about seeking information regarding the timing of a medication, which falls under InfoSeek. The subcode here would be Drugs since they're asking about when to start a specific drug. \\n\\nAdditionally, the sentence starts with \\\"That is MM/DD/YYYY\\\" which could relate to scheduling, but since the main focus is on the drug's start date, the primary code is InfoSeek with the Drugs subcode. \\n\\nI should also check if there's any other code applicable. The mention of the date might touch on SchedulingAppt, but the core of the question is about the medication's schedule, so Drugs is more accurate. \\n\\nNo other codes like PartnershipPatient or Socioemotional seem to apply here. The patient isn't expressing a preference or emotion, just seeking info on medication timing. \\n\\nSo the final pair should be InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, and the span would be \\\"start my next round of Ibrance\\\".\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Drugs\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"start my next round of Ibrance\\\"}]}\"\n ]\n]"},"filtered_resps":{"kind":"list like","value":["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\" and the previous and next sentences are about scheduling appointments and lab dates.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about dates related to their treatment. The previous sentence mentions an upcoming appointment with Dr. Person1 on a specific date, and the next sentence refers to finishing a week off and lab scheduling. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, the patient is asking if a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) is when they should start their next round of Ibrance, which is a drug. The key elements here are the date and the mention of the drug Ibrance. \n\nNow, checking the codes and subcodes. The question is about seeking information regarding the timing of a medication, which falls under InfoSeek. The subcode here would be Drugs since they're asking about when to start a specific drug. \n\nAdditionally, the sentence starts with \"That is MM/DD/YYYY\" which could relate to scheduling, but since the main focus is on the drug's start date, the primary code is InfoSeek with the Drugs subcode. \n\nI should also check if there's any other code applicable. The mention of the date might touch on SchedulingAppt, but the core of the question is about the medication's schedule, so Drugs is more accurate. \n\nNo other codes like PartnershipPatient or Socioemotional seem to apply here. The patient isn't expressing a preference or emotion, just seeking info on medication timing. \n\nSo the final pair should be InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, and the span would be \"start my next round of Ibrance\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"start my next round of Ibrance\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \\\"That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\\\" and the previous and next sentences are about scheduling appointments and lab dates.\\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about dates related to their treatment. The previous sentence mentions an upcoming appointment with Dr. Person1 on a specific date, and the next sentence refers to finishing a week off and lab scheduling. \\n\\nLooking at the current sentence, the patient is asking if a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) is when they should start their next round of Ibrance, which is a drug. The key elements here are the date and the mention of the drug Ibrance. \\n\\nNow, checking the codes and subcodes. The question is about seeking information regarding the timing of a medication, which falls under InfoSeek. The subcode here would be Drugs since they're asking about when to start a specific drug. \\n\\nAdditionally, the sentence starts with \\\"That is MM/DD/YYYY\\\" which could relate to scheduling, but since the main focus is on the drug's start date, the primary code is InfoSeek with the Drugs subcode. \\n\\nI should also check if there's any other code applicable. The mention of the date might touch on SchedulingAppt, but the core of the question is about the medication's schedule, so Drugs is more accurate. \\n\\nNo other codes like PartnershipPatient or Socioemotional seem to apply here. The patient isn't expressing a preference or emotion, just seeking info on medication timing. \\n\\nSo the final pair should be InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, and the span would be \\\"start my next round of Ibrance\\\".\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Drugs\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"start my next round of Ibrance\\\"}]}\"\n]"},"filter":{"kind":"string","value":"none"},"metrics":{"kind":"list like","value":["evaluate_eppc"],"string":"[\n \"evaluate_eppc\"\n]"},"doc_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"ed21c0ef05712a7d17e30c62f54beb4d2534ba3859b7fb34cb3aaab93c25a367"},"prompt_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"4482c42f00943ab6b150e1b6143e7c481a989e335d10adeab7e2adf2a654ed60"},"target_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"f37abfe25292857295a88689bf4a9f1e00b2d01a5932a6348c705000ae3f0125"},"evaluate_eppc":{"kind":"list like","value":["{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\"}]}","Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\" and the previous and next sentences are about scheduling appointments and lab dates.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about dates related to their treatment. The previous sentence mentions an upcoming appointment with Dr. Person1 on a specific date, and the next sentence refers to finishing a week off and lab scheduling. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, the patient is asking if a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) is when they should start their next round of Ibrance, which is a drug. The key elements here are the date and the mention of the drug Ibrance. \n\nNow, checking the codes and subcodes. The question is about seeking information regarding the timing of a medication, which falls under InfoSeek. The subcode here would be Drugs since they're asking about when to start a specific drug. \n\nAdditionally, the sentence starts with \"That is MM/DD/YYYY\" which could relate to scheduling, but since the main focus is on the drug's start date, the primary code is InfoSeek with the Drugs subcode. \n\nI should also check if there's any other code applicable. The mention of the date might touch on SchedulingAppt, but the core of the question is about the medication's schedule, so Drugs is more accurate. \n\nNo other codes like PartnershipPatient or Socioemotional seem to apply here. The patient isn't expressing a preference or emotion, just seeking info on medication timing. \n\nSo the final pair should be InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, and the span would be \"start my next round of Ibrance\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"start my next round of Ibrance\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Drugs\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\\\"}]}\",\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \\\"That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\\\" and the previous and next sentences are about scheduling appointments and lab dates.\\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about dates related to their treatment. The previous sentence mentions an upcoming appointment with Dr. Person1 on a specific date, and the next sentence refers to finishing a week off and lab scheduling. \\n\\nLooking at the current sentence, the patient is asking if a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) is when they should start their next round of Ibrance, which is a drug. The key elements here are the date and the mention of the drug Ibrance. \\n\\nNow, checking the codes and subcodes. The question is about seeking information regarding the timing of a medication, which falls under InfoSeek. The subcode here would be Drugs since they're asking about when to start a specific drug. \\n\\nAdditionally, the sentence starts with \\\"That is MM/DD/YYYY\\\" which could relate to scheduling, but since the main focus is on the drug's start date, the primary code is InfoSeek with the Drugs subcode. \\n\\nI should also check if there's any other code applicable. The mention of the date might touch on SchedulingAppt, but the core of the question is about the medication's schedule, so Drugs is more accurate. \\n\\nNo other codes like PartnershipPatient or Socioemotional seem to apply here. The patient isn't expressing a preference or emotion, just seeking info on medication timing. \\n\\nSo the final pair should be InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, and the span would be \\\"start my next round of Ibrance\\\".\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Drugs\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"start my next round of Ibrance\\\"}]}\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":90,"cells":{"doc_id":{"kind":"number","value":90,"string":"90"},"doc":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"query\": \"## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\\n Current sentence: I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\\n Next sentence: The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\\n\\nOUTPUT:\",\n \"answer\": \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled\\\"}]}\"\n}"},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled\"}]}"},"arguments":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"gen_args_0\": {\n \"arg_0\": \"<|im_start|>user\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: I going to clean it with peroxide and see what happens.\\n Current sentence: I also have an appt with Dr.Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY I can show him at that time also.\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"carecoordination\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"I also have an appt with Dr.Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY I can show him at that time also\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: A test result for CEA came in but I don't know what that is.\\n Current sentence: I have nothing to compare that to although it appears the numbers pretty high which is concerning.\\n Next sentence: I was wondering if there was a reason for switching to a different test?\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Generalinformation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"I have nothing to compare that \\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"Socioemotional/Empathy\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"ExpressConcern/unease\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"it appears the numbers pretty high which is concerning\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\\n Current sentence: I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\\n Next sentence: The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\\n\\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\\n<|im_start|>assistant\\n<think>\\n\",\n \"arg_1\": {\n \"until\": [\n \"JSON_END\"\n ],\n \"do_sample\": false,\n \"temperature\": 0,\n \"max_gen_toks\": 1024\n }\n }\n}"},"resps":{"kind":"list like","value":[["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\" The previous sentence mentions a date for starting Ibrance, and the next sentence talks about the pharmacy not having time to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is discussing their treatment schedule, specifically the dates for finishing a week off and when labs are scheduled. The next sentence indicates a problem with the pharmacy's timing, so the current sentence is providing specific dates related to their care coordination.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive's Sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times for appointments. The current sentence has two dates, both related to their medical schedule. The part \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and the parenthetical about labs being scheduled on another date both involve scheduling information. So that's probably InfoGive with SchedulingAppt.\n\nAdditionally, the mention of labs being scheduled could also relate to diagnostics, but the key here is the dates themselves. The next sentence's concern about the pharmacy's timing shows that the dates are part of coordinating care, so maybe carecoordination? Wait, the Sub-code for InfoGive's carecoordination is about organizing services. But the specific dates are more about scheduling appointments. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so maybe Diagnostics as a Sub-code? But the main point is the dates. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nInfoGive's SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for seeing a provider. The labs are a diagnostic test, so the part about labs being scheduled might fall under Diagnostics. But the main action here is providing the dates, so SchedulingAppt is the primary Sub-code here. The labs are part of the diagnostic process, so maybe that's a separate Sub-code. Let me parse the sentence again.\n\nThe first part: \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" – this is about the timeline of their treatment, possibly part of care coordination. The second part in parentheses mentions labs scheduled on another date. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so that's Diagnostics. So two Sub-codes here: SchedulingAppt for the dates, and Diagnostics for the labs.\n\nWait, but the labs are scheduled, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. But the labs themselves are a diagnostic test. So the mention of labs being scheduled could be both SchedulingAppt and Diagnostics. However, the Sub-code for SchedulingAppt is about the dates, while Diagnostics is about the procedure. So the span \"my labs are scheduled\" would be SchedulingAppt, and \"labs\" might relate to Diagnostics. Hmm, but the exact Sub-code definitions need to be considered.\n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is providing information about scheduling, so the main Code is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The part about labs being scheduled is part of that. The Diagnostics Sub-code would be if they were talking about the results or the need for the test, but here it's just the scheduling. So maybe just SchedulingAppt.\n\nWait, the next sentence is about the pharmacy's delivery timing, so the current sentence's dates are part of coordinating the care timeline. The labs are a diagnostic part of their care, so maybe the mention of labs being scheduled is under Diagnostics. But the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the process of identifying a disease through tests. The scheduling of the test is part of SchedulingAppt. So the labs' scheduling is SchedulingAppt, and the fact that they are labs (diagnostics) might not need a separate code unless the focus is on the test itself. Since the current sentence is about when things are happening, the primary codes are SchedulingAppt.\n\nTherefore, the spans would be \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY\" both under SchedulingAppt. But the entire sentence's main point is providing dates, so the entire sentence's key parts are about scheduling. Therefore, the Code-Subcode pairs would be InfoGive with SchedulingAppt for the dates mentioned. Additionally, the mention of labs could also be under Diagnostics, but the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the diagnostic process, not the scheduling. So maybe only SchedulingAppt here.\n\nWait, the labs are a diagnostic procedure, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. The fact that they are labs (a diagnostic test) might not add another Sub-code unless the focus is on the diagnostic aspect. Since the sentence is about when they're happening, the main Sub-code is SchedulingAppt. So the spans would be the parts with the dates. The first part \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and the parenthetical \"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY"]],"string":"[\n [\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \\\"I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\\\" The previous sentence mentions a date for starting Ibrance, and the next sentence talks about the pharmacy not having time to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same.\\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is discussing their treatment schedule, specifically the dates for finishing a week off and when labs are scheduled. The next sentence indicates a problem with the pharmacy's timing, so the current sentence is providing specific dates related to their care coordination.\\n\\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive's Sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times for appointments. The current sentence has two dates, both related to their medical schedule. The part \\\"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and the parenthetical about labs being scheduled on another date both involve scheduling information. So that's probably InfoGive with SchedulingAppt.\\n\\nAdditionally, the mention of labs being scheduled could also relate to diagnostics, but the key here is the dates themselves. The next sentence's concern about the pharmacy's timing shows that the dates are part of coordinating care, so maybe carecoordination? Wait, the Sub-code for InfoGive's carecoordination is about organizing services. But the specific dates are more about scheduling appointments. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so maybe Diagnostics as a Sub-code? But the main point is the dates. Let me check the definitions again.\\n\\nInfoGive's SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for seeing a provider. The labs are a diagnostic test, so the part about labs being scheduled might fall under Diagnostics. But the main action here is providing the dates, so SchedulingAppt is the primary Sub-code here. The labs are part of the diagnostic process, so maybe that's a separate Sub-code. Let me parse the sentence again.\\n\\nThe first part: \\\"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" – this is about the timeline of their treatment, possibly part of care coordination. The second part in parentheses mentions labs scheduled on another date. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so that's Diagnostics. So two Sub-codes here: SchedulingAppt for the dates, and Diagnostics for the labs.\\n\\nWait, but the labs are scheduled, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. But the labs themselves are a diagnostic test. So the mention of labs being scheduled could be both SchedulingAppt and Diagnostics. However, the Sub-code for SchedulingAppt is about the dates, while Diagnostics is about the procedure. So the span \\\"my labs are scheduled\\\" would be SchedulingAppt, and \\\"labs\\\" might relate to Diagnostics. Hmm, but the exact Sub-code definitions need to be considered.\\n\\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is providing information about scheduling, so the main Code is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The part about labs being scheduled is part of that. The Diagnostics Sub-code would be if they were talking about the results or the need for the test, but here it's just the scheduling. So maybe just SchedulingAppt.\\n\\nWait, the next sentence is about the pharmacy's delivery timing, so the current sentence's dates are part of coordinating the care timeline. The labs are a diagnostic part of their care, so maybe the mention of labs being scheduled is under Diagnostics. But the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the process of identifying a disease through tests. The scheduling of the test is part of SchedulingAppt. So the labs' scheduling is SchedulingAppt, and the fact that they are labs (diagnostics) might not need a separate code unless the focus is on the test itself. Since the current sentence is about when things are happening, the primary codes are SchedulingAppt.\\n\\nTherefore, the spans would be \\\"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and \\\"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" both under SchedulingAppt. But the entire sentence's main point is providing dates, so the entire sentence's key parts are about scheduling. Therefore, the Code-Subcode pairs would be InfoGive with SchedulingAppt for the dates mentioned. Additionally, the mention of labs could also be under Diagnostics, but the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the diagnostic process, not the scheduling. So maybe only SchedulingAppt here.\\n\\nWait, the labs are a diagnostic procedure, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. The fact that they are labs (a diagnostic test) might not add another Sub-code unless the focus is on the diagnostic aspect. Since the sentence is about when they're happening, the main Sub-code is SchedulingAppt. So the spans would be the parts with the dates. The first part \\\"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and the parenthetical \\\"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY\"\n ]\n]"},"filtered_resps":{"kind":"list like","value":["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\" The previous sentence mentions a date for starting Ibrance, and the next sentence talks about the pharmacy not having time to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is discussing their treatment schedule, specifically the dates for finishing a week off and when labs are scheduled. The next sentence indicates a problem with the pharmacy's timing, so the current sentence is providing specific dates related to their care coordination.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive's Sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times for appointments. The current sentence has two dates, both related to their medical schedule. The part \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and the parenthetical about labs being scheduled on another date both involve scheduling information. So that's probably InfoGive with SchedulingAppt.\n\nAdditionally, the mention of labs being scheduled could also relate to diagnostics, but the key here is the dates themselves. The next sentence's concern about the pharmacy's timing shows that the dates are part of coordinating care, so maybe carecoordination? Wait, the Sub-code for InfoGive's carecoordination is about organizing services. But the specific dates are more about scheduling appointments. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so maybe Diagnostics as a Sub-code? But the main point is the dates. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nInfoGive's SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for seeing a provider. The labs are a diagnostic test, so the part about labs being scheduled might fall under Diagnostics. But the main action here is providing the dates, so SchedulingAppt is the primary Sub-code here. The labs are part of the diagnostic process, so maybe that's a separate Sub-code. Let me parse the sentence again.\n\nThe first part: \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" – this is about the timeline of their treatment, possibly part of care coordination. The second part in parentheses mentions labs scheduled on another date. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so that's Diagnostics. So two Sub-codes here: SchedulingAppt for the dates, and Diagnostics for the labs.\n\nWait, but the labs are scheduled, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. But the labs themselves are a diagnostic test. So the mention of labs being scheduled could be both SchedulingAppt and Diagnostics. However, the Sub-code for SchedulingAppt is about the dates, while Diagnostics is about the procedure. So the span \"my labs are scheduled\" would be SchedulingAppt, and \"labs\" might relate to Diagnostics. Hmm, but the exact Sub-code definitions need to be considered.\n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is providing information about scheduling, so the main Code is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The part about labs being scheduled is part of that. The Diagnostics Sub-code would be if they were talking about the results or the need for the test, but here it's just the scheduling. So maybe just SchedulingAppt.\n\nWait, the next sentence is about the pharmacy's delivery timing, so the current sentence's dates are part of coordinating the care timeline. The labs are a diagnostic part of their care, so maybe the mention of labs being scheduled is under Diagnostics. But the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the process of identifying a disease through tests. The scheduling of the test is part of SchedulingAppt. So the labs' scheduling is SchedulingAppt, and the fact that they are labs (diagnostics) might not need a separate code unless the focus is on the test itself. Since the current sentence is about when things are happening, the primary codes are SchedulingAppt.\n\nTherefore, the spans would be \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY\" both under SchedulingAppt. But the entire sentence's main point is providing dates, so the entire sentence's key parts are about scheduling. Therefore, the Code-Subcode pairs would be InfoGive with SchedulingAppt for the dates mentioned. Additionally, the mention of labs could also be under Diagnostics, but the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the diagnostic process, not the scheduling. So maybe only SchedulingAppt here.\n\nWait, the labs are a diagnostic procedure, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. The fact that they are labs (a diagnostic test) might not add another Sub-code unless the focus is on the diagnostic aspect. Since the sentence is about when they're happening, the main Sub-code is SchedulingAppt. So the spans would be the parts with the dates. The first part \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and the parenthetical \"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY"],"string":"[\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \\\"I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\\\" The previous sentence mentions a date for starting Ibrance, and the next sentence talks about the pharmacy not having time to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same.\\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is discussing their treatment schedule, specifically the dates for finishing a week off and when labs are scheduled. The next sentence indicates a problem with the pharmacy's timing, so the current sentence is providing specific dates related to their care coordination.\\n\\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive's Sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times for appointments. The current sentence has two dates, both related to their medical schedule. The part \\\"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and the parenthetical about labs being scheduled on another date both involve scheduling information. So that's probably InfoGive with SchedulingAppt.\\n\\nAdditionally, the mention of labs being scheduled could also relate to diagnostics, but the key here is the dates themselves. The next sentence's concern about the pharmacy's timing shows that the dates are part of coordinating care, so maybe carecoordination? Wait, the Sub-code for InfoGive's carecoordination is about organizing services. But the specific dates are more about scheduling appointments. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so maybe Diagnostics as a Sub-code? But the main point is the dates. Let me check the definitions again.\\n\\nInfoGive's SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for seeing a provider. The labs are a diagnostic test, so the part about labs being scheduled might fall under Diagnostics. But the main action here is providing the dates, so SchedulingAppt is the primary Sub-code here. The labs are part of the diagnostic process, so maybe that's a separate Sub-code. Let me parse the sentence again.\\n\\nThe first part: \\\"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" – this is about the timeline of their treatment, possibly part of care coordination. The second part in parentheses mentions labs scheduled on another date. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so that's Diagnostics. So two Sub-codes here: SchedulingAppt for the dates, and Diagnostics for the labs.\\n\\nWait, but the labs are scheduled, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. But the labs themselves are a diagnostic test. So the mention of labs being scheduled could be both SchedulingAppt and Diagnostics. However, the Sub-code for SchedulingAppt is about the dates, while Diagnostics is about the procedure. So the span \\\"my labs are scheduled\\\" would be SchedulingAppt, and \\\"labs\\\" might relate to Diagnostics. Hmm, but the exact Sub-code definitions need to be considered.\\n\\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is providing information about scheduling, so the main Code is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The part about labs being scheduled is part of that. The Diagnostics Sub-code would be if they were talking about the results or the need for the test, but here it's just the scheduling. So maybe just SchedulingAppt.\\n\\nWait, the next sentence is about the pharmacy's delivery timing, so the current sentence's dates are part of coordinating the care timeline. The labs are a diagnostic part of their care, so maybe the mention of labs being scheduled is under Diagnostics. But the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the process of identifying a disease through tests. The scheduling of the test is part of SchedulingAppt. So the labs' scheduling is SchedulingAppt, and the fact that they are labs (diagnostics) might not need a separate code unless the focus is on the test itself. Since the current sentence is about when things are happening, the primary codes are SchedulingAppt.\\n\\nTherefore, the spans would be \\\"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and \\\"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" both under SchedulingAppt. But the entire sentence's main point is providing dates, so the entire sentence's key parts are about scheduling. Therefore, the Code-Subcode pairs would be InfoGive with SchedulingAppt for the dates mentioned. Additionally, the mention of labs could also be under Diagnostics, but the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the diagnostic process, not the scheduling. So maybe only SchedulingAppt here.\\n\\nWait, the labs are a diagnostic procedure, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. The fact that they are labs (a diagnostic test) might not add another Sub-code unless the focus is on the diagnostic aspect. Since the sentence is about when they're happening, the main Sub-code is SchedulingAppt. So the spans would be the parts with the dates. The first part \\\"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and the parenthetical \\\"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY\"\n]"},"filter":{"kind":"string","value":"none"},"metrics":{"kind":"list like","value":["evaluate_eppc"],"string":"[\n \"evaluate_eppc\"\n]"},"doc_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"1360419aed422b0f2b0e022164b56ab5ecfa9dc8ec181c000304be2c19d41213"},"prompt_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"33e177221b4fed2d5497e101348f92637704934e35e11c8add5303fdca971256"},"target_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"3ce6a76dd2f495dd177f7c6e39b9f1119cd6d7ed05340d677f69d8c2bedd7846"},"evaluate_eppc":{"kind":"list like","value":["{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled\"}]}","Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\" The previous sentence mentions a date for starting Ibrance, and the next sentence talks about the pharmacy not having time to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is discussing their treatment schedule, specifically the dates for finishing a week off and when labs are scheduled. The next sentence indicates a problem with the pharmacy's timing, so the current sentence is providing specific dates related to their care coordination.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive's Sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times for appointments. The current sentence has two dates, both related to their medical schedule. The part \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and the parenthetical about labs being scheduled on another date both involve scheduling information. So that's probably InfoGive with SchedulingAppt.\n\nAdditionally, the mention of labs being scheduled could also relate to diagnostics, but the key here is the dates themselves. The next sentence's concern about the pharmacy's timing shows that the dates are part of coordinating care, so maybe carecoordination? Wait, the Sub-code for InfoGive's carecoordination is about organizing services. But the specific dates are more about scheduling appointments. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so maybe Diagnostics as a Sub-code? But the main point is the dates. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nInfoGive's SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for seeing a provider. The labs are a diagnostic test, so the part about labs being scheduled might fall under Diagnostics. But the main action here is providing the dates, so SchedulingAppt is the primary Sub-code here. The labs are part of the diagnostic process, so maybe that's a separate Sub-code. Let me parse the sentence again.\n\nThe first part: \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" – this is about the timeline of their treatment, possibly part of care coordination. The second part in parentheses mentions labs scheduled on another date. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so that's Diagnostics. So two Sub-codes here: SchedulingAppt for the dates, and Diagnostics for the labs.\n\nWait, but the labs are scheduled, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. But the labs themselves are a diagnostic test. So the mention of labs being scheduled could be both SchedulingAppt and Diagnostics. However, the Sub-code for SchedulingAppt is about the dates, while Diagnostics is about the procedure. So the span \"my labs are scheduled\" would be SchedulingAppt, and \"labs\" might relate to Diagnostics. Hmm, but the exact Sub-code definitions need to be considered.\n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is providing information about scheduling, so the main Code is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The part about labs being scheduled is part of that. The Diagnostics Sub-code would be if they were talking about the results or the need for the test, but here it's just the scheduling. So maybe just SchedulingAppt.\n\nWait, the next sentence is about the pharmacy's delivery timing, so the current sentence's dates are part of coordinating the care timeline. The labs are a diagnostic part of their care, so maybe the mention of labs being scheduled is under Diagnostics. But the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the process of identifying a disease through tests. The scheduling of the test is part of SchedulingAppt. So the labs' scheduling is SchedulingAppt, and the fact that they are labs (diagnostics) might not need a separate code unless the focus is on the test itself. Since the current sentence is about when things are happening, the primary codes are SchedulingAppt.\n\nTherefore, the spans would be \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY\" both under SchedulingAppt. But the entire sentence's main point is providing dates, so the entire sentence's key parts are about scheduling. Therefore, the Code-Subcode pairs would be InfoGive with SchedulingAppt for the dates mentioned. Additionally, the mention of labs could also be under Diagnostics, but the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the diagnostic process, not the scheduling. So maybe only SchedulingAppt here.\n\nWait, the labs are a diagnostic procedure, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. The fact that they are labs (a diagnostic test) might not add another Sub-code unless the focus is on the diagnostic aspect. Since the sentence is about when they're happening, the main Sub-code is SchedulingAppt. So the spans would be the parts with the dates. The first part \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and the parenthetical \"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY"],"string":"[\n \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled\\\"}]}\",\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \\\"I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\\\" The previous sentence mentions a date for starting Ibrance, and the next sentence talks about the pharmacy not having time to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same.\\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is discussing their treatment schedule, specifically the dates for finishing a week off and when labs are scheduled. The next sentence indicates a problem with the pharmacy's timing, so the current sentence is providing specific dates related to their care coordination.\\n\\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive's Sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times for appointments. The current sentence has two dates, both related to their medical schedule. The part \\\"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and the parenthetical about labs being scheduled on another date both involve scheduling information. So that's probably InfoGive with SchedulingAppt.\\n\\nAdditionally, the mention of labs being scheduled could also relate to diagnostics, but the key here is the dates themselves. The next sentence's concern about the pharmacy's timing shows that the dates are part of coordinating care, so maybe carecoordination? Wait, the Sub-code for InfoGive's carecoordination is about organizing services. But the specific dates are more about scheduling appointments. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so maybe Diagnostics as a Sub-code? But the main point is the dates. Let me check the definitions again.\\n\\nInfoGive's SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for seeing a provider. The labs are a diagnostic test, so the part about labs being scheduled might fall under Diagnostics. But the main action here is providing the dates, so SchedulingAppt is the primary Sub-code here. The labs are part of the diagnostic process, so maybe that's a separate Sub-code. Let me parse the sentence again.\\n\\nThe first part: \\\"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" – this is about the timeline of their treatment, possibly part of care coordination. The second part in parentheses mentions labs scheduled on another date. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so that's Diagnostics. So two Sub-codes here: SchedulingAppt for the dates, and Diagnostics for the labs.\\n\\nWait, but the labs are scheduled, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. But the labs themselves are a diagnostic test. So the mention of labs being scheduled could be both SchedulingAppt and Diagnostics. However, the Sub-code for SchedulingAppt is about the dates, while Diagnostics is about the procedure. So the span \\\"my labs are scheduled\\\" would be SchedulingAppt, and \\\"labs\\\" might relate to Diagnostics. Hmm, but the exact Sub-code definitions need to be considered.\\n\\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is providing information about scheduling, so the main Code is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The part about labs being scheduled is part of that. The Diagnostics Sub-code would be if they were talking about the results or the need for the test, but here it's just the scheduling. So maybe just SchedulingAppt.\\n\\nWait, the next sentence is about the pharmacy's delivery timing, so the current sentence's dates are part of coordinating the care timeline. The labs are a diagnostic part of their care, so maybe the mention of labs being scheduled is under Diagnostics. But the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the process of identifying a disease through tests. The scheduling of the test is part of SchedulingAppt. So the labs' scheduling is SchedulingAppt, and the fact that they are labs (diagnostics) might not need a separate code unless the focus is on the test itself. Since the current sentence is about when things are happening, the primary codes are SchedulingAppt.\\n\\nTherefore, the spans would be \\\"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and \\\"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" both under SchedulingAppt. But the entire sentence's main point is providing dates, so the entire sentence's key parts are about scheduling. Therefore, the Code-Subcode pairs would be InfoGive with SchedulingAppt for the dates mentioned. Additionally, the mention of labs could also be under Diagnostics, but the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the diagnostic process, not the scheduling. So maybe only SchedulingAppt here.\\n\\nWait, the labs are a diagnostic procedure, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. The fact that they are labs (a diagnostic test) might not add another Sub-code unless the focus is on the diagnostic aspect. Since the sentence is about when they're happening, the main Sub-code is SchedulingAppt. So the spans would be the parts with the dates. The first part \\\"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and the parenthetical \\\"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":91,"cells":{"doc_id":{"kind":"number","value":91,"string":"91"},"doc":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"query\": \"## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\\n Current sentence: The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\\n Next sentence: Please advise.\\n\\nOUTPUT:\",\n \"answer\": \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Drugs\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule\\\"}]}\"\n}"},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule\"}]}"},"arguments":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"gen_args_0\": {\n \"arg_0\": \"<|im_start|>user\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: None\\n Current sentence: Hi Paperwork was completed last week, but awaiting Dr. Person1's signature.\\n Next sentence: I have asked Person2 to send it as soon as it is signed.\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipProvider\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"salutation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hi\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"carecoordination\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Paperwork was completed last week, but awaiting Dr. Person1's signature\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: Hopefully you got the report by now.\\n Current sentence: Please let me know.\\n Next sentence: Thank you.\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"activeParticipation/involvement\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Please let me know\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\\n Current sentence: The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\\n Next sentence: Please advise.\\n\\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\\n<|im_start|>assistant\\n<think>\\n\",\n \"arg_1\": {\n \"until\": [\n \"JSON_END\"\n ],\n \"do_sample\": false,\n \"temperature\": 0,\n \"max_gen_toks\": 1024\n }\n }\n}"},"resps":{"kind":"list like","value":[["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" from the patient. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions the patient finishing their week off on a specific date and labs scheduled. The current sentence is a question about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same. The next sentence is \"Please advise,\" which shows the patient is seeking guidance.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the main focus here is on the patient seeking information. The question is about medication delivery timing, which relates to healthcare access and quality. Specifically, the subcode under InfoSeekSDOH could be HealthCareAccessAndQuality since it's about accessing necessary medications. \n\nAlternatively, since the patient is asking about medication delivery, maybe InfoSeek's Drugs subcode is relevant. But the key here is the timing and logistics, which might fall under HealthcareAccessAndQuality as it's about the effectiveness of receiving care (meds delivered on time). \n\nAlso, the patient is expressing a concern about the schedule affecting their medication delivery. This could also touch on Socioemotional/Empathy, like ExpressConcern/unease. But the primary intent here is seeking information to resolve an issue, so InfoSeekSDOH seems more accurate. \n\nChecking the subcodes again: InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode includes aspects like access to medications. The mention of the pharmacy not having time suggests a problem with accessing the medication, so that fits. \n\nAnother angle: The patient is questioning the current schedule's impact on medication delivery. This is seeking information about healthcare access, so the code would be InfoSeekSDOH with subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \n\nThe span here would be \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" but since we need the minimal span, maybe \"pharmacy...meds delivered\" but the exact wording? The entire sentence is a question, so the key part is about the pharmacy's timing affecting meds. \n\nAlternatively, the core is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\" which is the main concern. But the exact span should be the minimal part that triggers the code. \n\nWait, the entire sentence is a question about the schedule's impact on medication delivery. The key elements are \"pharmacy\", \"meds delivered\", and \"schedule\". The subcode under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality would fit because it's about the ability to obtain necessary medications. \n\nSo the code is InfoSeekSDOH, subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span would be \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule\". But maybe the minimal span is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\" as that's the core issue. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is the question, so the span is the entire sentence. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nThe subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoSeekSDOH includes seeking info about access to medications. The patient is asking if the current schedule allows the pharmacy to deliver meds in time. So the span should capture that concern. \n\nTherefore, the Code-Subcode pair is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" \n\nWait, but the next sentence is \"Please advise,\" which is a request for guidance, but the current sentence is the question. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek's Drugs subcode, since it's about medications. Let me check the subcodes again. \n\nInfoSeek's Drugs subcode is about seeking info on drugs. The question is about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds, which is about access to the drug. So maybe that's better under InfoSeek's Drugs subcode. \n\nHmm, the definition for InfoSeek's Drugs is seeking info about substances used for treatment. The patient is concerned about the delivery timing affecting access to their meds. So that's about access to the drug, which could be under either. \n\nThe HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode under InfoSeekSDOH includes \"Health Access\" as a focus. Since the patient is worried about the pharmacy's ability to deliver (access), that might fit better under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \n\nAlternatively, if the main issue is the medication itself, then InfoSeek's Drugs. But the problem is the timing and delivery, which is part of accessing the medication. \n\nI think the best fit is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality because it's about the system's ability to provide the medication in a timely manner, which is part of healthcare access. \n\nSo the final answer would be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \""]],"string":"[\n [\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \\\"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\\\" from the patient. \\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions the patient finishing their week off on a specific date and labs scheduled. The current sentence is a question about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same. The next sentence is \\\"Please advise,\\\" which shows the patient is seeking guidance.\\n\\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the main focus here is on the patient seeking information. The question is about medication delivery timing, which relates to healthcare access and quality. Specifically, the subcode under InfoSeekSDOH could be HealthCareAccessAndQuality since it's about accessing necessary medications. \\n\\nAlternatively, since the patient is asking about medication delivery, maybe InfoSeek's Drugs subcode is relevant. But the key here is the timing and logistics, which might fall under HealthcareAccessAndQuality as it's about the effectiveness of receiving care (meds delivered on time). \\n\\nAlso, the patient is expressing a concern about the schedule affecting their medication delivery. This could also touch on Socioemotional/Empathy, like ExpressConcern/unease. But the primary intent here is seeking information to resolve an issue, so InfoSeekSDOH seems more accurate. \\n\\nChecking the subcodes again: InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode includes aspects like access to medications. The mention of the pharmacy not having time suggests a problem with accessing the medication, so that fits. \\n\\nAnother angle: The patient is questioning the current schedule's impact on medication delivery. This is seeking information about healthcare access, so the code would be InfoSeekSDOH with subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \\n\\nThe span here would be \\\"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\\\" but since we need the minimal span, maybe \\\"pharmacy...meds delivered\\\" but the exact wording? The entire sentence is a question, so the key part is about the pharmacy's timing affecting meds. \\n\\nAlternatively, the core is \\\"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\\\" which is the main concern. But the exact span should be the minimal part that triggers the code. \\n\\nWait, the entire sentence is a question about the schedule's impact on medication delivery. The key elements are \\\"pharmacy\\\", \\\"meds delivered\\\", and \\\"schedule\\\". The subcode under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality would fit because it's about the ability to obtain necessary medications. \\n\\nSo the code is InfoSeekSDOH, subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span would be \\\"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule\\\". But maybe the minimal span is \\\"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\\\" as that's the core issue. \\n\\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is the question, so the span is the entire sentence. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me check the definitions again. \\n\\nThe subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoSeekSDOH includes seeking info about access to medications. The patient is asking if the current schedule allows the pharmacy to deliver meds in time. So the span should capture that concern. \\n\\nTherefore, the Code-Subcode pair is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span is \\\"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\\\" \\n\\nWait, but the next sentence is \\\"Please advise,\\\" which is a request for guidance, but the current sentence is the question. \\n\\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek's Drugs subcode, since it's about medications. Let me check the subcodes again. \\n\\nInfoSeek's Drugs subcode is about seeking info on drugs. The question is about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds, which is about access to the drug. So maybe that's better under InfoSeek's Drugs subcode. \\n\\nHmm, the definition for InfoSeek's Drugs is seeking info about substances used for treatment. The patient is concerned about the delivery timing affecting access to their meds. So that's about access to the drug, which could be under either. \\n\\nThe HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode under InfoSeekSDOH includes \\\"Health Access\\\" as a focus. Since the patient is worried about the pharmacy's ability to deliver (access), that might fit better under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \\n\\nAlternatively, if the main issue is the medication itself, then InfoSeek's Drugs. But the problem is the timing and delivery, which is part of accessing the medication. \\n\\nI think the best fit is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality because it's about the system's ability to provide the medication in a timely manner, which is part of healthcare access. \\n\\nSo the final answer would be:\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"\"\n ]\n]"},"filtered_resps":{"kind":"list like","value":["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" from the patient. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions the patient finishing their week off on a specific date and labs scheduled. The current sentence is a question about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same. The next sentence is \"Please advise,\" which shows the patient is seeking guidance.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the main focus here is on the patient seeking information. The question is about medication delivery timing, which relates to healthcare access and quality. Specifically, the subcode under InfoSeekSDOH could be HealthCareAccessAndQuality since it's about accessing necessary medications. \n\nAlternatively, since the patient is asking about medication delivery, maybe InfoSeek's Drugs subcode is relevant. But the key here is the timing and logistics, which might fall under HealthcareAccessAndQuality as it's about the effectiveness of receiving care (meds delivered on time). \n\nAlso, the patient is expressing a concern about the schedule affecting their medication delivery. This could also touch on Socioemotional/Empathy, like ExpressConcern/unease. But the primary intent here is seeking information to resolve an issue, so InfoSeekSDOH seems more accurate. \n\nChecking the subcodes again: InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode includes aspects like access to medications. The mention of the pharmacy not having time suggests a problem with accessing the medication, so that fits. \n\nAnother angle: The patient is questioning the current schedule's impact on medication delivery. This is seeking information about healthcare access, so the code would be InfoSeekSDOH with subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \n\nThe span here would be \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" but since we need the minimal span, maybe \"pharmacy...meds delivered\" but the exact wording? The entire sentence is a question, so the key part is about the pharmacy's timing affecting meds. \n\nAlternatively, the core is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\" which is the main concern. But the exact span should be the minimal part that triggers the code. \n\nWait, the entire sentence is a question about the schedule's impact on medication delivery. The key elements are \"pharmacy\", \"meds delivered\", and \"schedule\". The subcode under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality would fit because it's about the ability to obtain necessary medications. \n\nSo the code is InfoSeekSDOH, subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span would be \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule\". But maybe the minimal span is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\" as that's the core issue. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is the question, so the span is the entire sentence. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nThe subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoSeekSDOH includes seeking info about access to medications. The patient is asking if the current schedule allows the pharmacy to deliver meds in time. So the span should capture that concern. \n\nTherefore, the Code-Subcode pair is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" \n\nWait, but the next sentence is \"Please advise,\" which is a request for guidance, but the current sentence is the question. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek's Drugs subcode, since it's about medications. Let me check the subcodes again. \n\nInfoSeek's Drugs subcode is about seeking info on drugs. The question is about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds, which is about access to the drug. So maybe that's better under InfoSeek's Drugs subcode. \n\nHmm, the definition for InfoSeek's Drugs is seeking info about substances used for treatment. The patient is concerned about the delivery timing affecting access to their meds. So that's about access to the drug, which could be under either. \n\nThe HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode under InfoSeekSDOH includes \"Health Access\" as a focus. Since the patient is worried about the pharmacy's ability to deliver (access), that might fit better under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \n\nAlternatively, if the main issue is the medication itself, then InfoSeek's Drugs. But the problem is the timing and delivery, which is part of accessing the medication. \n\nI think the best fit is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality because it's about the system's ability to provide the medication in a timely manner, which is part of healthcare access. \n\nSo the final answer would be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \""],"string":"[\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \\\"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\\\" from the patient. \\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions the patient finishing their week off on a specific date and labs scheduled. The current sentence is a question about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same. The next sentence is \\\"Please advise,\\\" which shows the patient is seeking guidance.\\n\\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the main focus here is on the patient seeking information. The question is about medication delivery timing, which relates to healthcare access and quality. Specifically, the subcode under InfoSeekSDOH could be HealthCareAccessAndQuality since it's about accessing necessary medications. \\n\\nAlternatively, since the patient is asking about medication delivery, maybe InfoSeek's Drugs subcode is relevant. But the key here is the timing and logistics, which might fall under HealthcareAccessAndQuality as it's about the effectiveness of receiving care (meds delivered on time). \\n\\nAlso, the patient is expressing a concern about the schedule affecting their medication delivery. This could also touch on Socioemotional/Empathy, like ExpressConcern/unease. But the primary intent here is seeking information to resolve an issue, so InfoSeekSDOH seems more accurate. \\n\\nChecking the subcodes again: InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode includes aspects like access to medications. The mention of the pharmacy not having time suggests a problem with accessing the medication, so that fits. \\n\\nAnother angle: The patient is questioning the current schedule's impact on medication delivery. This is seeking information about healthcare access, so the code would be InfoSeekSDOH with subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \\n\\nThe span here would be \\\"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\\\" but since we need the minimal span, maybe \\\"pharmacy...meds delivered\\\" but the exact wording? The entire sentence is a question, so the key part is about the pharmacy's timing affecting meds. \\n\\nAlternatively, the core is \\\"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\\\" which is the main concern. But the exact span should be the minimal part that triggers the code. \\n\\nWait, the entire sentence is a question about the schedule's impact on medication delivery. The key elements are \\\"pharmacy\\\", \\\"meds delivered\\\", and \\\"schedule\\\". The subcode under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality would fit because it's about the ability to obtain necessary medications. \\n\\nSo the code is InfoSeekSDOH, subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span would be \\\"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule\\\". But maybe the minimal span is \\\"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\\\" as that's the core issue. \\n\\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is the question, so the span is the entire sentence. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me check the definitions again. \\n\\nThe subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoSeekSDOH includes seeking info about access to medications. The patient is asking if the current schedule allows the pharmacy to deliver meds in time. So the span should capture that concern. \\n\\nTherefore, the Code-Subcode pair is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span is \\\"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\\\" \\n\\nWait, but the next sentence is \\\"Please advise,\\\" which is a request for guidance, but the current sentence is the question. \\n\\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek's Drugs subcode, since it's about medications. Let me check the subcodes again. \\n\\nInfoSeek's Drugs subcode is about seeking info on drugs. The question is about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds, which is about access to the drug. So maybe that's better under InfoSeek's Drugs subcode. \\n\\nHmm, the definition for InfoSeek's Drugs is seeking info about substances used for treatment. The patient is concerned about the delivery timing affecting access to their meds. So that's about access to the drug, which could be under either. \\n\\nThe HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode under InfoSeekSDOH includes \\\"Health Access\\\" as a focus. Since the patient is worried about the pharmacy's ability to deliver (access), that might fit better under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \\n\\nAlternatively, if the main issue is the medication itself, then InfoSeek's Drugs. But the problem is the timing and delivery, which is part of accessing the medication. \\n\\nI think the best fit is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality because it's about the system's ability to provide the medication in a timely manner, which is part of healthcare access. \\n\\nSo the final answer would be:\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"\"\n]"},"filter":{"kind":"string","value":"none"},"metrics":{"kind":"list like","value":["evaluate_eppc"],"string":"[\n \"evaluate_eppc\"\n]"},"doc_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"0bcd5caf651efb91d225deacfc41f5029a95e5314324b01bf3c604d39b60407a"},"prompt_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"e291ac78b3be1912b221d0f55235cca736fa280c46121719cdd8d84293baf353"},"target_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"54eba9f669632dfc70f55c30bcb39a9271ebd2dadfff2f57a420f16c1a5630be"},"evaluate_eppc":{"kind":"list like","value":["{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule\"}]}","Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" from the patient. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions the patient finishing their week off on a specific date and labs scheduled. The current sentence is a question about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same. The next sentence is \"Please advise,\" which shows the patient is seeking guidance.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the main focus here is on the patient seeking information. The question is about medication delivery timing, which relates to healthcare access and quality. Specifically, the subcode under InfoSeekSDOH could be HealthCareAccessAndQuality since it's about accessing necessary medications. \n\nAlternatively, since the patient is asking about medication delivery, maybe InfoSeek's Drugs subcode is relevant. But the key here is the timing and logistics, which might fall under HealthcareAccessAndQuality as it's about the effectiveness of receiving care (meds delivered on time). \n\nAlso, the patient is expressing a concern about the schedule affecting their medication delivery. This could also touch on Socioemotional/Empathy, like ExpressConcern/unease. But the primary intent here is seeking information to resolve an issue, so InfoSeekSDOH seems more accurate. \n\nChecking the subcodes again: InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode includes aspects like access to medications. The mention of the pharmacy not having time suggests a problem with accessing the medication, so that fits. \n\nAnother angle: The patient is questioning the current schedule's impact on medication delivery. This is seeking information about healthcare access, so the code would be InfoSeekSDOH with subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \n\nThe span here would be \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" but since we need the minimal span, maybe \"pharmacy...meds delivered\" but the exact wording? The entire sentence is a question, so the key part is about the pharmacy's timing affecting meds. \n\nAlternatively, the core is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\" which is the main concern. But the exact span should be the minimal part that triggers the code. \n\nWait, the entire sentence is a question about the schedule's impact on medication delivery. The key elements are \"pharmacy\", \"meds delivered\", and \"schedule\". The subcode under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality would fit because it's about the ability to obtain necessary medications. \n\nSo the code is InfoSeekSDOH, subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span would be \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule\". But maybe the minimal span is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\" as that's the core issue. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is the question, so the span is the entire sentence. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nThe subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoSeekSDOH includes seeking info about access to medications. The patient is asking if the current schedule allows the pharmacy to deliver meds in time. So the span should capture that concern. \n\nTherefore, the Code-Subcode pair is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" \n\nWait, but the next sentence is \"Please advise,\" which is a request for guidance, but the current sentence is the question. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek's Drugs subcode, since it's about medications. Let me check the subcodes again. \n\nInfoSeek's Drugs subcode is about seeking info on drugs. The question is about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds, which is about access to the drug. So maybe that's better under InfoSeek's Drugs subcode. \n\nHmm, the definition for InfoSeek's Drugs is seeking info about substances used for treatment. The patient is concerned about the delivery timing affecting access to their meds. So that's about access to the drug, which could be under either. \n\nThe HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode under InfoSeekSDOH includes \"Health Access\" as a focus. Since the patient is worried about the pharmacy's ability to deliver (access), that might fit better under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \n\nAlternatively, if the main issue is the medication itself, then InfoSeek's Drugs. But the problem is the timing and delivery, which is part of accessing the medication. \n\nI think the best fit is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality because it's about the system's ability to provide the medication in a timely manner, which is part of healthcare access. \n\nSo the final answer would be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \""],"string":"[\n \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Drugs\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule\\\"}]}\",\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \\\"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\\\" from the patient. \\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions the patient finishing their week off on a specific date and labs scheduled. The current sentence is a question about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same. The next sentence is \\\"Please advise,\\\" which shows the patient is seeking guidance.\\n\\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the main focus here is on the patient seeking information. The question is about medication delivery timing, which relates to healthcare access and quality. Specifically, the subcode under InfoSeekSDOH could be HealthCareAccessAndQuality since it's about accessing necessary medications. \\n\\nAlternatively, since the patient is asking about medication delivery, maybe InfoSeek's Drugs subcode is relevant. But the key here is the timing and logistics, which might fall under HealthcareAccessAndQuality as it's about the effectiveness of receiving care (meds delivered on time). \\n\\nAlso, the patient is expressing a concern about the schedule affecting their medication delivery. This could also touch on Socioemotional/Empathy, like ExpressConcern/unease. But the primary intent here is seeking information to resolve an issue, so InfoSeekSDOH seems more accurate. \\n\\nChecking the subcodes again: InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode includes aspects like access to medications. The mention of the pharmacy not having time suggests a problem with accessing the medication, so that fits. \\n\\nAnother angle: The patient is questioning the current schedule's impact on medication delivery. This is seeking information about healthcare access, so the code would be InfoSeekSDOH with subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \\n\\nThe span here would be \\\"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\\\" but since we need the minimal span, maybe \\\"pharmacy...meds delivered\\\" but the exact wording? The entire sentence is a question, so the key part is about the pharmacy's timing affecting meds. \\n\\nAlternatively, the core is \\\"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\\\" which is the main concern. But the exact span should be the minimal part that triggers the code. \\n\\nWait, the entire sentence is a question about the schedule's impact on medication delivery. The key elements are \\\"pharmacy\\\", \\\"meds delivered\\\", and \\\"schedule\\\". The subcode under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality would fit because it's about the ability to obtain necessary medications. \\n\\nSo the code is InfoSeekSDOH, subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span would be \\\"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule\\\". But maybe the minimal span is \\\"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\\\" as that's the core issue. \\n\\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is the question, so the span is the entire sentence. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me check the definitions again. \\n\\nThe subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoSeekSDOH includes seeking info about access to medications. The patient is asking if the current schedule allows the pharmacy to deliver meds in time. So the span should capture that concern. \\n\\nTherefore, the Code-Subcode pair is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span is \\\"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\\\" \\n\\nWait, but the next sentence is \\\"Please advise,\\\" which is a request for guidance, but the current sentence is the question. \\n\\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek's Drugs subcode, since it's about medications. Let me check the subcodes again. \\n\\nInfoSeek's Drugs subcode is about seeking info on drugs. The question is about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds, which is about access to the drug. So maybe that's better under InfoSeek's Drugs subcode. \\n\\nHmm, the definition for InfoSeek's Drugs is seeking info about substances used for treatment. The patient is concerned about the delivery timing affecting access to their meds. So that's about access to the drug, which could be under either. \\n\\nThe HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode under InfoSeekSDOH includes \\\"Health Access\\\" as a focus. Since the patient is worried about the pharmacy's ability to deliver (access), that might fit better under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \\n\\nAlternatively, if the main issue is the medication itself, then InfoSeek's Drugs. But the problem is the timing and delivery, which is part of accessing the medication. \\n\\nI think the best fit is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality because it's about the system's ability to provide the medication in a timely manner, which is part of healthcare access. \\n\\nSo the final answer would be:\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":92,"cells":{"doc_id":{"kind":"number","value":92,"string":"92"},"doc":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"query\": \"## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\\n Current sentence: Please advise.\\n Next sentence: Thank you very much\\n\\nOUTPUT:\",\n \"answer\": \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Generalinformation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Please advise\\\"}]}\"\n}"},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise\"}]}"},"arguments":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"gen_args_0\": {\n \"arg_0\": \"<|im_start|>user\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: At this point of time can I please ask you to set up a virtual call with Dr Person2 as I want to Person3 with her re next steps in light of Dr Person4 recommendation.\\n Current sentence: So no need to schedule anything besides the call with Dr Person2 Thank you for your help Best\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"So no need to schedule anything besides the call with Dr Person2\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Appreciation/Gratitude\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Thank you for your help\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"signoff\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Best\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: As of right now nationwide it is still being given to healthcare professionals first.\\n Current sentence: We are thinking it will be available at major pharmacies first though.\\n Next sentence: As we have more information we will update everyone.\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Generalinformation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"We are thinking it will be available at major pharmacies first though\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\\n Current sentence: Please advise.\\n Next sentence: Thank you very much\\n\\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\\n<|im_start|>assistant\\n<think>\\n\",\n \"arg_1\": {\n \"until\": [\n \"JSON_END\"\n ],\n \"do_sample\": false,\n \"temperature\": 0,\n \"max_gen_toks\": 1024\n }\n }\n}"},"resps":{"kind":"list like","value":[["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Please advise.\" with the previous sentence being a concern about the pharmacy's schedule and the next sentence expressing thanks.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is worried that the current schedule won't allow the pharmacy enough time to deliver their medications. The next sentence is a thank you, so \"Please advise\" is in the middle of expressing a problem and showing gratitude.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The task is to find which codes and subcodes apply here. Let's start with the current sentence: \"Please advise.\" This sounds like the patient is asking for guidance or information. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking knowledge. The subcodes under InfoSeek include things like SchedulingAppt, Drugs, Generalinformation, etc. Since the patient is asking for advice on their medication delivery issue, which relates to scheduling or perhaps drugs, but \"please advise\" is a general request for information. \n\nThe subcode Generalinformation under InfoSeek fits here because the patient is seeking general guidance rather than specific drug info or appointment times. The span here is \"Please advise.\"\n\nNext, the next sentence is \"Thank you very much,\" which is an expression of gratitude. But the current sentence is \"Please advise,\" so the gratitude is in the next sentence. However, the current sentence itself doesn't include gratitude. \n\nLooking at PartnershipPatient's subcodes, Appreciation/Gratitude would be for the next sentence, but since we're only considering the current sentence, that's not part of this analysis. \n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient's \"expressOpinions\" or \"activeParticipation,\" but \"please advise\" is more of a request for information rather than expressing an opinion. \n\nAlternatively, under SharedDecisionPatient, \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for permission, but here it's more about seeking advice. \n\nSo the main code here is InfoSeek with the subcode Generalinformation. The span is \"Please advise.\"\n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. For example, if the advice is specifically about scheduling, but the previous sentence mentions the pharmacy's schedule, but the current sentence is a general request. Since the patient is seeking advice on the situation, which involves scheduling, maybe SchedulingAppt? But \"please advise\" is too general. The subcode Generalinformation is better here because it's a broad request for guidance. \n\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoSeek-Generalinformation with the span \"Please advise.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise.\"}]}"]],"string":"[\n [\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \\\"Please advise.\\\" with the previous sentence being a concern about the pharmacy's schedule and the next sentence expressing thanks.\\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is worried that the current schedule won't allow the pharmacy enough time to deliver their medications. The next sentence is a thank you, so \\\"Please advise\\\" is in the middle of expressing a problem and showing gratitude.\\n\\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The task is to find which codes and subcodes apply here. Let's start with the current sentence: \\\"Please advise.\\\" This sounds like the patient is asking for guidance or information. \\n\\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking knowledge. The subcodes under InfoSeek include things like SchedulingAppt, Drugs, Generalinformation, etc. Since the patient is asking for advice on their medication delivery issue, which relates to scheduling or perhaps drugs, but \\\"please advise\\\" is a general request for information. \\n\\nThe subcode Generalinformation under InfoSeek fits here because the patient is seeking general guidance rather than specific drug info or appointment times. The span here is \\\"Please advise.\\\"\\n\\nNext, the next sentence is \\\"Thank you very much,\\\" which is an expression of gratitude. But the current sentence is \\\"Please advise,\\\" so the gratitude is in the next sentence. However, the current sentence itself doesn't include gratitude. \\n\\nLooking at PartnershipPatient's subcodes, Appreciation/Gratitude would be for the next sentence, but since we're only considering the current sentence, that's not part of this analysis. \\n\\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient's \\\"expressOpinions\\\" or \\\"activeParticipation,\\\" but \\\"please advise\\\" is more of a request for information rather than expressing an opinion. \\n\\nAlternatively, under SharedDecisionPatient, \\\"SeekingApproval\\\" is when the patient asks for permission, but here it's more about seeking advice. \\n\\nSo the main code here is InfoSeek with the subcode Generalinformation. The span is \\\"Please advise.\\\"\\n\\nI should check if there are other possible codes. For example, if the advice is specifically about scheduling, but the previous sentence mentions the pharmacy's schedule, but the current sentence is a general request. Since the patient is seeking advice on the situation, which involves scheduling, maybe SchedulingAppt? But \\\"please advise\\\" is too general. The subcode Generalinformation is better here because it's a broad request for guidance. \\n\\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoSeek-Generalinformation with the span \\\"Please advise.\\\"\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Generalinformation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Please advise.\\\"}]}\"\n ]\n]"},"filtered_resps":{"kind":"list like","value":["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Please advise.\" with the previous sentence being a concern about the pharmacy's schedule and the next sentence expressing thanks.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is worried that the current schedule won't allow the pharmacy enough time to deliver their medications. The next sentence is a thank you, so \"Please advise\" is in the middle of expressing a problem and showing gratitude.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The task is to find which codes and subcodes apply here. Let's start with the current sentence: \"Please advise.\" This sounds like the patient is asking for guidance or information. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking knowledge. The subcodes under InfoSeek include things like SchedulingAppt, Drugs, Generalinformation, etc. Since the patient is asking for advice on their medication delivery issue, which relates to scheduling or perhaps drugs, but \"please advise\" is a general request for information. \n\nThe subcode Generalinformation under InfoSeek fits here because the patient is seeking general guidance rather than specific drug info or appointment times. The span here is \"Please advise.\"\n\nNext, the next sentence is \"Thank you very much,\" which is an expression of gratitude. But the current sentence is \"Please advise,\" so the gratitude is in the next sentence. However, the current sentence itself doesn't include gratitude. \n\nLooking at PartnershipPatient's subcodes, Appreciation/Gratitude would be for the next sentence, but since we're only considering the current sentence, that's not part of this analysis. \n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient's \"expressOpinions\" or \"activeParticipation,\" but \"please advise\" is more of a request for information rather than expressing an opinion. \n\nAlternatively, under SharedDecisionPatient, \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for permission, but here it's more about seeking advice. \n\nSo the main code here is InfoSeek with the subcode Generalinformation. The span is \"Please advise.\"\n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. For example, if the advice is specifically about scheduling, but the previous sentence mentions the pharmacy's schedule, but the current sentence is a general request. Since the patient is seeking advice on the situation, which involves scheduling, maybe SchedulingAppt? But \"please advise\" is too general. The subcode Generalinformation is better here because it's a broad request for guidance. \n\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoSeek-Generalinformation with the span \"Please advise.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise.\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \\\"Please advise.\\\" with the previous sentence being a concern about the pharmacy's schedule and the next sentence expressing thanks.\\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is worried that the current schedule won't allow the pharmacy enough time to deliver their medications. The next sentence is a thank you, so \\\"Please advise\\\" is in the middle of expressing a problem and showing gratitude.\\n\\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The task is to find which codes and subcodes apply here. Let's start with the current sentence: \\\"Please advise.\\\" This sounds like the patient is asking for guidance or information. \\n\\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking knowledge. The subcodes under InfoSeek include things like SchedulingAppt, Drugs, Generalinformation, etc. Since the patient is asking for advice on their medication delivery issue, which relates to scheduling or perhaps drugs, but \\\"please advise\\\" is a general request for information. \\n\\nThe subcode Generalinformation under InfoSeek fits here because the patient is seeking general guidance rather than specific drug info or appointment times. The span here is \\\"Please advise.\\\"\\n\\nNext, the next sentence is \\\"Thank you very much,\\\" which is an expression of gratitude. But the current sentence is \\\"Please advise,\\\" so the gratitude is in the next sentence. However, the current sentence itself doesn't include gratitude. \\n\\nLooking at PartnershipPatient's subcodes, Appreciation/Gratitude would be for the next sentence, but since we're only considering the current sentence, that's not part of this analysis. \\n\\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient's \\\"expressOpinions\\\" or \\\"activeParticipation,\\\" but \\\"please advise\\\" is more of a request for information rather than expressing an opinion. \\n\\nAlternatively, under SharedDecisionPatient, \\\"SeekingApproval\\\" is when the patient asks for permission, but here it's more about seeking advice. \\n\\nSo the main code here is InfoSeek with the subcode Generalinformation. The span is \\\"Please advise.\\\"\\n\\nI should check if there are other possible codes. For example, if the advice is specifically about scheduling, but the previous sentence mentions the pharmacy's schedule, but the current sentence is a general request. Since the patient is seeking advice on the situation, which involves scheduling, maybe SchedulingAppt? But \\\"please advise\\\" is too general. The subcode Generalinformation is better here because it's a broad request for guidance. \\n\\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoSeek-Generalinformation with the span \\\"Please advise.\\\"\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Generalinformation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Please advise.\\\"}]}\"\n]"},"filter":{"kind":"string","value":"none"},"metrics":{"kind":"list like","value":["evaluate_eppc"],"string":"[\n \"evaluate_eppc\"\n]"},"doc_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"d33e9201da77f432293e160098ad97667ad5b61e15f16284e9b1a6355b574f79"},"prompt_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"c665c713c783d82262f7d7a03d240bab008e4c0481236d5926a907a6e9f42c54"},"target_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"f266d52ae8128614fea291bcafc495727fd72257f2bf3825879afd728151c4a4"},"evaluate_eppc":{"kind":"list like","value":["{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise\"}]}","Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Please advise.\" with the previous sentence being a concern about the pharmacy's schedule and the next sentence expressing thanks.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is worried that the current schedule won't allow the pharmacy enough time to deliver their medications. The next sentence is a thank you, so \"Please advise\" is in the middle of expressing a problem and showing gratitude.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The task is to find which codes and subcodes apply here. Let's start with the current sentence: \"Please advise.\" This sounds like the patient is asking for guidance or information. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking knowledge. The subcodes under InfoSeek include things like SchedulingAppt, Drugs, Generalinformation, etc. Since the patient is asking for advice on their medication delivery issue, which relates to scheduling or perhaps drugs, but \"please advise\" is a general request for information. \n\nThe subcode Generalinformation under InfoSeek fits here because the patient is seeking general guidance rather than specific drug info or appointment times. The span here is \"Please advise.\"\n\nNext, the next sentence is \"Thank you very much,\" which is an expression of gratitude. But the current sentence is \"Please advise,\" so the gratitude is in the next sentence. However, the current sentence itself doesn't include gratitude. \n\nLooking at PartnershipPatient's subcodes, Appreciation/Gratitude would be for the next sentence, but since we're only considering the current sentence, that's not part of this analysis. \n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient's \"expressOpinions\" or \"activeParticipation,\" but \"please advise\" is more of a request for information rather than expressing an opinion. \n\nAlternatively, under SharedDecisionPatient, \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for permission, but here it's more about seeking advice. \n\nSo the main code here is InfoSeek with the subcode Generalinformation. The span is \"Please advise.\"\n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. For example, if the advice is specifically about scheduling, but the previous sentence mentions the pharmacy's schedule, but the current sentence is a general request. Since the patient is seeking advice on the situation, which involves scheduling, maybe SchedulingAppt? But \"please advise\" is too general. The subcode Generalinformation is better here because it's a broad request for guidance. \n\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoSeek-Generalinformation with the span \"Please advise.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise.\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Generalinformation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Please advise\\\"}]}\",\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \\\"Please advise.\\\" with the previous sentence being a concern about the pharmacy's schedule and the next sentence expressing thanks.\\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is worried that the current schedule won't allow the pharmacy enough time to deliver their medications. The next sentence is a thank you, so \\\"Please advise\\\" is in the middle of expressing a problem and showing gratitude.\\n\\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The task is to find which codes and subcodes apply here. Let's start with the current sentence: \\\"Please advise.\\\" This sounds like the patient is asking for guidance or information. \\n\\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking knowledge. The subcodes under InfoSeek include things like SchedulingAppt, Drugs, Generalinformation, etc. Since the patient is asking for advice on their medication delivery issue, which relates to scheduling or perhaps drugs, but \\\"please advise\\\" is a general request for information. \\n\\nThe subcode Generalinformation under InfoSeek fits here because the patient is seeking general guidance rather than specific drug info or appointment times. The span here is \\\"Please advise.\\\"\\n\\nNext, the next sentence is \\\"Thank you very much,\\\" which is an expression of gratitude. But the current sentence is \\\"Please advise,\\\" so the gratitude is in the next sentence. However, the current sentence itself doesn't include gratitude. \\n\\nLooking at PartnershipPatient's subcodes, Appreciation/Gratitude would be for the next sentence, but since we're only considering the current sentence, that's not part of this analysis. \\n\\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient's \\\"expressOpinions\\\" or \\\"activeParticipation,\\\" but \\\"please advise\\\" is more of a request for information rather than expressing an opinion. \\n\\nAlternatively, under SharedDecisionPatient, \\\"SeekingApproval\\\" is when the patient asks for permission, but here it's more about seeking advice. \\n\\nSo the main code here is InfoSeek with the subcode Generalinformation. The span is \\\"Please advise.\\\"\\n\\nI should check if there are other possible codes. For example, if the advice is specifically about scheduling, but the previous sentence mentions the pharmacy's schedule, but the current sentence is a general request. Since the patient is seeking advice on the situation, which involves scheduling, maybe SchedulingAppt? But \\\"please advise\\\" is too general. The subcode Generalinformation is better here because it's a broad request for guidance. \\n\\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoSeek-Generalinformation with the span \\\"Please advise.\\\"\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Generalinformation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Please advise.\\\"}]}\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":93,"cells":{"doc_id":{"kind":"number","value":93,"string":"93"},"doc":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"query\": \"## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: Please advise.\\n Current sentence: Thank you very much\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT:\",\n \"answer\": \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"signoff\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Thank you very much\\\"}]}\"\n}"},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you very much\"}]}"},"arguments":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"gen_args_0\": {\n \"arg_0\": \"<|im_start|>user\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: None\\n Current sentence: Hi , My dad is on the 8th floor right now waiting for infusion #3.\\n Next sentence: We have an apt with Dr Person3 tmrw at 9:10.\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"salutation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hi\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: I don see it on my MyChart.\\n Current sentence: Thanks!\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"signoff\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Thanks!\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: Please advise.\\n Current sentence: Thank you very much\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\\n<|im_start|>assistant\\n<think>\\n\",\n \"arg_1\": {\n \"until\": [\n \"JSON_END\"\n ],\n \"do_sample\": false,\n \"temperature\": 0,\n \"max_gen_toks\": 1024\n }\n }\n}"},"resps":{"kind":"list like","value":[["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Thank you very much\" and it's the closing sentence since the next sentence is None. The previous sentence is \"Please advise,\" which seems like a request for information or guidance.\n\nFirst, I need to determine the relevant codes. The current sentence is an expression of gratitude. Looking at the codes related to partnership, specifically PartnershipPatient or PartnershipProvider. Since the patient is the one speaking, it's likely PartnershipPatient. \n\nLooking at the sub-codes for PartnershipPatient, there's \"Appreciation/Gratitude\" which fits here. The span is clearly \"Thank you very much.\" \n\nWait, but there's also the \"signoff\" sub-code. The definition says signoff is indicating the message is complete in a polite way. \"Thank you\" can serve both as appreciation and a polite closing. However, the instructions mention that \"salutation\" and \"signoff\" are about the start or end of the message. Since this is the closing sentence, \"signoff\" might also apply. But the primary intent here is expressing gratitude. \n\nThe Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code is under PartnershipPatient, so that's the main one. The \"signoff\" is more about ending the message, but \"Thank you\" is more about gratitude. So the correct pair is PartnershipPatient with Appreciation/Gratitude. \n\nI should check if there's any other code that might apply. InfoGive or InfoSeek don't fit here. Socioemotional/Empathy has PositiveRemarks, but that's more for acknowledging efforts, not general thanks. So the best fit is PartnershipPatient's Appreciation/Gratitude.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you very much\"}]}"]],"string":"[\n [\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \\\"Thank you very much\\\" and it's the closing sentence since the next sentence is None. The previous sentence is \\\"Please advise,\\\" which seems like a request for information or guidance.\\n\\nFirst, I need to determine the relevant codes. The current sentence is an expression of gratitude. Looking at the codes related to partnership, specifically PartnershipPatient or PartnershipProvider. Since the patient is the one speaking, it's likely PartnershipPatient. \\n\\nLooking at the sub-codes for PartnershipPatient, there's \\\"Appreciation/Gratitude\\\" which fits here. The span is clearly \\\"Thank you very much.\\\" \\n\\nWait, but there's also the \\\"signoff\\\" sub-code. The definition says signoff is indicating the message is complete in a polite way. \\\"Thank you\\\" can serve both as appreciation and a polite closing. However, the instructions mention that \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"signoff\\\" are about the start or end of the message. Since this is the closing sentence, \\\"signoff\\\" might also apply. But the primary intent here is expressing gratitude. \\n\\nThe Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code is under PartnershipPatient, so that's the main one. The \\\"signoff\\\" is more about ending the message, but \\\"Thank you\\\" is more about gratitude. So the correct pair is PartnershipPatient with Appreciation/Gratitude. \\n\\nI should check if there's any other code that might apply. InfoGive or InfoSeek don't fit here. Socioemotional/Empathy has PositiveRemarks, but that's more for acknowledging efforts, not general thanks. So the best fit is PartnershipPatient's Appreciation/Gratitude.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Appreciation/Gratitude\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Thank you very much\\\"}]}\"\n ]\n]"},"filtered_resps":{"kind":"list like","value":["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Thank you very much\" and it's the closing sentence since the next sentence is None. The previous sentence is \"Please advise,\" which seems like a request for information or guidance.\n\nFirst, I need to determine the relevant codes. The current sentence is an expression of gratitude. Looking at the codes related to partnership, specifically PartnershipPatient or PartnershipProvider. Since the patient is the one speaking, it's likely PartnershipPatient. \n\nLooking at the sub-codes for PartnershipPatient, there's \"Appreciation/Gratitude\" which fits here. The span is clearly \"Thank you very much.\" \n\nWait, but there's also the \"signoff\" sub-code. The definition says signoff is indicating the message is complete in a polite way. \"Thank you\" can serve both as appreciation and a polite closing. However, the instructions mention that \"salutation\" and \"signoff\" are about the start or end of the message. Since this is the closing sentence, \"signoff\" might also apply. But the primary intent here is expressing gratitude. \n\nThe Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code is under PartnershipPatient, so that's the main one. The \"signoff\" is more about ending the message, but \"Thank you\" is more about gratitude. So the correct pair is PartnershipPatient with Appreciation/Gratitude. \n\nI should check if there's any other code that might apply. InfoGive or InfoSeek don't fit here. Socioemotional/Empathy has PositiveRemarks, but that's more for acknowledging efforts, not general thanks. So the best fit is PartnershipPatient's Appreciation/Gratitude.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you very much\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \\\"Thank you very much\\\" and it's the closing sentence since the next sentence is None. The previous sentence is \\\"Please advise,\\\" which seems like a request for information or guidance.\\n\\nFirst, I need to determine the relevant codes. The current sentence is an expression of gratitude. Looking at the codes related to partnership, specifically PartnershipPatient or PartnershipProvider. Since the patient is the one speaking, it's likely PartnershipPatient. \\n\\nLooking at the sub-codes for PartnershipPatient, there's \\\"Appreciation/Gratitude\\\" which fits here. The span is clearly \\\"Thank you very much.\\\" \\n\\nWait, but there's also the \\\"signoff\\\" sub-code. The definition says signoff is indicating the message is complete in a polite way. \\\"Thank you\\\" can serve both as appreciation and a polite closing. However, the instructions mention that \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"signoff\\\" are about the start or end of the message. Since this is the closing sentence, \\\"signoff\\\" might also apply. But the primary intent here is expressing gratitude. \\n\\nThe Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code is under PartnershipPatient, so that's the main one. The \\\"signoff\\\" is more about ending the message, but \\\"Thank you\\\" is more about gratitude. So the correct pair is PartnershipPatient with Appreciation/Gratitude. \\n\\nI should check if there's any other code that might apply. InfoGive or InfoSeek don't fit here. Socioemotional/Empathy has PositiveRemarks, but that's more for acknowledging efforts, not general thanks. So the best fit is PartnershipPatient's Appreciation/Gratitude.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Appreciation/Gratitude\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Thank you very much\\\"}]}\"\n]"},"filter":{"kind":"string","value":"none"},"metrics":{"kind":"list like","value":["evaluate_eppc"],"string":"[\n \"evaluate_eppc\"\n]"},"doc_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"6fa684bdfacc988e56df48322b86a97929bc64aadf8c9248d609fff8fd6999b1"},"prompt_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"863fa75db321f1a2400ea323f314dc9e463d54cec5a6c898c605a4127b539e9a"},"target_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"f5e1e84091a040fb6eb54468e9b7a75edec5910c35d9c522d0c5dd6b3c1a463a"},"evaluate_eppc":{"kind":"list like","value":["{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you very much\"}]}","Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Thank you very much\" and it's the closing sentence since the next sentence is None. The previous sentence is \"Please advise,\" which seems like a request for information or guidance.\n\nFirst, I need to determine the relevant codes. The current sentence is an expression of gratitude. Looking at the codes related to partnership, specifically PartnershipPatient or PartnershipProvider. Since the patient is the one speaking, it's likely PartnershipPatient. \n\nLooking at the sub-codes for PartnershipPatient, there's \"Appreciation/Gratitude\" which fits here. The span is clearly \"Thank you very much.\" \n\nWait, but there's also the \"signoff\" sub-code. The definition says signoff is indicating the message is complete in a polite way. \"Thank you\" can serve both as appreciation and a polite closing. However, the instructions mention that \"salutation\" and \"signoff\" are about the start or end of the message. Since this is the closing sentence, \"signoff\" might also apply. But the primary intent here is expressing gratitude. \n\nThe Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code is under PartnershipPatient, so that's the main one. The \"signoff\" is more about ending the message, but \"Thank you\" is more about gratitude. So the correct pair is PartnershipPatient with Appreciation/Gratitude. \n\nI should check if there's any other code that might apply. InfoGive or InfoSeek don't fit here. Socioemotional/Empathy has PositiveRemarks, but that's more for acknowledging efforts, not general thanks. So the best fit is PartnershipPatient's Appreciation/Gratitude.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you very much\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"signoff\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Thank you very much\\\"}]}\",\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \\\"Thank you very much\\\" and it's the closing sentence since the next sentence is None. The previous sentence is \\\"Please advise,\\\" which seems like a request for information or guidance.\\n\\nFirst, I need to determine the relevant codes. The current sentence is an expression of gratitude. Looking at the codes related to partnership, specifically PartnershipPatient or PartnershipProvider. Since the patient is the one speaking, it's likely PartnershipPatient. \\n\\nLooking at the sub-codes for PartnershipPatient, there's \\\"Appreciation/Gratitude\\\" which fits here. The span is clearly \\\"Thank you very much.\\\" \\n\\nWait, but there's also the \\\"signoff\\\" sub-code. The definition says signoff is indicating the message is complete in a polite way. \\\"Thank you\\\" can serve both as appreciation and a polite closing. However, the instructions mention that \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"signoff\\\" are about the start or end of the message. Since this is the closing sentence, \\\"signoff\\\" might also apply. But the primary intent here is expressing gratitude. \\n\\nThe Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code is under PartnershipPatient, so that's the main one. The \\\"signoff\\\" is more about ending the message, but \\\"Thank you\\\" is more about gratitude. So the correct pair is PartnershipPatient with Appreciation/Gratitude. \\n\\nI should check if there's any other code that might apply. InfoGive or InfoSeek don't fit here. Socioemotional/Empathy has PositiveRemarks, but that's more for acknowledging efforts, not general thanks. So the best fit is PartnershipPatient's Appreciation/Gratitude.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Appreciation/Gratitude\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Thank you very much\\\"}]}\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":94,"cells":{"doc_id":{"kind":"number","value":94,"string":"94"},"doc":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"query\": \"## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: None\\n Current sentence: Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\\n Next sentence: You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\\n\\nOUTPUT:\",\n \"answer\": \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipProvider\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"salutation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hello,\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Diagnostics\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work\\\"}]}\"\n}"},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello,\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work\"}]}"},"arguments":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"gen_args_0\": {\n \"arg_0\": \"<|im_start|>user\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: None\\n Current sentence: Dr Person1 a couple questions for insurance.\\n Next sentence: 1 is my cancer considered to be in remission?\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeekSDOH\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"a couple questions for insurance\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: None\\n Current sentence: Mr. Person1 I reviewed with Dr. Person2 continue with plan for surgery and to meet with them... thank you Person3\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"carecoordination\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"I reviewed with Dr. Person2 continue with plan for surgery and to meet with them\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipProvider\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"signoff\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"thank you\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: None\\n Current sentence: Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\\n Next sentence: You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\\n\\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\\n<|im_start|>assistant\\n<think>\\n\",\n \"arg_1\": {\n \"until\": [\n \"JSON_END\"\n ],\n \"do_sample\": false,\n \"temperature\": 0,\n \"max_gen_toks\": 1024\n }\n }\n}"},"resps":{"kind":"list like","value":[["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\" The provider is the one speaking here. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions lab work being drawn at specific locations before a visit. \n\nStarting with the first part: \"Hello,\". Since this is the opening sentence, \"Hello\" is likely a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipProvider has a sub-code called salutation, which fits here because the provider is greeting the patient.\n\nNext, the main part: \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\" This seems like providing information about lab work orders. The Epic system is an EHR, so this is part of care coordination. The InfoGive code's sub-code carecoordination matches because it's about organizing healthcare services. The span here would be \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\"\n\nNow checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence talks about where to get the lab work done and a date, which supports the idea that the first sentence is about care coordination setup. \n\nNo other codes seem to apply here. The \"Hello\" is clearly a salutation under PartnershipProvider. The rest is care coordination under InfoGive. No other sub-codes fit here. So the final pairs should be those two.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work\"}]}"]],"string":"[\n [\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \\\"Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\\\" The provider is the one speaking here. \\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions lab work being drawn at specific locations before a visit. \\n\\nStarting with the first part: \\\"Hello,\\\". Since this is the opening sentence, \\\"Hello\\\" is likely a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipProvider has a sub-code called salutation, which fits here because the provider is greeting the patient.\\n\\nNext, the main part: \\\"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\\\" This seems like providing information about lab work orders. The Epic system is an EHR, so this is part of care coordination. The InfoGive code's sub-code carecoordination matches because it's about organizing healthcare services. The span here would be \\\"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\\\"\\n\\nNow checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence talks about where to get the lab work done and a date, which supports the idea that the first sentence is about care coordination setup. \\n\\nNo other codes seem to apply here. The \\\"Hello\\\" is clearly a salutation under PartnershipProvider. The rest is care coordination under InfoGive. No other sub-codes fit here. So the final pairs should be those two.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipProvider\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"salutation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hello\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"carecoordination\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work\\\"}]}\"\n ]\n]"},"filtered_resps":{"kind":"list like","value":["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\" The provider is the one speaking here. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions lab work being drawn at specific locations before a visit. \n\nStarting with the first part: \"Hello,\". Since this is the opening sentence, \"Hello\" is likely a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipProvider has a sub-code called salutation, which fits here because the provider is greeting the patient.\n\nNext, the main part: \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\" This seems like providing information about lab work orders. The Epic system is an EHR, so this is part of care coordination. The InfoGive code's sub-code carecoordination matches because it's about organizing healthcare services. The span here would be \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\"\n\nNow checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence talks about where to get the lab work done and a date, which supports the idea that the first sentence is about care coordination setup. \n\nNo other codes seem to apply here. The \"Hello\" is clearly a salutation under PartnershipProvider. The rest is care coordination under InfoGive. No other sub-codes fit here. So the final pairs should be those two.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \\\"Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\\\" The provider is the one speaking here. \\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions lab work being drawn at specific locations before a visit. \\n\\nStarting with the first part: \\\"Hello,\\\". Since this is the opening sentence, \\\"Hello\\\" is likely a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipProvider has a sub-code called salutation, which fits here because the provider is greeting the patient.\\n\\nNext, the main part: \\\"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\\\" This seems like providing information about lab work orders. The Epic system is an EHR, so this is part of care coordination. The InfoGive code's sub-code carecoordination matches because it's about organizing healthcare services. The span here would be \\\"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\\\"\\n\\nNow checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence talks about where to get the lab work done and a date, which supports the idea that the first sentence is about care coordination setup. \\n\\nNo other codes seem to apply here. The \\\"Hello\\\" is clearly a salutation under PartnershipProvider. The rest is care coordination under InfoGive. No other sub-codes fit here. So the final pairs should be those two.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipProvider\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"salutation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hello\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"carecoordination\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work\\\"}]}\"\n]"},"filter":{"kind":"string","value":"none"},"metrics":{"kind":"list like","value":["evaluate_eppc"],"string":"[\n \"evaluate_eppc\"\n]"},"doc_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"731c80fe28027d79cefca5f4684e1f61b1662e27d0409ba9d79ce8fdacf1a4f5"},"prompt_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"467d1a7933a0775bbf02419b933c72278c1de8ca1d69b4c548d5684a5b95515f"},"target_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"ee70846aab6f01217bcde2928d7867cbed9e1dd71b365d9251f95889030bfe09"},"evaluate_eppc":{"kind":"list like","value":["{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello,\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work\"}]}","Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\" The provider is the one speaking here. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions lab work being drawn at specific locations before a visit. \n\nStarting with the first part: \"Hello,\". Since this is the opening sentence, \"Hello\" is likely a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipProvider has a sub-code called salutation, which fits here because the provider is greeting the patient.\n\nNext, the main part: \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\" This seems like providing information about lab work orders. The Epic system is an EHR, so this is part of care coordination. The InfoGive code's sub-code carecoordination matches because it's about organizing healthcare services. The span here would be \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\"\n\nNow checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence talks about where to get the lab work done and a date, which supports the idea that the first sentence is about care coordination setup. \n\nNo other codes seem to apply here. The \"Hello\" is clearly a salutation under PartnershipProvider. The rest is care coordination under InfoGive. No other sub-codes fit here. So the final pairs should be those two.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipProvider\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"salutation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hello,\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Diagnostics\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work\\\"}]}\",\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \\\"Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\\\" The provider is the one speaking here. \\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions lab work being drawn at specific locations before a visit. \\n\\nStarting with the first part: \\\"Hello,\\\". Since this is the opening sentence, \\\"Hello\\\" is likely a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipProvider has a sub-code called salutation, which fits here because the provider is greeting the patient.\\n\\nNext, the main part: \\\"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\\\" This seems like providing information about lab work orders. The Epic system is an EHR, so this is part of care coordination. The InfoGive code's sub-code carecoordination matches because it's about organizing healthcare services. The span here would be \\\"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\\\"\\n\\nNow checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence talks about where to get the lab work done and a date, which supports the idea that the first sentence is about care coordination setup. \\n\\nNo other codes seem to apply here. The \\\"Hello\\\" is clearly a salutation under PartnershipProvider. The rest is care coordination under InfoGive. No other sub-codes fit here. So the final pairs should be those two.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipProvider\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"salutation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hello\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"carecoordination\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work\\\"}]}\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":95,"cells":{"doc_id":{"kind":"number","value":95,"string":"95"},"doc":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"query\": \"## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\\n Current sentence: You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\\n Next sentence: The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\\n\\nOUTPUT:\",\n \"answer\": \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGiveSDOH\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1\\\"}]}\"\n}"},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1\"}]}"},"arguments":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"gen_args_0\": {\n \"arg_0\": \"<|im_start|>user\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: None\\n Current sentence: Hi, The insurance is driving me nuts.\\n Next sentence: I did as they asked, but now they will not approve to fill only a 10 day supply.\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"salutation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Hi\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGiveSDOH\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"The insurance is driving me nuts\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: Please let us know if you are COVID positive.\\n Current sentence: Thanks! Person2, MD\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipProvider\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"signoff\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Thanks\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\\n Current sentence: You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\\n Next sentence: The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\\n\\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\\n<|im_start|>assistant\\n<think>\\n\",\n \"arg_1\": {\n \"until\": [\n \"JSON_END\"\n ],\n \"do_sample\": false,\n \"temperature\": 0,\n \"max_gen_toks\": 1024\n }\n }\n}"},"resps":{"kind":"list like","value":[["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from a provider and says: \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions lab orders entered into Epic, and the next talks about pharmacy delivery. The current sentence is giving instructions about where and when to get the lab work done.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance. The sentence is telling the patient where to go, so that's InfoGive. The sub-code here would be Instruction since it's giving directions. The span here is \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\"\n\nWait, but there's also a date involved. The date is part of the scheduling? Let me check the sub-codes again. SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for appointments. The sentence includes a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) related to when the lab should be done before a visit. So maybe there's another code here. \n\nThe main instruction is about where to get the lab done, which is an instruction. The date is part of the instruction's timing. So the primary sub-code under InfoGive would be Instruction. The date is part of that instruction span. \n\nNo other codes seem to fit here. Partnership codes are about building relationships, but this is purely instructional. SharedDecision isn't involved here. So the only code-subcode pair is InfoGive with Instruction, covering the entire instruction including the date and location.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1\"}]}"]],"string":"[\n [\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from a provider and says: \\\"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\\\" \\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions lab orders entered into Epic, and the next talks about pharmacy delivery. The current sentence is giving instructions about where and when to get the lab work done.\\n\\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance. The sentence is telling the patient where to go, so that's InfoGive. The sub-code here would be Instruction since it's giving directions. The span here is \\\"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\\\"\\n\\nWait, but there's also a date involved. The date is part of the scheduling? Let me check the sub-codes again. SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for appointments. The sentence includes a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) related to when the lab should be done before a visit. So maybe there's another code here. \\n\\nThe main instruction is about where to get the lab done, which is an instruction. The date is part of the instruction's timing. So the primary sub-code under InfoGive would be Instruction. The date is part of that instruction span. \\n\\nNo other codes seem to fit here. Partnership codes are about building relationships, but this is purely instructional. SharedDecision isn't involved here. So the only code-subcode pair is InfoGive with Instruction, covering the entire instruction including the date and location.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Instruction\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1\\\"}]}\"\n ]\n]"},"filtered_resps":{"kind":"list like","value":["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from a provider and says: \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions lab orders entered into Epic, and the next talks about pharmacy delivery. The current sentence is giving instructions about where and when to get the lab work done.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance. The sentence is telling the patient where to go, so that's InfoGive. The sub-code here would be Instruction since it's giving directions. The span here is \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\"\n\nWait, but there's also a date involved. The date is part of the scheduling? Let me check the sub-codes again. SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for appointments. The sentence includes a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) related to when the lab should be done before a visit. So maybe there's another code here. \n\nThe main instruction is about where to get the lab done, which is an instruction. The date is part of the instruction's timing. So the primary sub-code under InfoGive would be Instruction. The date is part of that instruction span. \n\nNo other codes seem to fit here. Partnership codes are about building relationships, but this is purely instructional. SharedDecision isn't involved here. So the only code-subcode pair is InfoGive with Instruction, covering the entire instruction including the date and location.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from a provider and says: \\\"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\\\" \\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions lab orders entered into Epic, and the next talks about pharmacy delivery. The current sentence is giving instructions about where and when to get the lab work done.\\n\\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance. The sentence is telling the patient where to go, so that's InfoGive. The sub-code here would be Instruction since it's giving directions. The span here is \\\"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\\\"\\n\\nWait, but there's also a date involved. The date is part of the scheduling? Let me check the sub-codes again. SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for appointments. The sentence includes a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) related to when the lab should be done before a visit. So maybe there's another code here. \\n\\nThe main instruction is about where to get the lab done, which is an instruction. The date is part of the instruction's timing. So the primary sub-code under InfoGive would be Instruction. The date is part of that instruction span. \\n\\nNo other codes seem to fit here. Partnership codes are about building relationships, but this is purely instructional. SharedDecision isn't involved here. So the only code-subcode pair is InfoGive with Instruction, covering the entire instruction including the date and location.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Instruction\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1\\\"}]}\"\n]"},"filter":{"kind":"string","value":"none"},"metrics":{"kind":"list like","value":["evaluate_eppc"],"string":"[\n \"evaluate_eppc\"\n]"},"doc_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"850286592371ea3730d6c6454ce63092d71322451e48a1cd2f8b8e1fbbc4edb8"},"prompt_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"77abad2c51da5fba94bd5aa0e33e226b378604692dad94631521a483d308e892"},"target_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"fd494922d3e6ea124a3cd502d47c8e86743d46990f18949f9a2fb09289ee7172"},"evaluate_eppc":{"kind":"list like","value":["{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1\"}]}","Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from a provider and says: \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions lab orders entered into Epic, and the next talks about pharmacy delivery. The current sentence is giving instructions about where and when to get the lab work done.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance. The sentence is telling the patient where to go, so that's InfoGive. The sub-code here would be Instruction since it's giving directions. The span here is \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\"\n\nWait, but there's also a date involved. The date is part of the scheduling? Let me check the sub-codes again. SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for appointments. The sentence includes a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) related to when the lab should be done before a visit. So maybe there's another code here. \n\nThe main instruction is about where to get the lab done, which is an instruction. The date is part of the instruction's timing. So the primary sub-code under InfoGive would be Instruction. The date is part of that instruction span. \n\nNo other codes seem to fit here. Partnership codes are about building relationships, but this is purely instructional. SharedDecision isn't involved here. So the only code-subcode pair is InfoGive with Instruction, covering the entire instruction including the date and location.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGiveSDOH\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1\\\"}]}\",\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from a provider and says: \\\"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\\\" \\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions lab orders entered into Epic, and the next talks about pharmacy delivery. The current sentence is giving instructions about where and when to get the lab work done.\\n\\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance. The sentence is telling the patient where to go, so that's InfoGive. The sub-code here would be Instruction since it's giving directions. The span here is \\\"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\\\"\\n\\nWait, but there's also a date involved. The date is part of the scheduling? Let me check the sub-codes again. SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for appointments. The sentence includes a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) related to when the lab should be done before a visit. So maybe there's another code here. \\n\\nThe main instruction is about where to get the lab done, which is an instruction. The date is part of the instruction's timing. So the primary sub-code under InfoGive would be Instruction. The date is part of that instruction span. \\n\\nNo other codes seem to fit here. Partnership codes are about building relationships, but this is purely instructional. SharedDecision isn't involved here. So the only code-subcode pair is InfoGive with Instruction, covering the entire instruction including the date and location.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Instruction\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1\\\"}]}\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":96,"cells":{"doc_id":{"kind":"number","value":96,"string":"96"},"doc":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"query\": \"## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\\n Current sentence: The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\\n Next sentence: Jessica RN OCN\\n\\nOUTPUT:\",\n \"answer\": \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Drugs\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Generalinformation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"can do same day delivery if needed\\\"}]}\"\n}"},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"can do same day delivery if needed\"}]}"},"arguments":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"gen_args_0\": {\n \"arg_0\": \"<|im_start|>user\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: He says it is a-okay for Person2 to have it done at G Hosp, considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel.\\n Current sentence: Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\\n Next sentence: many thanks.\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Generalinformation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Please advise me how to submit this to\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Generalinformation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"if you can assist me in doing that\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: HI Person1I was contacted by the Org2 insurance again .\\n Current sentence: My treatment plan changed from every 3weeks to every week so they want the 3 changed to 1 every thing else stays same on the original paperwork and initial and refax.\\n Next sentence: Let me know if you are able to do this before my next treatment or they will deny like they did last time and if you can put somewhere effective date was when I got the new treatment Approx 3 weeks back Thank you\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGiveSDOH\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"they want the 3 changed to 1 every thing else stays same on the original paperwork and initial and refax\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\\n Current sentence: The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\\n Next sentence: Jessica RN OCN\\n\\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\\n<|im_start|>assistant\\n<think>\\n\",\n \"arg_1\": {\n \"until\": [\n \"JSON_END\"\n ],\n \"do_sample\": false,\n \"temperature\": 0,\n \"max_gen_toks\": 1024\n }\n }\n}"},"resps":{"kind":"list like","value":[["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The task is to analyze the current sentence from the provider and identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. The current sentence is: \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context by looking at the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence mentions that the patient can have something drawn at L&M draw stations before a visit. The next sentence is a signature from Jessica RN OCN. \n\nNow, focusing on the current sentence. The provider is talking about the pharmacy's efficiency in delivering medications, specifically mentioning same-day delivery. \n\nLooking at the codes, let's start with the possible categories. The sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's services, which relates to healthcare access and quality. The code InfoGiveSDOH has a sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality, which includes aspects like access to necessary health services and the effectiveness of care. The mention of the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery fits under this because it's about the availability and timeliness of medication delivery, which is part of healthcare access.\n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, which involves providing guidance or information. The sub-code here could be Generalinformation since the provider is giving logistical info about the pharmacy's services. However, the definition of InfoGive's Generalinformation is administrative or logistical info not directly related to medical treatment. The pharmacy's delivery service is part of healthcare access, so maybe HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH is more accurate.\n\nWait, let me check the sub-codes again. InfoGiveSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality includes insurance, health access, etc. The pharmacy's ability to deliver meds quickly relates to access to necessary medications, so that's a good fit. \n\nIs there another code? PartnershipProvider? The sentence isn't about collaboration or building trust, so probably not. SharedDecision or Socioemotional don't seem relevant here. \n\nSo the main code is InfoGiveSDOH with sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality. The span would be \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me see: \"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\" and \"can do same day delivery if needed\" both relate to the pharmacy's service efficiency. Maybe split into two spans? Wait, the instruction says to extract minimal specific spans for each pair. Since both parts of the sentence are about the pharmacy's service, maybe the entire sentence is one span. But the example in the previous problem had two entries for the same code. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nThe sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH includes \"access to necessary health services\" and \"effectiveness of care\". The sentence is providing info about the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery, which are about access and quality. So the entire sentence is one span for that code-subcode pair. \n\nAlternatively, maybe the first part \"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\" and the second part \"can do same day delivery if needed\" are separate, but the instruction says minimal spans. Since the entire sentence is a single statement about the pharmacy's services, it's better to have one span here. \n\nWait, but the example in the previous input had two entries for the same code because there were two separate requests. In this case, the current sentence is a single statement, so one span. \n\nTherefore, the result should be:\n\n{\n \"results\": [\n {\n \"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\",\n \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\",\n \"Span\": \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\"\n }\n ]\n}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\"}]}"]],"string":"[\n [\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The task is to analyze the current sentence from the provider and identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. The current sentence is: \\\"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\\\" \\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context by looking at the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence mentions that the patient can have something drawn at L&M draw stations before a visit. The next sentence is a signature from Jessica RN OCN. \\n\\nNow, focusing on the current sentence. The provider is talking about the pharmacy's efficiency in delivering medications, specifically mentioning same-day delivery. \\n\\nLooking at the codes, let's start with the possible categories. The sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's services, which relates to healthcare access and quality. The code InfoGiveSDOH has a sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality, which includes aspects like access to necessary health services and the effectiveness of care. The mention of the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery fits under this because it's about the availability and timeliness of medication delivery, which is part of healthcare access.\\n\\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, which involves providing guidance or information. The sub-code here could be Generalinformation since the provider is giving logistical info about the pharmacy's services. However, the definition of InfoGive's Generalinformation is administrative or logistical info not directly related to medical treatment. The pharmacy's delivery service is part of healthcare access, so maybe HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH is more accurate.\\n\\nWait, let me check the sub-codes again. InfoGiveSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality includes insurance, health access, etc. The pharmacy's ability to deliver meds quickly relates to access to necessary medications, so that's a good fit. \\n\\nIs there another code? PartnershipProvider? The sentence isn't about collaboration or building trust, so probably not. SharedDecision or Socioemotional don't seem relevant here. \\n\\nSo the main code is InfoGiveSDOH with sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality. The span would be \\\"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\\\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me see: \\\"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\\\" and \\\"can do same day delivery if needed\\\" both relate to the pharmacy's service efficiency. Maybe split into two spans? Wait, the instruction says to extract minimal specific spans for each pair. Since both parts of the sentence are about the pharmacy's service, maybe the entire sentence is one span. But the example in the previous problem had two entries for the same code. Let me check the definitions again.\\n\\nThe sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH includes \\\"access to necessary health services\\\" and \\\"effectiveness of care\\\". The sentence is providing info about the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery, which are about access and quality. So the entire sentence is one span for that code-subcode pair. \\n\\nAlternatively, maybe the first part \\\"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\\\" and the second part \\\"can do same day delivery if needed\\\" are separate, but the instruction says minimal spans. Since the entire sentence is a single statement about the pharmacy's services, it's better to have one span here. \\n\\nWait, but the example in the previous input had two entries for the same code because there were two separate requests. In this case, the current sentence is a single statement, so one span. \\n\\nTherefore, the result should be:\\n\\n{\\n \\\"results\\\": [\\n {\\n \\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGiveSDOH\\\",\\n \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\\",\\n \\\"Span\\\": \\\"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\\\"\\n }\\n ]\\n}\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGiveSDOH\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\\\"}]}\"\n ]\n]"},"filtered_resps":{"kind":"list like","value":["Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The task is to analyze the current sentence from the provider and identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. The current sentence is: \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context by looking at the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence mentions that the patient can have something drawn at L&M draw stations before a visit. The next sentence is a signature from Jessica RN OCN. \n\nNow, focusing on the current sentence. The provider is talking about the pharmacy's efficiency in delivering medications, specifically mentioning same-day delivery. \n\nLooking at the codes, let's start with the possible categories. The sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's services, which relates to healthcare access and quality. The code InfoGiveSDOH has a sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality, which includes aspects like access to necessary health services and the effectiveness of care. The mention of the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery fits under this because it's about the availability and timeliness of medication delivery, which is part of healthcare access.\n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, which involves providing guidance or information. The sub-code here could be Generalinformation since the provider is giving logistical info about the pharmacy's services. However, the definition of InfoGive's Generalinformation is administrative or logistical info not directly related to medical treatment. The pharmacy's delivery service is part of healthcare access, so maybe HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH is more accurate.\n\nWait, let me check the sub-codes again. InfoGiveSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality includes insurance, health access, etc. The pharmacy's ability to deliver meds quickly relates to access to necessary medications, so that's a good fit. \n\nIs there another code? PartnershipProvider? The sentence isn't about collaboration or building trust, so probably not. SharedDecision or Socioemotional don't seem relevant here. \n\nSo the main code is InfoGiveSDOH with sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality. The span would be \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me see: \"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\" and \"can do same day delivery if needed\" both relate to the pharmacy's service efficiency. Maybe split into two spans? Wait, the instruction says to extract minimal specific spans for each pair. Since both parts of the sentence are about the pharmacy's service, maybe the entire sentence is one span. But the example in the previous problem had two entries for the same code. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nThe sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH includes \"access to necessary health services\" and \"effectiveness of care\". The sentence is providing info about the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery, which are about access and quality. So the entire sentence is one span for that code-subcode pair. \n\nAlternatively, maybe the first part \"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\" and the second part \"can do same day delivery if needed\" are separate, but the instruction says minimal spans. Since the entire sentence is a single statement about the pharmacy's services, it's better to have one span here. \n\nWait, but the example in the previous input had two entries for the same code because there were two separate requests. In this case, the current sentence is a single statement, so one span. \n\nTherefore, the result should be:\n\n{\n \"results\": [\n {\n \"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\",\n \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\",\n \"Span\": \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\"\n }\n ]\n}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The task is to analyze the current sentence from the provider and identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. The current sentence is: \\\"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\\\" \\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context by looking at the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence mentions that the patient can have something drawn at L&M draw stations before a visit. The next sentence is a signature from Jessica RN OCN. \\n\\nNow, focusing on the current sentence. The provider is talking about the pharmacy's efficiency in delivering medications, specifically mentioning same-day delivery. \\n\\nLooking at the codes, let's start with the possible categories. The sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's services, which relates to healthcare access and quality. The code InfoGiveSDOH has a sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality, which includes aspects like access to necessary health services and the effectiveness of care. The mention of the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery fits under this because it's about the availability and timeliness of medication delivery, which is part of healthcare access.\\n\\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, which involves providing guidance or information. The sub-code here could be Generalinformation since the provider is giving logistical info about the pharmacy's services. However, the definition of InfoGive's Generalinformation is administrative or logistical info not directly related to medical treatment. The pharmacy's delivery service is part of healthcare access, so maybe HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH is more accurate.\\n\\nWait, let me check the sub-codes again. InfoGiveSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality includes insurance, health access, etc. The pharmacy's ability to deliver meds quickly relates to access to necessary medications, so that's a good fit. \\n\\nIs there another code? PartnershipProvider? The sentence isn't about collaboration or building trust, so probably not. SharedDecision or Socioemotional don't seem relevant here. \\n\\nSo the main code is InfoGiveSDOH with sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality. The span would be \\\"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\\\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me see: \\\"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\\\" and \\\"can do same day delivery if needed\\\" both relate to the pharmacy's service efficiency. Maybe split into two spans? Wait, the instruction says to extract minimal specific spans for each pair. Since both parts of the sentence are about the pharmacy's service, maybe the entire sentence is one span. But the example in the previous problem had two entries for the same code. Let me check the definitions again.\\n\\nThe sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH includes \\\"access to necessary health services\\\" and \\\"effectiveness of care\\\". The sentence is providing info about the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery, which are about access and quality. So the entire sentence is one span for that code-subcode pair. \\n\\nAlternatively, maybe the first part \\\"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\\\" and the second part \\\"can do same day delivery if needed\\\" are separate, but the instruction says minimal spans. Since the entire sentence is a single statement about the pharmacy's services, it's better to have one span here. \\n\\nWait, but the example in the previous input had two entries for the same code because there were two separate requests. In this case, the current sentence is a single statement, so one span. \\n\\nTherefore, the result should be:\\n\\n{\\n \\\"results\\\": [\\n {\\n \\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGiveSDOH\\\",\\n \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\\",\\n \\\"Span\\\": \\\"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\\\"\\n }\\n ]\\n}\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGiveSDOH\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\\\"}]}\"\n]"},"filter":{"kind":"string","value":"none"},"metrics":{"kind":"list like","value":["evaluate_eppc"],"string":"[\n \"evaluate_eppc\"\n]"},"doc_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"a1f5e63bee92c8301c40448b6f7c47e78e41eb01bfbdeb71dbdfc77ee4c37350"},"prompt_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"cf8e6b7d2abb119827ea4d94d42ad32c6a9376e4c5bf35c2a3b9bc3fc2add274"},"target_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"bc7cda7675d50c011ef4759a093e052a20d33de95f8a5db13331f5f9f5df6a00"},"evaluate_eppc":{"kind":"list like","value":["{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"can do same day delivery if needed\"}]}","Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The task is to analyze the current sentence from the provider and identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. The current sentence is: \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context by looking at the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence mentions that the patient can have something drawn at L&M draw stations before a visit. The next sentence is a signature from Jessica RN OCN. \n\nNow, focusing on the current sentence. The provider is talking about the pharmacy's efficiency in delivering medications, specifically mentioning same-day delivery. \n\nLooking at the codes, let's start with the possible categories. The sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's services, which relates to healthcare access and quality. The code InfoGiveSDOH has a sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality, which includes aspects like access to necessary health services and the effectiveness of care. The mention of the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery fits under this because it's about the availability and timeliness of medication delivery, which is part of healthcare access.\n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, which involves providing guidance or information. The sub-code here could be Generalinformation since the provider is giving logistical info about the pharmacy's services. However, the definition of InfoGive's Generalinformation is administrative or logistical info not directly related to medical treatment. The pharmacy's delivery service is part of healthcare access, so maybe HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH is more accurate.\n\nWait, let me check the sub-codes again. InfoGiveSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality includes insurance, health access, etc. The pharmacy's ability to deliver meds quickly relates to access to necessary medications, so that's a good fit. \n\nIs there another code? PartnershipProvider? The sentence isn't about collaboration or building trust, so probably not. SharedDecision or Socioemotional don't seem relevant here. \n\nSo the main code is InfoGiveSDOH with sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality. The span would be \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me see: \"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\" and \"can do same day delivery if needed\" both relate to the pharmacy's service efficiency. Maybe split into two spans? Wait, the instruction says to extract minimal specific spans for each pair. Since both parts of the sentence are about the pharmacy's service, maybe the entire sentence is one span. But the example in the previous problem had two entries for the same code. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nThe sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH includes \"access to necessary health services\" and \"effectiveness of care\". The sentence is providing info about the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery, which are about access and quality. So the entire sentence is one span for that code-subcode pair. \n\nAlternatively, maybe the first part \"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\" and the second part \"can do same day delivery if needed\" are separate, but the instruction says minimal spans. Since the entire sentence is a single statement about the pharmacy's services, it's better to have one span here. \n\nWait, but the example in the previous input had two entries for the same code because there were two separate requests. In this case, the current sentence is a single statement, so one span. \n\nTherefore, the result should be:\n\n{\n \"results\": [\n {\n \"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\",\n \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\",\n \"Span\": \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\"\n }\n ]\n}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Drugs\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Generalinformation\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"can do same day delivery if needed\\\"}]}\",\n \"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The task is to analyze the current sentence from the provider and identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. The current sentence is: \\\"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\\\" \\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context by looking at the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence mentions that the patient can have something drawn at L&M draw stations before a visit. The next sentence is a signature from Jessica RN OCN. \\n\\nNow, focusing on the current sentence. The provider is talking about the pharmacy's efficiency in delivering medications, specifically mentioning same-day delivery. \\n\\nLooking at the codes, let's start with the possible categories. The sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's services, which relates to healthcare access and quality. The code InfoGiveSDOH has a sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality, which includes aspects like access to necessary health services and the effectiveness of care. The mention of the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery fits under this because it's about the availability and timeliness of medication delivery, which is part of healthcare access.\\n\\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, which involves providing guidance or information. The sub-code here could be Generalinformation since the provider is giving logistical info about the pharmacy's services. However, the definition of InfoGive's Generalinformation is administrative or logistical info not directly related to medical treatment. The pharmacy's delivery service is part of healthcare access, so maybe HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH is more accurate.\\n\\nWait, let me check the sub-codes again. InfoGiveSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality includes insurance, health access, etc. The pharmacy's ability to deliver meds quickly relates to access to necessary medications, so that's a good fit. \\n\\nIs there another code? PartnershipProvider? The sentence isn't about collaboration or building trust, so probably not. SharedDecision or Socioemotional don't seem relevant here. \\n\\nSo the main code is InfoGiveSDOH with sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality. The span would be \\\"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\\\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me see: \\\"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\\\" and \\\"can do same day delivery if needed\\\" both relate to the pharmacy's service efficiency. Maybe split into two spans? Wait, the instruction says to extract minimal specific spans for each pair. Since both parts of the sentence are about the pharmacy's service, maybe the entire sentence is one span. But the example in the previous problem had two entries for the same code. Let me check the definitions again.\\n\\nThe sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH includes \\\"access to necessary health services\\\" and \\\"effectiveness of care\\\". The sentence is providing info about the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery, which are about access and quality. So the entire sentence is one span for that code-subcode pair. \\n\\nAlternatively, maybe the first part \\\"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\\\" and the second part \\\"can do same day delivery if needed\\\" are separate, but the instruction says minimal spans. Since the entire sentence is a single statement about the pharmacy's services, it's better to have one span here. \\n\\nWait, but the example in the previous input had two entries for the same code because there were two separate requests. In this case, the current sentence is a single statement, so one span. \\n\\nTherefore, the result should be:\\n\\n{\\n \\\"results\\\": [\\n {\\n \\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGiveSDOH\\\",\\n \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\\",\\n \\\"Span\\\": \\\"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\\\"\\n }\\n ]\\n}\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGiveSDOH\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\\\"}]}\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":97,"cells":{"doc_id":{"kind":"number","value":97,"string":"97"},"doc":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"query\": \"## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: None\\n Current sentence: Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\\n Next sentence: Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\n\\nOUTPUT:\",\n \"answer\": \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"I see Dr Person1 on\\\"}]}\"\n}"},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I see Dr Person1 on\"}]}"},"arguments":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"gen_args_0\": {\n \"arg_0\": \"<|im_start|>user\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: He is having an MRI Today at Org2.\\n Current sentence: I will be getting a disc.\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Drugs\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"I will be getting a disc\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: None\\n Current sentence: Cool\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Alignment\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Cool\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: None\\n Current sentence: Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\\n Next sentence: Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\n\\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\\n<|im_start|>assistant\\n<think>\\n\",\n \"arg_1\": {\n \"until\": [\n \"JSON_END\"\n ],\n \"do_sample\": false,\n \"temperature\": 0,\n \"max_gen_toks\": 1024\n }\n }\n}"},"resps":{"kind":"list like","value":[["Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is the patient's current sentence: \"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" The next sentence is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence is None, so the current sentence is the opening one.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about their lab work and an appointment with Dr. Person1 on specific dates. The next sentence is a question about rescheduling the appointment earlier. \n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The main goal is to identify which codes and subcodes apply to the current sentence. Let's start with the current sentence. \n\nThe sentence mentions scheduling lab work and an appointment. The key here is the dates and the scheduling aspect. The code InfoGive has a subcode SchedulingAppt, which refers to dates and times related to seeing a provider. Since the patient is providing information about their scheduled lab and appointment dates, this fits under InfoGive with the SchedulingAppt subcode. \n\nAdditionally, the next sentence asks if they can go before the scheduled date, which is a request to change the appointment. But the current sentence is just stating the existing schedule, so the focus is on providing that information. \n\nAre there any other codes? Let's check other possibilities. The PartnershipPatient code involves things like alignment, appreciation, etc. The current sentence doesn't express any opinion or preference beyond stating the schedule, so probably not. \n\nThe InfoSeek code is about seeking information, but the current sentence is giving info, not seeking. The next sentence is the one seeking, but we're only looking at the current sentence here. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive's subcode carecoordination, but that's more about integrating services. The mention of lab work and an appointment might be part of care coordination, but the specific subcode for dates is SchedulingAppt. \n\nSo the main pair here is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let's see: \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" are the parts about scheduling. However, the minimal span that captures both could be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe the entire phrase \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" is the span. Wait, but the instruction says to extract the minimal specific span. Alternatively, each date part could be separate, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause about scheduling both lab and appointment is the key. \n\nAlternatively, the key elements are the dates and the scheduling, so the minimal span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe even more minimal: \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" but since they are connected by 'and', perhaps the entire phrase is the span. \n\nAlternatively, the minimal span could be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\", but perhaps the exact dates are important. However, the subcode SchedulingAppt includes dates, so the dates are part of the evidence. \n\nTherefore, the span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe the minimal span is \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is the scheduling of both lab and appointment, so the entire sentence's relevant part is the scheduling info. \n\nSo the final code-subcode pair is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". \n\nWait, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Maybe each part can be split, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause is acceptable. Alternatively, the minimal span could be \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\", but since they are connected by 'and', maybe the entire phrase is the minimal span. \n\nAlternatively, the key is the scheduling of the lab and the appointment, so the minimal span would be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But perhaps the exact dates are necessary. \n\nAlternatively, the entire phrase \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" is the span. \n\nTherefore,"]],"string":"[\n [\n \"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is the patient's current sentence: \\\"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The next sentence is \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The previous sentence is None, so the current sentence is the opening one.\\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about their lab work and an appointment with Dr. Person1 on specific dates. The next sentence is a question about rescheduling the appointment earlier. \\n\\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The main goal is to identify which codes and subcodes apply to the current sentence. Let's start with the current sentence. \\n\\nThe sentence mentions scheduling lab work and an appointment. The key here is the dates and the scheduling aspect. The code InfoGive has a subcode SchedulingAppt, which refers to dates and times related to seeing a provider. Since the patient is providing information about their scheduled lab and appointment dates, this fits under InfoGive with the SchedulingAppt subcode. \\n\\nAdditionally, the next sentence asks if they can go before the scheduled date, which is a request to change the appointment. But the current sentence is just stating the existing schedule, so the focus is on providing that information. \\n\\nAre there any other codes? Let's check other possibilities. The PartnershipPatient code involves things like alignment, appreciation, etc. The current sentence doesn't express any opinion or preference beyond stating the schedule, so probably not. \\n\\nThe InfoSeek code is about seeking information, but the current sentence is giving info, not seeking. The next sentence is the one seeking, but we're only looking at the current sentence here. \\n\\nAnother possible code is InfoGive's subcode carecoordination, but that's more about integrating services. The mention of lab work and an appointment might be part of care coordination, but the specific subcode for dates is SchedulingAppt. \\n\\nSo the main pair here is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The span would be \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let's see: \\\"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" are the parts about scheduling. However, the minimal span that captures both could be \\\"lab work is scheduled\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". But maybe the entire phrase \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" is the span. Wait, but the instruction says to extract the minimal specific span. Alternatively, each date part could be separate, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause about scheduling both lab and appointment is the key. \\n\\nAlternatively, the key elements are the dates and the scheduling, so the minimal span would be \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". But maybe even more minimal: \\\"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" but since they are connected by 'and', perhaps the entire phrase is the span. \\n\\nAlternatively, the minimal span could be \\\"lab work is scheduled\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\", but perhaps the exact dates are important. However, the subcode SchedulingAppt includes dates, so the dates are part of the evidence. \\n\\nTherefore, the span would be \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". But maybe the minimal span is \\\"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". \\n\\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is the scheduling of both lab and appointment, so the entire sentence's relevant part is the scheduling info. \\n\\nSo the final code-subcode pair is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, and the span is \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". \\n\\nWait, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Maybe each part can be split, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause is acceptable. Alternatively, the minimal span could be \\\"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\", but since they are connected by 'and', maybe the entire phrase is the minimal span. \\n\\nAlternatively, the key is the scheduling of the lab and the appointment, so the minimal span would be \\\"lab work is scheduled\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". But perhaps the exact dates are necessary. \\n\\nAlternatively, the entire phrase \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" is the span. \\n\\nTherefore,\"\n ]\n]"},"filtered_resps":{"kind":"list like","value":["Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is the patient's current sentence: \"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" The next sentence is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence is None, so the current sentence is the opening one.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about their lab work and an appointment with Dr. Person1 on specific dates. The next sentence is a question about rescheduling the appointment earlier. \n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The main goal is to identify which codes and subcodes apply to the current sentence. Let's start with the current sentence. \n\nThe sentence mentions scheduling lab work and an appointment. The key here is the dates and the scheduling aspect. The code InfoGive has a subcode SchedulingAppt, which refers to dates and times related to seeing a provider. Since the patient is providing information about their scheduled lab and appointment dates, this fits under InfoGive with the SchedulingAppt subcode. \n\nAdditionally, the next sentence asks if they can go before the scheduled date, which is a request to change the appointment. But the current sentence is just stating the existing schedule, so the focus is on providing that information. \n\nAre there any other codes? Let's check other possibilities. The PartnershipPatient code involves things like alignment, appreciation, etc. The current sentence doesn't express any opinion or preference beyond stating the schedule, so probably not. \n\nThe InfoSeek code is about seeking information, but the current sentence is giving info, not seeking. The next sentence is the one seeking, but we're only looking at the current sentence here. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive's subcode carecoordination, but that's more about integrating services. The mention of lab work and an appointment might be part of care coordination, but the specific subcode for dates is SchedulingAppt. \n\nSo the main pair here is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let's see: \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" are the parts about scheduling. However, the minimal span that captures both could be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe the entire phrase \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" is the span. Wait, but the instruction says to extract the minimal specific span. Alternatively, each date part could be separate, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause about scheduling both lab and appointment is the key. \n\nAlternatively, the key elements are the dates and the scheduling, so the minimal span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe even more minimal: \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" but since they are connected by 'and', perhaps the entire phrase is the span. \n\nAlternatively, the minimal span could be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\", but perhaps the exact dates are important. However, the subcode SchedulingAppt includes dates, so the dates are part of the evidence. \n\nTherefore, the span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe the minimal span is \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is the scheduling of both lab and appointment, so the entire sentence's relevant part is the scheduling info. \n\nSo the final code-subcode pair is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". \n\nWait, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Maybe each part can be split, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause is acceptable. Alternatively, the minimal span could be \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\", but since they are connected by 'and', maybe the entire phrase is the minimal span. \n\nAlternatively, the key is the scheduling of the lab and the appointment, so the minimal span would be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But perhaps the exact dates are necessary. \n\nAlternatively, the entire phrase \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" is the span. \n\nTherefore,"],"string":"[\n \"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is the patient's current sentence: \\\"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The next sentence is \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The previous sentence is None, so the current sentence is the opening one.\\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about their lab work and an appointment with Dr. Person1 on specific dates. The next sentence is a question about rescheduling the appointment earlier. \\n\\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The main goal is to identify which codes and subcodes apply to the current sentence. Let's start with the current sentence. \\n\\nThe sentence mentions scheduling lab work and an appointment. The key here is the dates and the scheduling aspect. The code InfoGive has a subcode SchedulingAppt, which refers to dates and times related to seeing a provider. Since the patient is providing information about their scheduled lab and appointment dates, this fits under InfoGive with the SchedulingAppt subcode. \\n\\nAdditionally, the next sentence asks if they can go before the scheduled date, which is a request to change the appointment. But the current sentence is just stating the existing schedule, so the focus is on providing that information. \\n\\nAre there any other codes? Let's check other possibilities. The PartnershipPatient code involves things like alignment, appreciation, etc. The current sentence doesn't express any opinion or preference beyond stating the schedule, so probably not. \\n\\nThe InfoSeek code is about seeking information, but the current sentence is giving info, not seeking. The next sentence is the one seeking, but we're only looking at the current sentence here. \\n\\nAnother possible code is InfoGive's subcode carecoordination, but that's more about integrating services. The mention of lab work and an appointment might be part of care coordination, but the specific subcode for dates is SchedulingAppt. \\n\\nSo the main pair here is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The span would be \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let's see: \\\"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" are the parts about scheduling. However, the minimal span that captures both could be \\\"lab work is scheduled\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". But maybe the entire phrase \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" is the span. Wait, but the instruction says to extract the minimal specific span. Alternatively, each date part could be separate, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause about scheduling both lab and appointment is the key. \\n\\nAlternatively, the key elements are the dates and the scheduling, so the minimal span would be \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". But maybe even more minimal: \\\"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" but since they are connected by 'and', perhaps the entire phrase is the span. \\n\\nAlternatively, the minimal span could be \\\"lab work is scheduled\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\", but perhaps the exact dates are important. However, the subcode SchedulingAppt includes dates, so the dates are part of the evidence. \\n\\nTherefore, the span would be \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". But maybe the minimal span is \\\"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". \\n\\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is the scheduling of both lab and appointment, so the entire sentence's relevant part is the scheduling info. \\n\\nSo the final code-subcode pair is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, and the span is \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". \\n\\nWait, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Maybe each part can be split, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause is acceptable. Alternatively, the minimal span could be \\\"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\", but since they are connected by 'and', maybe the entire phrase is the minimal span. \\n\\nAlternatively, the key is the scheduling of the lab and the appointment, so the minimal span would be \\\"lab work is scheduled\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". But perhaps the exact dates are necessary. \\n\\nAlternatively, the entire phrase \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" is the span. \\n\\nTherefore,\"\n]"},"filter":{"kind":"string","value":"none"},"metrics":{"kind":"list like","value":["evaluate_eppc"],"string":"[\n \"evaluate_eppc\"\n]"},"doc_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"41b7bb11c01c4073e579ed8be34c258cdd875cdff975714f38ead1b340030dfe"},"prompt_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"b679d954cb6e1928f3706fbd5e9d6039a723d92fb1cf7ca5f4fe300b73173435"},"target_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"6b5c3f75e6604fc22a0587914543a1220630e48ef97374fc71328e7edc182f9a"},"evaluate_eppc":{"kind":"list like","value":["{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I see Dr Person1 on\"}]}","Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is the patient's current sentence: \"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" The next sentence is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence is None, so the current sentence is the opening one.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about their lab work and an appointment with Dr. Person1 on specific dates. The next sentence is a question about rescheduling the appointment earlier. \n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The main goal is to identify which codes and subcodes apply to the current sentence. Let's start with the current sentence. \n\nThe sentence mentions scheduling lab work and an appointment. The key here is the dates and the scheduling aspect. The code InfoGive has a subcode SchedulingAppt, which refers to dates and times related to seeing a provider. Since the patient is providing information about their scheduled lab and appointment dates, this fits under InfoGive with the SchedulingAppt subcode. \n\nAdditionally, the next sentence asks if they can go before the scheduled date, which is a request to change the appointment. But the current sentence is just stating the existing schedule, so the focus is on providing that information. \n\nAre there any other codes? Let's check other possibilities. The PartnershipPatient code involves things like alignment, appreciation, etc. The current sentence doesn't express any opinion or preference beyond stating the schedule, so probably not. \n\nThe InfoSeek code is about seeking information, but the current sentence is giving info, not seeking. The next sentence is the one seeking, but we're only looking at the current sentence here. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive's subcode carecoordination, but that's more about integrating services. The mention of lab work and an appointment might be part of care coordination, but the specific subcode for dates is SchedulingAppt. \n\nSo the main pair here is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let's see: \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" are the parts about scheduling. However, the minimal span that captures both could be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe the entire phrase \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" is the span. Wait, but the instruction says to extract the minimal specific span. Alternatively, each date part could be separate, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause about scheduling both lab and appointment is the key. \n\nAlternatively, the key elements are the dates and the scheduling, so the minimal span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe even more minimal: \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" but since they are connected by 'and', perhaps the entire phrase is the span. \n\nAlternatively, the minimal span could be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\", but perhaps the exact dates are important. However, the subcode SchedulingAppt includes dates, so the dates are part of the evidence. \n\nTherefore, the span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe the minimal span is \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is the scheduling of both lab and appointment, so the entire sentence's relevant part is the scheduling info. \n\nSo the final code-subcode pair is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". \n\nWait, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Maybe each part can be split, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause is acceptable. Alternatively, the minimal span could be \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\", but since they are connected by 'and', maybe the entire phrase is the minimal span. \n\nAlternatively, the key is the scheduling of the lab and the appointment, so the minimal span would be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But perhaps the exact dates are necessary. \n\nAlternatively, the entire phrase \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" is the span. \n\nTherefore,"],"string":"[\n \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"I see Dr Person1 on\\\"}]}\",\n \"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is the patient's current sentence: \\\"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The next sentence is \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The previous sentence is None, so the current sentence is the opening one.\\n\\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about their lab work and an appointment with Dr. Person1 on specific dates. The next sentence is a question about rescheduling the appointment earlier. \\n\\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The main goal is to identify which codes and subcodes apply to the current sentence. Let's start with the current sentence. \\n\\nThe sentence mentions scheduling lab work and an appointment. The key here is the dates and the scheduling aspect. The code InfoGive has a subcode SchedulingAppt, which refers to dates and times related to seeing a provider. Since the patient is providing information about their scheduled lab and appointment dates, this fits under InfoGive with the SchedulingAppt subcode. \\n\\nAdditionally, the next sentence asks if they can go before the scheduled date, which is a request to change the appointment. But the current sentence is just stating the existing schedule, so the focus is on providing that information. \\n\\nAre there any other codes? Let's check other possibilities. The PartnershipPatient code involves things like alignment, appreciation, etc. The current sentence doesn't express any opinion or preference beyond stating the schedule, so probably not. \\n\\nThe InfoSeek code is about seeking information, but the current sentence is giving info, not seeking. The next sentence is the one seeking, but we're only looking at the current sentence here. \\n\\nAnother possible code is InfoGive's subcode carecoordination, but that's more about integrating services. The mention of lab work and an appointment might be part of care coordination, but the specific subcode for dates is SchedulingAppt. \\n\\nSo the main pair here is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The span would be \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let's see: \\\"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" are the parts about scheduling. However, the minimal span that captures both could be \\\"lab work is scheduled\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". But maybe the entire phrase \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" is the span. Wait, but the instruction says to extract the minimal specific span. Alternatively, each date part could be separate, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause about scheduling both lab and appointment is the key. \\n\\nAlternatively, the key elements are the dates and the scheduling, so the minimal span would be \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". But maybe even more minimal: \\\"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" but since they are connected by 'and', perhaps the entire phrase is the span. \\n\\nAlternatively, the minimal span could be \\\"lab work is scheduled\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\", but perhaps the exact dates are important. However, the subcode SchedulingAppt includes dates, so the dates are part of the evidence. \\n\\nTherefore, the span would be \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". But maybe the minimal span is \\\"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". \\n\\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is the scheduling of both lab and appointment, so the entire sentence's relevant part is the scheduling info. \\n\\nSo the final code-subcode pair is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, and the span is \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". \\n\\nWait, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Maybe each part can be split, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause is acceptable. Alternatively, the minimal span could be \\\"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\", but since they are connected by 'and', maybe the entire phrase is the minimal span. \\n\\nAlternatively, the key is the scheduling of the lab and the appointment, so the minimal span would be \\\"lab work is scheduled\\\" and \\\"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\". But perhaps the exact dates are necessary. \\n\\nAlternatively, the entire phrase \\\"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\\\" is the span. \\n\\nTherefore,\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":98,"cells":{"doc_id":{"kind":"number","value":98,"string":"98"},"doc":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"query\": \"## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\\n Current sentence: Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\n Next sentence: Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned\\n\\nOUTPUT:\",\n \"answer\": \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Can I go before \\\"}]}\"\n}"},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Can I go before \"}]}"},"arguments":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"gen_args_0\": {\n \"arg_0\": \"<|im_start|>user\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: I need to have my Radium 223 infusion scheduled for MM/DD/YYYY?\\n Current sentence: Also, should I take Dexamethasone the day before?\\n Next sentence: Please advise.\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"SharedDecisionPatient\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SeekingApproval\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Also, should I take Dexamethasone the day before?\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: I am scheduled for my blood draw, appointment with Dr Person1, and chemo treatment MM/DD/YYYY.\\n Current sentence: Can I change this to MM/DD/YYYY or MM/DD/YYYY ?\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Can I change this to MM/DD/YYYY or MM/DD/YYYY ?\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\\n Current sentence: Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\n Next sentence: Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned\\n\\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\\n<|im_start|>assistant\\n<think>\\n\",\n \"arg_1\": {\n \"until\": [\n \"JSON_END\"\n ],\n \"do_sample\": false,\n \"temperature\": 0,\n \"max_gen_toks\": 1024\n }\n }\n}"},"resps":{"kind":"list like","value":[["Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is asking a question, and I need to identify the appropriate codes and subcodes based on the given definitions. \n\nFirst, let me look at the input sentences. The previous sentence says, \"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" The current sentence is, \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The next sentence explains, \"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned.\"\n\nStarting with the current sentence: \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The patient is asking if they can move up their lab work or appointment with Dr. Person1 to an earlier date. The key here is that they're seeking to change the appointment date, which relates to scheduling.\n\nLooking at the codes, the most relevant one here is InfoSeek, which involves obtaining information about administrative matters like scheduling. The subcode under InfoSeek that fits is SchedulingAppt, as the sentence is directly asking about changing the date of an appointment. \n\nNow, checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence mentions the pharmacy's delivery time for meds, which might be related to why the patient is concerned about the timing. However, the current sentence itself is specifically about moving the appointment date, so the focus remains on scheduling.\n\nI should also check if there's any other code that might apply. For instance, PartnershipPatient or SharedDecisionPatient codes involve collaboration or decision-making. But in this case, the patient is simply asking to reschedule, not discussing treatment options or preferences. So those codes don't fit here.\n\nAnother check: The current sentence isn't about providing information (InfoGive), seeking drug info (Drugs under InfoSeek), or any SDOH factors. It's purely about scheduling. \n\nTherefore, the correct code is InfoSeek with the subcode SchedulingAppt. The span to extract is the entire current sentence since the request is about changing the appointment date. Wait, but the instructions say to extract the minimal span. Let me see. The core part is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The entire sentence is the minimal span here because the date is part of the request. \n\nNo other codes apply here. The next sentence talks about the pharmacy's delay, but that's context and not part of the current sentence's span. \n\nSo the final answer should be a JSON object with the code InfoSeek, subcode SchedulingAppt, and the span as the current sentence.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\"}]}"]],"string":"[\n [\n \"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is asking a question, and I need to identify the appropriate codes and subcodes based on the given definitions. \\n\\nFirst, let me look at the input sentences. The previous sentence says, \\\"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The current sentence is, \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The next sentence explains, \\\"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned.\\\"\\n\\nStarting with the current sentence: \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The patient is asking if they can move up their lab work or appointment with Dr. Person1 to an earlier date. The key here is that they're seeking to change the appointment date, which relates to scheduling.\\n\\nLooking at the codes, the most relevant one here is InfoSeek, which involves obtaining information about administrative matters like scheduling. The subcode under InfoSeek that fits is SchedulingAppt, as the sentence is directly asking about changing the date of an appointment. \\n\\nNow, checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence mentions the pharmacy's delivery time for meds, which might be related to why the patient is concerned about the timing. However, the current sentence itself is specifically about moving the appointment date, so the focus remains on scheduling.\\n\\nI should also check if there's any other code that might apply. For instance, PartnershipPatient or SharedDecisionPatient codes involve collaboration or decision-making. But in this case, the patient is simply asking to reschedule, not discussing treatment options or preferences. So those codes don't fit here.\\n\\nAnother check: The current sentence isn't about providing information (InfoGive), seeking drug info (Drugs under InfoSeek), or any SDOH factors. It's purely about scheduling. \\n\\nTherefore, the correct code is InfoSeek with the subcode SchedulingAppt. The span to extract is the entire current sentence since the request is about changing the appointment date. Wait, but the instructions say to extract the minimal span. Let me see. The core part is \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The entire sentence is the minimal span here because the date is part of the request. \\n\\nNo other codes apply here. The next sentence talks about the pharmacy's delay, but that's context and not part of the current sentence's span. \\n\\nSo the final answer should be a JSON object with the code InfoSeek, subcode SchedulingAppt, and the span as the current sentence.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\"}]}\"\n ]\n]"},"filtered_resps":{"kind":"list like","value":["Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is asking a question, and I need to identify the appropriate codes and subcodes based on the given definitions. \n\nFirst, let me look at the input sentences. The previous sentence says, \"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" The current sentence is, \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The next sentence explains, \"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned.\"\n\nStarting with the current sentence: \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The patient is asking if they can move up their lab work or appointment with Dr. Person1 to an earlier date. The key here is that they're seeking to change the appointment date, which relates to scheduling.\n\nLooking at the codes, the most relevant one here is InfoSeek, which involves obtaining information about administrative matters like scheduling. The subcode under InfoSeek that fits is SchedulingAppt, as the sentence is directly asking about changing the date of an appointment. \n\nNow, checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence mentions the pharmacy's delivery time for meds, which might be related to why the patient is concerned about the timing. However, the current sentence itself is specifically about moving the appointment date, so the focus remains on scheduling.\n\nI should also check if there's any other code that might apply. For instance, PartnershipPatient or SharedDecisionPatient codes involve collaboration or decision-making. But in this case, the patient is simply asking to reschedule, not discussing treatment options or preferences. So those codes don't fit here.\n\nAnother check: The current sentence isn't about providing information (InfoGive), seeking drug info (Drugs under InfoSeek), or any SDOH factors. It's purely about scheduling. \n\nTherefore, the correct code is InfoSeek with the subcode SchedulingAppt. The span to extract is the entire current sentence since the request is about changing the appointment date. Wait, but the instructions say to extract the minimal span. Let me see. The core part is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The entire sentence is the minimal span here because the date is part of the request. \n\nNo other codes apply here. The next sentence talks about the pharmacy's delay, but that's context and not part of the current sentence's span. \n\nSo the final answer should be a JSON object with the code InfoSeek, subcode SchedulingAppt, and the span as the current sentence.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is asking a question, and I need to identify the appropriate codes and subcodes based on the given definitions. \\n\\nFirst, let me look at the input sentences. The previous sentence says, \\\"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The current sentence is, \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The next sentence explains, \\\"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned.\\\"\\n\\nStarting with the current sentence: \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The patient is asking if they can move up their lab work or appointment with Dr. Person1 to an earlier date. The key here is that they're seeking to change the appointment date, which relates to scheduling.\\n\\nLooking at the codes, the most relevant one here is InfoSeek, which involves obtaining information about administrative matters like scheduling. The subcode under InfoSeek that fits is SchedulingAppt, as the sentence is directly asking about changing the date of an appointment. \\n\\nNow, checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence mentions the pharmacy's delivery time for meds, which might be related to why the patient is concerned about the timing. However, the current sentence itself is specifically about moving the appointment date, so the focus remains on scheduling.\\n\\nI should also check if there's any other code that might apply. For instance, PartnershipPatient or SharedDecisionPatient codes involve collaboration or decision-making. But in this case, the patient is simply asking to reschedule, not discussing treatment options or preferences. So those codes don't fit here.\\n\\nAnother check: The current sentence isn't about providing information (InfoGive), seeking drug info (Drugs under InfoSeek), or any SDOH factors. It's purely about scheduling. \\n\\nTherefore, the correct code is InfoSeek with the subcode SchedulingAppt. The span to extract is the entire current sentence since the request is about changing the appointment date. Wait, but the instructions say to extract the minimal span. Let me see. The core part is \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The entire sentence is the minimal span here because the date is part of the request. \\n\\nNo other codes apply here. The next sentence talks about the pharmacy's delay, but that's context and not part of the current sentence's span. \\n\\nSo the final answer should be a JSON object with the code InfoSeek, subcode SchedulingAppt, and the span as the current sentence.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\"}]}\"\n]"},"filter":{"kind":"string","value":"none"},"metrics":{"kind":"list like","value":["evaluate_eppc"],"string":"[\n \"evaluate_eppc\"\n]"},"doc_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"9b1b0c55a440d024042049f0305a47bb4c5a456c389916c0647b3e13b3a1cc8a"},"prompt_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"680ff143b608aaa6755a51ad83028f16e119b4c552511500da190c2936336faa"},"target_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"ff3a9ea9655bc7cb396b060a8c66a112cf3f02f7ed126d01f49bf82f85348cc1"},"evaluate_eppc":{"kind":"list like","value":["{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Can I go before \"}]}","Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is asking a question, and I need to identify the appropriate codes and subcodes based on the given definitions. \n\nFirst, let me look at the input sentences. The previous sentence says, \"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" The current sentence is, \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The next sentence explains, \"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned.\"\n\nStarting with the current sentence: \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The patient is asking if they can move up their lab work or appointment with Dr. Person1 to an earlier date. The key here is that they're seeking to change the appointment date, which relates to scheduling.\n\nLooking at the codes, the most relevant one here is InfoSeek, which involves obtaining information about administrative matters like scheduling. The subcode under InfoSeek that fits is SchedulingAppt, as the sentence is directly asking about changing the date of an appointment. \n\nNow, checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence mentions the pharmacy's delivery time for meds, which might be related to why the patient is concerned about the timing. However, the current sentence itself is specifically about moving the appointment date, so the focus remains on scheduling.\n\nI should also check if there's any other code that might apply. For instance, PartnershipPatient or SharedDecisionPatient codes involve collaboration or decision-making. But in this case, the patient is simply asking to reschedule, not discussing treatment options or preferences. So those codes don't fit here.\n\nAnother check: The current sentence isn't about providing information (InfoGive), seeking drug info (Drugs under InfoSeek), or any SDOH factors. It's purely about scheduling. \n\nTherefore, the correct code is InfoSeek with the subcode SchedulingAppt. The span to extract is the entire current sentence since the request is about changing the appointment date. Wait, but the instructions say to extract the minimal span. Let me see. The core part is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The entire sentence is the minimal span here because the date is part of the request. \n\nNo other codes apply here. The next sentence talks about the pharmacy's delay, but that's context and not part of the current sentence's span. \n\nSo the final answer should be a JSON object with the code InfoSeek, subcode SchedulingAppt, and the span as the current sentence.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\"}]}"],"string":"[\n \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Can I go before \\\"}]}\",\n \"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is asking a question, and I need to identify the appropriate codes and subcodes based on the given definitions. \\n\\nFirst, let me look at the input sentences. The previous sentence says, \\\"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The current sentence is, \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The next sentence explains, \\\"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned.\\\"\\n\\nStarting with the current sentence: \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The patient is asking if they can move up their lab work or appointment with Dr. Person1 to an earlier date. The key here is that they're seeking to change the appointment date, which relates to scheduling.\\n\\nLooking at the codes, the most relevant one here is InfoSeek, which involves obtaining information about administrative matters like scheduling. The subcode under InfoSeek that fits is SchedulingAppt, as the sentence is directly asking about changing the date of an appointment. \\n\\nNow, checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence mentions the pharmacy's delivery time for meds, which might be related to why the patient is concerned about the timing. However, the current sentence itself is specifically about moving the appointment date, so the focus remains on scheduling.\\n\\nI should also check if there's any other code that might apply. For instance, PartnershipPatient or SharedDecisionPatient codes involve collaboration or decision-making. But in this case, the patient is simply asking to reschedule, not discussing treatment options or preferences. So those codes don't fit here.\\n\\nAnother check: The current sentence isn't about providing information (InfoGive), seeking drug info (Drugs under InfoSeek), or any SDOH factors. It's purely about scheduling. \\n\\nTherefore, the correct code is InfoSeek with the subcode SchedulingAppt. The span to extract is the entire current sentence since the request is about changing the appointment date. Wait, but the instructions say to extract the minimal span. Let me see. The core part is \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The entire sentence is the minimal span here because the date is part of the request. \\n\\nNo other codes apply here. The next sentence talks about the pharmacy's delay, but that's context and not part of the current sentence's span. \\n\\nSo the final answer should be a JSON object with the code InfoSeek, subcode SchedulingAppt, and the span as the current sentence.\\n</think>\\n\\n{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoSeek\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"SchedulingAppt\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\"}]}\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":99,"cells":{"doc_id":{"kind":"number","value":99,"string":"99"},"doc":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"query\": \"## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\n Current sentence: Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT:\",\n \"answer\": \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Drugs\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"Socioemotional/Empathy\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"ExpressConcern/unease\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"that's why I was concerned\\\"}]}\"\n}"},"target":{"kind":"string","value":"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds\"}, {\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"ExpressConcern/unease\", \"Span\": \"that's why I was concerned\"}]}"},"arguments":{"kind":"string","value":"{\n \"gen_args_0\": {\n \"arg_0\": \"<|im_start|>user\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: Hello Person1, Script will be sent over to the pharmacy tomorrow.\\n Current sentence: Thank You Person2\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"PartnershipProvider\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"signoff\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Thank You\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: I spoke with Person3 yesterday and she said to let you know today how it was going.\\n Current sentence: It was just under 20 ml in the past 24 hour and 18 ml, the previous 24 hours.\\n Next sentence: So I am hoping to come in today to have it out and also hoping to combine my 2 week post op visit with Dr Lynch at the same time.\\n\\nOUTPUT: {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Symptoms\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"It was just under 20 ml in the past 24 hour and 18 ml, the previous 24 hours\\\"}]}\\n\\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\\n\\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\\n1.2 Note:\\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \\\"salutation\\\" and \\\"connection,\\\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \\\"salutation\\\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \\\"salutation\\\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\\n\\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\\n## Code and Definitions:\\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n * EconomicStability:\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n\\n2. Code: InfoGive\\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Instruction\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n * Prognosis\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n\\n3. Code: InfoSeek\\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * SchedulingAppt\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\\n * Drugs\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\\n * Generalinformation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\\n * Diagnostics\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\\n * Symptoms\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\\n * carecoordination\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\\n\\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * EconomicStability\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\\n\\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * activeParticipation/involvement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\\n * statePreferences\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * expressOpinions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\\n\\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * inviteCollaboration\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\\n * maintainCommunication\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\\n * connection\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\\n * salutation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\\n * signoff\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\\n * Alignment\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \\\"on the same page\\\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\\n * build trust\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\\n\\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\\n * ExploreOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\\n * SeekingApproval\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\\n\\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * Approval/Reinforcement\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\\n * EncourageQuestions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\\n * ShareOptions\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\\n * MakeDecision\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\\n\\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\\nSub-Codes:\\n * AcknowledgeSituation\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\\n * ExpressConcern/unease\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\\n * Reassurance\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\\n * Sadness/fear\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\\n * PositiveRemarks\\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\\n\\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_1\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_1\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_1\\\"},...,{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"<Identified Code>_n\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"<Identified Sub-code>_n\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"<Extracted span>_n\\\"}]}\\n\\n\\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\\n Previous sentence: Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\n Current sentence: Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned\\n Next sentence: None\\n\\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\\n<|im_start|>assistant\\n<think>\\n\",\n \"arg_1\": {\n \"until\": [\n \"JSON_END\"\n ],\n \"do_sample\": false,\n \"temperature\": 0,\n \"max_gen_toks\": 1024\n }\n }\n}"},"resps":{"kind":"list like","value":[["Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is saying some sentences, and we need to analyze the current sentence to identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. \n\nFirst, let me read the input carefully. The patient's previous sentence is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The current sentence is \"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned,\" and the next sentence is none. \n\nStarting with step 1: Understand the input sentence. I need to look at the previous, current, and next sentences together. Since the next sentence is none, the current is the closing sentence. \n\nThe current sentence mentions that the pharmacy usually takes until a specific date to call about medication delivery, which is why the patient was concerned. The patient is explaining their concern related to medication delivery timing. \n\nMoving to step 2: Identify relevant codes. The current sentence is about the patient seeking information or expressing a concern related to medication delivery. Let's check the codes. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about obtaining knowledge about medical conditions, treatments, or administrative matters. The patient here is explaining their concern about the pharmacy's timeline for delivering meds. The mention of \"meds\" points to drugs. The sub-code under InfoSeek for drugs would be appropriate here. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under InfoGive? InfoGive is providing information. The patient is giving information about the pharmacy's usual timeline, but the context is that they were concerned, so maybe they are seeking reassurance or clarification. Wait, the previous sentence was a question (\"Can I go before...\"), so the current sentence is explaining why they were concerned. \n\nThe current sentence is part of the patient's explanation of their concern, so it's part of seeking information. The key here is that the patient is providing information to explain their concern, which might be part of seeking further clarification or action. \n\nAlternatively, maybe this is under PartnershipPatient, like expressing concern. Let me check the sub-codes for Socioemotional/Empathy. The patient is expressing concern, so maybe \"ExpressConcern/unease\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nWait, let's go through each code systematically. \n\nFirst, check if it's InfoSeek. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process regarding medication delivery. The main point is the delay in the pharmacy's call, leading to concern. The patient might be seeking confirmation or reassurance about their medication delivery, which would fall under InfoSeek. The sub-code here would be \"Drugs\" under InfoSeek, since it's about medications. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of the pharmacy's timeline could relate to care coordination, but looking at the sub-codes for InfoSeek, there's \"carecoordination\" as a sub-code. However, the sentence is more about the delay in receiving meds, so \"Drugs\" seems better. \n\nAlso, the patient is expressing concern, so maybe there's a Socioemotional/Empathy code here. The sub-code \"ExpressConcern/unease\" would fit because they're stating their worry about the delay. \n\nSo now I need to check if both codes can apply here. \n\nThe sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's usual timeline (InfoGive?) but the context is the patient's concern, so maybe it's more about seeking information or expressing emotion. \n\nWait, the current sentence is the patient explaining why they were concerned. The previous sentence was a question about going before a date, so the patient is giving a reason for their concern. \n\nSo, the current sentence is part of the patient's explanation, which could be under InfoGive (providing information about the pharmacy's process) but the intent is to explain their concern, so maybe it's under PartnershipPatient's \"expressOpinions\" or \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because they're sharing their experience and concern. \n\nAlternatively, since they are explaining the reason for their concern, it might be under Socioemotional/Empathy's \"ExpressConcern/unease\". \n\nLet me check the definitions again. \n\nFor InfoSeek: seeking knowledge about a treatment option or administrative matter. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process, which is an administrative matter. So \"InfoSeek\" with sub-code \"Drugs\" (since meds are involved) or \"Generalinformation\" if it's about the pharmacy's procedures. \n\nWait, \"Drugs\" sub-code under InfoSeek is for seeking information about medications. The patient is talking about the delivery of meds, so that's directly related to drugs. \n\nAdditionally, the patient is expressing concern, so \"ExpressConcern/unease\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nTherefore, two possible codes here: InfoSeek (Drugs) and Socioemotional/Empathy (ExpressConcern/unease). \n\nNow, checking the sub-codes again. \n\n"]],"string":"[\n [\n \"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is saying some sentences, and we need to analyze the current sentence to identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. \\n\\nFirst, let me read the input carefully. The patient's previous sentence is \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The current sentence is \\\"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned,\\\" and the next sentence is none. \\n\\nStarting with step 1: Understand the input sentence. I need to look at the previous, current, and next sentences together. Since the next sentence is none, the current is the closing sentence. \\n\\nThe current sentence mentions that the pharmacy usually takes until a specific date to call about medication delivery, which is why the patient was concerned. The patient is explaining their concern related to medication delivery timing. \\n\\nMoving to step 2: Identify relevant codes. The current sentence is about the patient seeking information or expressing a concern related to medication delivery. Let's check the codes. \\n\\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about obtaining knowledge about medical conditions, treatments, or administrative matters. The patient here is explaining their concern about the pharmacy's timeline for delivering meds. The mention of \\\"meds\\\" points to drugs. The sub-code under InfoSeek for drugs would be appropriate here. \\n\\nAlternatively, could this be under InfoGive? InfoGive is providing information. The patient is giving information about the pharmacy's usual timeline, but the context is that they were concerned, so maybe they are seeking reassurance or clarification. Wait, the previous sentence was a question (\\\"Can I go before...\\\"), so the current sentence is explaining why they were concerned. \\n\\nThe current sentence is part of the patient's explanation of their concern, so it's part of seeking information. The key here is that the patient is providing information to explain their concern, which might be part of seeking further clarification or action. \\n\\nAlternatively, maybe this is under PartnershipPatient, like expressing concern. Let me check the sub-codes for Socioemotional/Empathy. The patient is expressing concern, so maybe \\\"ExpressConcern/unease\\\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \\n\\nWait, let's go through each code systematically. \\n\\nFirst, check if it's InfoSeek. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process regarding medication delivery. The main point is the delay in the pharmacy's call, leading to concern. The patient might be seeking confirmation or reassurance about their medication delivery, which would fall under InfoSeek. The sub-code here would be \\\"Drugs\\\" under InfoSeek, since it's about medications. \\n\\nAlternatively, the mention of the pharmacy's timeline could relate to care coordination, but looking at the sub-codes for InfoSeek, there's \\\"carecoordination\\\" as a sub-code. However, the sentence is more about the delay in receiving meds, so \\\"Drugs\\\" seems better. \\n\\nAlso, the patient is expressing concern, so maybe there's a Socioemotional/Empathy code here. The sub-code \\\"ExpressConcern/unease\\\" would fit because they're stating their worry about the delay. \\n\\nSo now I need to check if both codes can apply here. \\n\\nThe sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's usual timeline (InfoGive?) but the context is the patient's concern, so maybe it's more about seeking information or expressing emotion. \\n\\nWait, the current sentence is the patient explaining why they were concerned. The previous sentence was a question about going before a date, so the patient is giving a reason for their concern. \\n\\nSo, the current sentence is part of the patient's explanation, which could be under InfoGive (providing information about the pharmacy's process) but the intent is to explain their concern, so maybe it's under PartnershipPatient's \\\"expressOpinions\\\" or \\\"activeParticipation/involvement\\\" because they're sharing their experience and concern. \\n\\nAlternatively, since they are explaining the reason for their concern, it might be under Socioemotional/Empathy's \\\"ExpressConcern/unease\\\". \\n\\nLet me check the definitions again. \\n\\nFor InfoSeek: seeking knowledge about a treatment option or administrative matter. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process, which is an administrative matter. So \\\"InfoSeek\\\" with sub-code \\\"Drugs\\\" (since meds are involved) or \\\"Generalinformation\\\" if it's about the pharmacy's procedures. \\n\\nWait, \\\"Drugs\\\" sub-code under InfoSeek is for seeking information about medications. The patient is talking about the delivery of meds, so that's directly related to drugs. \\n\\nAdditionally, the patient is expressing concern, so \\\"ExpressConcern/unease\\\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \\n\\nTherefore, two possible codes here: InfoSeek (Drugs) and Socioemotional/Empathy (ExpressConcern/unease). \\n\\nNow, checking the sub-codes again. \\n\\n\"\n ]\n]"},"filtered_resps":{"kind":"list like","value":["Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is saying some sentences, and we need to analyze the current sentence to identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. \n\nFirst, let me read the input carefully. The patient's previous sentence is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The current sentence is \"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned,\" and the next sentence is none. \n\nStarting with step 1: Understand the input sentence. I need to look at the previous, current, and next sentences together. Since the next sentence is none, the current is the closing sentence. \n\nThe current sentence mentions that the pharmacy usually takes until a specific date to call about medication delivery, which is why the patient was concerned. The patient is explaining their concern related to medication delivery timing. \n\nMoving to step 2: Identify relevant codes. The current sentence is about the patient seeking information or expressing a concern related to medication delivery. Let's check the codes. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about obtaining knowledge about medical conditions, treatments, or administrative matters. The patient here is explaining their concern about the pharmacy's timeline for delivering meds. The mention of \"meds\" points to drugs. The sub-code under InfoSeek for drugs would be appropriate here. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under InfoGive? InfoGive is providing information. The patient is giving information about the pharmacy's usual timeline, but the context is that they were concerned, so maybe they are seeking reassurance or clarification. Wait, the previous sentence was a question (\"Can I go before...\"), so the current sentence is explaining why they were concerned. \n\nThe current sentence is part of the patient's explanation of their concern, so it's part of seeking information. The key here is that the patient is providing information to explain their concern, which might be part of seeking further clarification or action. \n\nAlternatively, maybe this is under PartnershipPatient, like expressing concern. Let me check the sub-codes for Socioemotional/Empathy. The patient is expressing concern, so maybe \"ExpressConcern/unease\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nWait, let's go through each code systematically. \n\nFirst, check if it's InfoSeek. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process regarding medication delivery. The main point is the delay in the pharmacy's call, leading to concern. The patient might be seeking confirmation or reassurance about their medication delivery, which would fall under InfoSeek. The sub-code here would be \"Drugs\" under InfoSeek, since it's about medications. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of the pharmacy's timeline could relate to care coordination, but looking at the sub-codes for InfoSeek, there's \"carecoordination\" as a sub-code. However, the sentence is more about the delay in receiving meds, so \"Drugs\" seems better. \n\nAlso, the patient is expressing concern, so maybe there's a Socioemotional/Empathy code here. The sub-code \"ExpressConcern/unease\" would fit because they're stating their worry about the delay. \n\nSo now I need to check if both codes can apply here. \n\nThe sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's usual timeline (InfoGive?) but the context is the patient's concern, so maybe it's more about seeking information or expressing emotion. \n\nWait, the current sentence is the patient explaining why they were concerned. The previous sentence was a question about going before a date, so the patient is giving a reason for their concern. \n\nSo, the current sentence is part of the patient's explanation, which could be under InfoGive (providing information about the pharmacy's process) but the intent is to explain their concern, so maybe it's under PartnershipPatient's \"expressOpinions\" or \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because they're sharing their experience and concern. \n\nAlternatively, since they are explaining the reason for their concern, it might be under Socioemotional/Empathy's \"ExpressConcern/unease\". \n\nLet me check the definitions again. \n\nFor InfoSeek: seeking knowledge about a treatment option or administrative matter. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process, which is an administrative matter. So \"InfoSeek\" with sub-code \"Drugs\" (since meds are involved) or \"Generalinformation\" if it's about the pharmacy's procedures. \n\nWait, \"Drugs\" sub-code under InfoSeek is for seeking information about medications. The patient is talking about the delivery of meds, so that's directly related to drugs. \n\nAdditionally, the patient is expressing concern, so \"ExpressConcern/unease\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nTherefore, two possible codes here: InfoSeek (Drugs) and Socioemotional/Empathy (ExpressConcern/unease). \n\nNow, checking the sub-codes again. \n\n"],"string":"[\n \"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is saying some sentences, and we need to analyze the current sentence to identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. \\n\\nFirst, let me read the input carefully. The patient's previous sentence is \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The current sentence is \\\"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned,\\\" and the next sentence is none. \\n\\nStarting with step 1: Understand the input sentence. I need to look at the previous, current, and next sentences together. Since the next sentence is none, the current is the closing sentence. \\n\\nThe current sentence mentions that the pharmacy usually takes until a specific date to call about medication delivery, which is why the patient was concerned. The patient is explaining their concern related to medication delivery timing. \\n\\nMoving to step 2: Identify relevant codes. The current sentence is about the patient seeking information or expressing a concern related to medication delivery. Let's check the codes. \\n\\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about obtaining knowledge about medical conditions, treatments, or administrative matters. The patient here is explaining their concern about the pharmacy's timeline for delivering meds. The mention of \\\"meds\\\" points to drugs. The sub-code under InfoSeek for drugs would be appropriate here. \\n\\nAlternatively, could this be under InfoGive? InfoGive is providing information. The patient is giving information about the pharmacy's usual timeline, but the context is that they were concerned, so maybe they are seeking reassurance or clarification. Wait, the previous sentence was a question (\\\"Can I go before...\\\"), so the current sentence is explaining why they were concerned. \\n\\nThe current sentence is part of the patient's explanation of their concern, so it's part of seeking information. The key here is that the patient is providing information to explain their concern, which might be part of seeking further clarification or action. \\n\\nAlternatively, maybe this is under PartnershipPatient, like expressing concern. Let me check the sub-codes for Socioemotional/Empathy. The patient is expressing concern, so maybe \\\"ExpressConcern/unease\\\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \\n\\nWait, let's go through each code systematically. \\n\\nFirst, check if it's InfoSeek. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process regarding medication delivery. The main point is the delay in the pharmacy's call, leading to concern. The patient might be seeking confirmation or reassurance about their medication delivery, which would fall under InfoSeek. The sub-code here would be \\\"Drugs\\\" under InfoSeek, since it's about medications. \\n\\nAlternatively, the mention of the pharmacy's timeline could relate to care coordination, but looking at the sub-codes for InfoSeek, there's \\\"carecoordination\\\" as a sub-code. However, the sentence is more about the delay in receiving meds, so \\\"Drugs\\\" seems better. \\n\\nAlso, the patient is expressing concern, so maybe there's a Socioemotional/Empathy code here. The sub-code \\\"ExpressConcern/unease\\\" would fit because they're stating their worry about the delay. \\n\\nSo now I need to check if both codes can apply here. \\n\\nThe sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's usual timeline (InfoGive?) but the context is the patient's concern, so maybe it's more about seeking information or expressing emotion. \\n\\nWait, the current sentence is the patient explaining why they were concerned. The previous sentence was a question about going before a date, so the patient is giving a reason for their concern. \\n\\nSo, the current sentence is part of the patient's explanation, which could be under InfoGive (providing information about the pharmacy's process) but the intent is to explain their concern, so maybe it's under PartnershipPatient's \\\"expressOpinions\\\" or \\\"activeParticipation/involvement\\\" because they're sharing their experience and concern. \\n\\nAlternatively, since they are explaining the reason for their concern, it might be under Socioemotional/Empathy's \\\"ExpressConcern/unease\\\". \\n\\nLet me check the definitions again. \\n\\nFor InfoSeek: seeking knowledge about a treatment option or administrative matter. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process, which is an administrative matter. So \\\"InfoSeek\\\" with sub-code \\\"Drugs\\\" (since meds are involved) or \\\"Generalinformation\\\" if it's about the pharmacy's procedures. \\n\\nWait, \\\"Drugs\\\" sub-code under InfoSeek is for seeking information about medications. The patient is talking about the delivery of meds, so that's directly related to drugs. \\n\\nAdditionally, the patient is expressing concern, so \\\"ExpressConcern/unease\\\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \\n\\nTherefore, two possible codes here: InfoSeek (Drugs) and Socioemotional/Empathy (ExpressConcern/unease). \\n\\nNow, checking the sub-codes again. \\n\\n\"\n]"},"filter":{"kind":"string","value":"none"},"metrics":{"kind":"list like","value":["evaluate_eppc"],"string":"[\n \"evaluate_eppc\"\n]"},"doc_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"aa1360c8159890dde2e3318777cf6fabb502a616b770afaf68601d1a8905d67c"},"prompt_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"29376a640f330dc1289353e9b409db36dcb59b5f4dd44a328bde255f69390d81"},"target_hash":{"kind":"string","value":"35a581a1c12a8562decfb89d26661a05695aaf39cabdbf9da3b6328ab074101f"},"evaluate_eppc":{"kind":"list like","value":["{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds\"}, {\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"ExpressConcern/unease\", \"Span\": \"that's why I was concerned\"}]}","Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is saying some sentences, and we need to analyze the current sentence to identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. \n\nFirst, let me read the input carefully. The patient's previous sentence is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The current sentence is \"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned,\" and the next sentence is none. \n\nStarting with step 1: Understand the input sentence. I need to look at the previous, current, and next sentences together. Since the next sentence is none, the current is the closing sentence. \n\nThe current sentence mentions that the pharmacy usually takes until a specific date to call about medication delivery, which is why the patient was concerned. The patient is explaining their concern related to medication delivery timing. \n\nMoving to step 2: Identify relevant codes. The current sentence is about the patient seeking information or expressing a concern related to medication delivery. Let's check the codes. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about obtaining knowledge about medical conditions, treatments, or administrative matters. The patient here is explaining their concern about the pharmacy's timeline for delivering meds. The mention of \"meds\" points to drugs. The sub-code under InfoSeek for drugs would be appropriate here. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under InfoGive? InfoGive is providing information. The patient is giving information about the pharmacy's usual timeline, but the context is that they were concerned, so maybe they are seeking reassurance or clarification. Wait, the previous sentence was a question (\"Can I go before...\"), so the current sentence is explaining why they were concerned. \n\nThe current sentence is part of the patient's explanation of their concern, so it's part of seeking information. The key here is that the patient is providing information to explain their concern, which might be part of seeking further clarification or action. \n\nAlternatively, maybe this is under PartnershipPatient, like expressing concern. Let me check the sub-codes for Socioemotional/Empathy. The patient is expressing concern, so maybe \"ExpressConcern/unease\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nWait, let's go through each code systematically. \n\nFirst, check if it's InfoSeek. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process regarding medication delivery. The main point is the delay in the pharmacy's call, leading to concern. The patient might be seeking confirmation or reassurance about their medication delivery, which would fall under InfoSeek. The sub-code here would be \"Drugs\" under InfoSeek, since it's about medications. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of the pharmacy's timeline could relate to care coordination, but looking at the sub-codes for InfoSeek, there's \"carecoordination\" as a sub-code. However, the sentence is more about the delay in receiving meds, so \"Drugs\" seems better. \n\nAlso, the patient is expressing concern, so maybe there's a Socioemotional/Empathy code here. The sub-code \"ExpressConcern/unease\" would fit because they're stating their worry about the delay. \n\nSo now I need to check if both codes can apply here. \n\nThe sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's usual timeline (InfoGive?) but the context is the patient's concern, so maybe it's more about seeking information or expressing emotion. \n\nWait, the current sentence is the patient explaining why they were concerned. The previous sentence was a question about going before a date, so the patient is giving a reason for their concern. \n\nSo, the current sentence is part of the patient's explanation, which could be under InfoGive (providing information about the pharmacy's process) but the intent is to explain their concern, so maybe it's under PartnershipPatient's \"expressOpinions\" or \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because they're sharing their experience and concern. \n\nAlternatively, since they are explaining the reason for their concern, it might be under Socioemotional/Empathy's \"ExpressConcern/unease\". \n\nLet me check the definitions again. \n\nFor InfoSeek: seeking knowledge about a treatment option or administrative matter. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process, which is an administrative matter. So \"InfoSeek\" with sub-code \"Drugs\" (since meds are involved) or \"Generalinformation\" if it's about the pharmacy's procedures. \n\nWait, \"Drugs\" sub-code under InfoSeek is for seeking information about medications. The patient is talking about the delivery of meds, so that's directly related to drugs. \n\nAdditionally, the patient is expressing concern, so \"ExpressConcern/unease\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nTherefore, two possible codes here: InfoSeek (Drugs) and Socioemotional/Empathy (ExpressConcern/unease). \n\nNow, checking the sub-codes again. \n\n"],"string":"[\n \"{\\\"results\\\": [{\\\"Code\\\": \\\"InfoGive\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"Drugs\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds\\\"}, {\\\"Code\\\": \\\"Socioemotional/Empathy\\\", \\\"Sub-code\\\": \\\"ExpressConcern/unease\\\", \\\"Span\\\": \\\"that's why I was concerned\\\"}]}\",\n \"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is saying some sentences, and we need to analyze the current sentence to identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. \\n\\nFirst, let me read the input carefully. The patient's previous sentence is \\\"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\\\" The current sentence is \\\"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned,\\\" and the next sentence is none. \\n\\nStarting with step 1: Understand the input sentence. I need to look at the previous, current, and next sentences together. Since the next sentence is none, the current is the closing sentence. \\n\\nThe current sentence mentions that the pharmacy usually takes until a specific date to call about medication delivery, which is why the patient was concerned. The patient is explaining their concern related to medication delivery timing. \\n\\nMoving to step 2: Identify relevant codes. The current sentence is about the patient seeking information or expressing a concern related to medication delivery. Let's check the codes. \\n\\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about obtaining knowledge about medical conditions, treatments, or administrative matters. The patient here is explaining their concern about the pharmacy's timeline for delivering meds. The mention of \\\"meds\\\" points to drugs. The sub-code under InfoSeek for drugs would be appropriate here. \\n\\nAlternatively, could this be under InfoGive? InfoGive is providing information. The patient is giving information about the pharmacy's usual timeline, but the context is that they were concerned, so maybe they are seeking reassurance or clarification. Wait, the previous sentence was a question (\\\"Can I go before...\\\"), so the current sentence is explaining why they were concerned. \\n\\nThe current sentence is part of the patient's explanation of their concern, so it's part of seeking information. The key here is that the patient is providing information to explain their concern, which might be part of seeking further clarification or action. \\n\\nAlternatively, maybe this is under PartnershipPatient, like expressing concern. Let me check the sub-codes for Socioemotional/Empathy. The patient is expressing concern, so maybe \\\"ExpressConcern/unease\\\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \\n\\nWait, let's go through each code systematically. \\n\\nFirst, check if it's InfoSeek. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process regarding medication delivery. The main point is the delay in the pharmacy's call, leading to concern. The patient might be seeking confirmation or reassurance about their medication delivery, which would fall under InfoSeek. The sub-code here would be \\\"Drugs\\\" under InfoSeek, since it's about medications. \\n\\nAlternatively, the mention of the pharmacy's timeline could relate to care coordination, but looking at the sub-codes for InfoSeek, there's \\\"carecoordination\\\" as a sub-code. However, the sentence is more about the delay in receiving meds, so \\\"Drugs\\\" seems better. \\n\\nAlso, the patient is expressing concern, so maybe there's a Socioemotional/Empathy code here. The sub-code \\\"ExpressConcern/unease\\\" would fit because they're stating their worry about the delay. \\n\\nSo now I need to check if both codes can apply here. \\n\\nThe sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's usual timeline (InfoGive?) but the context is the patient's concern, so maybe it's more about seeking information or expressing emotion. \\n\\nWait, the current sentence is the patient explaining why they were concerned. The previous sentence was a question about going before a date, so the patient is giving a reason for their concern. \\n\\nSo, the current sentence is part of the patient's explanation, which could be under InfoGive (providing information about the pharmacy's process) but the intent is to explain their concern, so maybe it's under PartnershipPatient's \\\"expressOpinions\\\" or \\\"activeParticipation/involvement\\\" because they're sharing their experience and concern. \\n\\nAlternatively, since they are explaining the reason for their concern, it might be under Socioemotional/Empathy's \\\"ExpressConcern/unease\\\". \\n\\nLet me check the definitions again. \\n\\nFor InfoSeek: seeking knowledge about a treatment option or administrative matter. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process, which is an administrative matter. So \\\"InfoSeek\\\" with sub-code \\\"Drugs\\\" (since meds are involved) or \\\"Generalinformation\\\" if it's about the pharmacy's procedures. \\n\\nWait, \\\"Drugs\\\" sub-code under InfoSeek is for seeking information about medications. The patient is talking about the delivery of meds, so that's directly related to drugs. \\n\\nAdditionally, the patient is expressing concern, so \\\"ExpressConcern/unease\\\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \\n\\nTherefore, two possible codes here: InfoSeek (Drugs) and Socioemotional/Empathy (ExpressConcern/unease). \\n\\nNow, checking the sub-codes again. \\n\\n\"\n]"}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":false},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":0,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":1933,"offset":0,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSJ9.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTc3MjA3ODMwMiwic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL1lhbkFkamVOb2xlL2VwcGMtMnNob3QiLCJleHAiOjE3NzIwODE5MDIsImlzcyI6Imh0dHBzOi8vaHVnZ2luZ2ZhY2UuY28ifQ.oH8G-I-Kaqd2zsc88joZ2Av4gzmm22S8-GlokKeG6OQGsgsFG7hgSkdbeGBeuAqcSTWXX7IwX3hrbEROguGxAA","displayUrls":true,"splitSizeSummaries":[{"config":"Qwen__QwQ-32B-AWQ__EppcExtraction","split":"2025_11_14T14_57_47.537887","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":41872870},{"config":"Qwen__QwQ-32B-AWQ__EppcExtraction","split":"latest","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":41872870},{"config":"Qwen__Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct__EppcExtraction","split":"2025_11_18T17_11_48.768867","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":27221887},{"config":"Qwen__Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct__EppcExtraction","split":"latest","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":27221887},{"config":"Qwen__Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct__EppcExtraction","split":"2025_11_18T16_29_09.098283","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":27162830},{"config":"Qwen__Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct__EppcExtraction","split":"latest","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":27162830},{"config":"YanAdjeNole__sdoh-llama-3.3-70b__EppcExtraction","split":"2025_11_14T08_22_34.185980","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":36229618},{"config":"YanAdjeNole__sdoh-llama-3.3-70b__EppcExtraction","split":"latest","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":36229618},{"config":"aaditya__Llama3-OpenBioLLM-70B__EppcExtraction","split":"2025_11_17T03_05_34.314886","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":35488333},{"config":"aaditya__Llama3-OpenBioLLM-70B__EppcExtraction","split":"latest","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":35488333},{"config":"deepseek-ai__DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B__EppcExtraction","split":"2025_11_15T11_02_30.853949","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":41018496},{"config":"deepseek-ai__DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-70B__EppcExtraction","split":"latest","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":41018496},{"config":"deepseek-ai__DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B__EppcExtraction","split":"2025_11_14T18_44_02.128556","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":38525895},{"config":"deepseek-ai__DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B__EppcExtraction","split":"latest","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":38525895},{"config":"google__gemma-2-27b-it__EppcExtraction","split":"2025_11_14T05_12_03.339860","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":35422331},{"config":"google__gemma-2-27b-it__EppcExtraction","split":"latest","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":35422331},{"config":"meta-llama__Llama-3.1-70B-Instruct__EppcExtraction","split":"2025_11_15T19_33_48.432887","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":35762199},{"config":"meta-llama__Llama-3.1-70B-Instruct__EppcExtraction","split":"latest","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":35762199},{"config":"meta-llama__Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct__EppcExtraction","split":"2025_11_18T16_43_45.983527","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":27481127},{"config":"meta-llama__Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct__EppcExtraction","split":"latest","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":27481127},{"config":"meta-llama__Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct__EppcExtraction","split":"2025_11_18T17_05_16.673032","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":29339830},{"config":"meta-llama__Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct__EppcExtraction","split":"latest","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":29339830},{"config":"meta-llama__Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct__EppcExtraction","split":"2025_11_18T16_55_14.598270","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":28179427},{"config":"meta-llama__Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct__EppcExtraction","split":"latest","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":28179427},{"config":"meta-llama__Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct__EppcExtraction","split":"2025_11_16T04_06_26.242886","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":35737303},{"config":"meta-llama__Llama-3.3-70B-Instruct__EppcExtraction","split":"latest","numRows":1933,"numBytesParquet":35737303}]},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":1,"total":1},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false,"savedQueries":{"community":[],"user":[]}}">
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"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi there, 1) He definitely needs/ an appt to review the PET scan with Dr. Person1, Im sorry that wasn't set up earlier, we can set something up for MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: In person or telemed?\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi there\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"He definitely needs/\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "salutation", "Span": "Hi there"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "He definitely needs/"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Dr. Person1 has sent an order for a new PET scan (attached).\n Next sentence: He says it is a-okay for Person2 to have it done at G Hosp, considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"sent an order for a new PET scan\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person1, Thanks for your reply.\n Next sentence: Much appreciated! Person2\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thanks for your reply\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi there, 1) He definitely needs/ an appt to review the PET scan with Dr. Person1, Im sorry that wasn't set up earlier, we can set something up for MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: In person or telemed?\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the provider and starts with \"Hi there...\" so first, I need to check if it's the opening sentence. Since the previous sentence is None, yes, it's the opening. The first part \"Hi there\" is a greeting, so that's a salutation. Under PartnershipProvider's sub-codes, salutation fits here because the provider is greeting the patient.\n\nNext, looking at \"He definitely needs an appt to review the PET scan with Dr. Person1.\" The mention of an appointment is SchedulingAppt. That falls under InfoGive's sub-code SchedulingAppt because the provider is giving information about scheduling. \n\nThen there's \"I'm sorry that wasn't set up earlier.\" This is an acknowledgment of a mistake, so that's AcknowledgeSituation under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nFinally, \"we can set something up for MM/DD/YYYY\" is again about scheduling the appointment, so another SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. \n\nThe next sentence asks about in-person or telemed, which is about the appointment type, but since we're only looking at the current sentence, we don't include that here. \n\nSo the codes and sub-codes would be:\n- PartnershipProvider: salutation for \"Hi there\"\n- InfoGive: SchedulingAppt for \"needs an appt...\"\n- Socioemotional/Empathy: AcknowledgeSituation for \"I'm sorry...\"\n- InfoGive: SchedulingAppt again for setting the date.\n\nWait, but the same sub-code can be used multiple times in the same sentence. So each instance where scheduling is mentioned gets the SchedulingAppt sub-code. The spans need to be specific phrases. Let me check the exact phrases again. \n\n\"Hi there\" is the salutation. \n\n\"needs an appt to review the PET scan with Dr. Person1\" is the first scheduling mention. \n\n\"I'm sorry that wasn't set up earlier\" is the acknowledgment. \n\n\"set something up for MM/DD/YYYY\" is the second scheduling part. \n\nSo the spans would be those phrases. \n\nAlso, ensure that the sub-codes are correctly under their codes. SchedulingAppt is under InfoGive, which is correct. Salutation under PartnershipProvider. AcknowledgeSituation under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nNo other elements seem present here. The next sentence is about the type of appointment, but that's separate. \n\nSo the final JSON should list each of these with their respective codes and spans.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi there\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"needs an appt to review the PET scan with Dr. Person1\"}, {\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"AcknowledgeSituation\", \"Span\": \"I'm sorry that wasn't set up earlier\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"set something up for MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the provider and starts with \"Hi there...\" so first, I need to check if it's the opening sentence. Since the previous sentence is None, yes, it's the opening. The first part \"Hi there\" is a greeting, so that's a salutation. Under PartnershipProvider's sub-codes, salutation fits here because the provider is greeting the patient.\n\nNext, looking at \"He definitely needs an appt to review the PET scan with Dr. Person1.\" The mention of an appointment is SchedulingAppt. That falls under InfoGive's sub-code SchedulingAppt because the provider is giving information about scheduling. \n\nThen there's \"I'm sorry that wasn't set up earlier.\" This is an acknowledgment of a mistake, so that's AcknowledgeSituation under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nFinally, \"we can set something up for MM/DD/YYYY\" is again about scheduling the appointment, so another SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. \n\nThe next sentence asks about in-person or telemed, which is about the appointment type, but since we're only looking at the current sentence, we don't include that here. \n\nSo the codes and sub-codes would be:\n- PartnershipProvider: salutation for \"Hi there\"\n- InfoGive: SchedulingAppt for \"needs an appt...\"\n- Socioemotional/Empathy: AcknowledgeSituation for \"I'm sorry...\"\n- InfoGive: SchedulingAppt again for setting the date.\n\nWait, but the same sub-code can be used multiple times in the same sentence. So each instance where scheduling is mentioned gets the SchedulingAppt sub-code. The spans need to be specific phrases. Let me check the exact phrases again. \n\n\"Hi there\" is the salutation. \n\n\"needs an appt to review the PET scan with Dr. Person1\" is the first scheduling mention. \n\n\"I'm sorry that wasn't set up earlier\" is the acknowledgment. \n\n\"set something up for MM/DD/YYYY\" is the second scheduling part. \n\nSo the spans would be those phrases. \n\nAlso, ensure that the sub-codes are correctly under their codes. SchedulingAppt is under InfoGive, which is correct. Salutation under PartnershipProvider. AcknowledgeSituation under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nNo other elements seem present here. The next sentence is about the type of appointment, but that's separate. \n\nSo the final JSON should list each of these with their respective codes and spans.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi there\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"needs an appt to review the PET scan with Dr. Person1\"}, {\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"AcknowledgeSituation\", \"Span\": \"I'm sorry that wasn't set up earlier\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"set something up for MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
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"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi there\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"He definitely needs/\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the provider and starts with \"Hi there...\" so first, I need to check if it's the opening sentence. Since the previous sentence is None, yes, it's the opening. The first part \"Hi there\" is a greeting, so that's a salutation. Under PartnershipProvider's sub-codes, salutation fits here because the provider is greeting the patient.\n\nNext, looking at \"He definitely needs an appt to review the PET scan with Dr. Person1.\" The mention of an appointment is SchedulingAppt. That falls under InfoGive's sub-code SchedulingAppt because the provider is giving information about scheduling. \n\nThen there's \"I'm sorry that wasn't set up earlier.\" This is an acknowledgment of a mistake, so that's AcknowledgeSituation under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nFinally, \"we can set something up for MM/DD/YYYY\" is again about scheduling the appointment, so another SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. \n\nThe next sentence asks about in-person or telemed, which is about the appointment type, but since we're only looking at the current sentence, we don't include that here. \n\nSo the codes and sub-codes would be:\n- PartnershipProvider: salutation for \"Hi there\"\n- InfoGive: SchedulingAppt for \"needs an appt...\"\n- Socioemotional/Empathy: AcknowledgeSituation for \"I'm sorry...\"\n- InfoGive: SchedulingAppt again for setting the date.\n\nWait, but the same sub-code can be used multiple times in the same sentence. So each instance where scheduling is mentioned gets the SchedulingAppt sub-code. The spans need to be specific phrases. Let me check the exact phrases again. \n\n\"Hi there\" is the salutation. \n\n\"needs an appt to review the PET scan with Dr. Person1\" is the first scheduling mention. \n\n\"I'm sorry that wasn't set up earlier\" is the acknowledgment. \n\n\"set something up for MM/DD/YYYY\" is the second scheduling part. \n\nSo the spans would be those phrases. \n\nAlso, ensure that the sub-codes are correctly under their codes. SchedulingAppt is under InfoGive, which is correct. Salutation under PartnershipProvider. AcknowledgeSituation under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nNo other elements seem present here. The next sentence is about the type of appointment, but that's separate. \n\nSo the final JSON should list each of these with their respective codes and spans.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi there\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"needs an appt to review the PET scan with Dr. Person1\"}, {\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"AcknowledgeSituation\", \"Span\": \"I'm sorry that wasn't set up earlier\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"set something up for MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
] |
1 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi there, 1) He definitely needs/ an appt to review the PET scan with Dr. Person1, Im sorry that wasn't set up earlier, we can set something up for MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: In person or telemed?\n Next sentence: 2) Also , Dr. Person1 would be happy to see you to r/o hemachromatosis, let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt Person2\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"inviteCollaboration\", \"Span\": \"In person or telemed?\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "inviteCollaboration", "Span": "In person or telemed?"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Yes please, do yo need a refill for the dexamethasone?\n Next sentence: -- Person\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Approval/Reinforcement\", \"Span\": \"Yes please\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"do yo need a refill for the dexamethasone?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I've set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\n Current sentence: Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: 30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY, considering ste p down and a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi there, 1) He definitely needs/ an appt to review the PET scan with Dr. Person1, Im sorry that wasn't set up earlier, we can set something up for MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: In person or telemed?\n Next sentence: 2) Also , Dr. Person1 would be happy to see you to r/o hemachromatosis, let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt Person2\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"In person or telemed?\" from the provider. First, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions setting up an appointment for a PET scan review, and the next one talks about another appointment for hemochromatosis. The provider is asking about the preferred method of the appointment.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive has a subcode SchedulingAppt, which deals with dates and times of appointments. The question is about the type of appointment (in person vs. telemedicine), so that's definitely about scheduling. The provider is giving the option, so it's part of providing information related to scheduling. \n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipProvider, specifically inviteCollaboration, since the provider is asking the patient's preference. But the question is more about scheduling details rather than inviting collaboration on treatment decisions. So the main code here is InfoGive with the SchedulingAppt subcode. The span is the entire question \"In person or telemed?\" because it's directly about the appointment type.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"In person or telemed?\"}]}"
]
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"In person or telemed?\" from the provider. First, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions setting up an appointment for a PET scan review, and the next one talks about another appointment for hemochromatosis. The provider is asking about the preferred method of the appointment.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive has a subcode SchedulingAppt, which deals with dates and times of appointments. The question is about the type of appointment (in person vs. telemedicine), so that's definitely about scheduling. The provider is giving the option, so it's part of providing information related to scheduling. \n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipProvider, specifically inviteCollaboration, since the provider is asking the patient's preference. But the question is more about scheduling details rather than inviting collaboration on treatment decisions. So the main code here is InfoGive with the SchedulingAppt subcode. The span is the entire question \"In person or telemed?\" because it's directly about the appointment type.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"In person or telemed?\"}]}"
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"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"inviteCollaboration\", \"Span\": \"In person or telemed?\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"In person or telemed?\" from the provider. First, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions setting up an appointment for a PET scan review, and the next one talks about another appointment for hemochromatosis. The provider is asking about the preferred method of the appointment.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive has a subcode SchedulingAppt, which deals with dates and times of appointments. The question is about the type of appointment (in person vs. telemedicine), so that's definitely about scheduling. The provider is giving the option, so it's part of providing information related to scheduling. \n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipProvider, specifically inviteCollaboration, since the provider is asking the patient's preference. But the question is more about scheduling details rather than inviting collaboration on treatment decisions. So the main code here is InfoGive with the SchedulingAppt subcode. The span is the entire question \"In person or telemed?\" because it's directly about the appointment type.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"In person or telemed?\"}]}"
] |
2 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: In person or telemed?\n Current sentence: 2) Also , Dr. Person1 would be happy to see you to r/o hemachromatosis, let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt Person2\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \"be happy to\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \"if you need help\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "connection", "Span": "be happy to"}, {"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "connection", "Span": "if you need help"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi.\n Current sentence: As I can schedule with infusion for bloodwork, is someone on the team scheduling?\n Next sentence: I am booked all day MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"As I can schedule with infusion for bloodwork, is someone on the team scheduling?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hello Person1, Good seeing you yesterday.\n Next sentence: I forgot to ask a you question concerning when I should get my next Covid booster shot?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \"Good seeing you yesterday\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: In person or telemed?\n Current sentence: 2) Also , Dr. Person1 would be happy to see you to r/o hemachromatosis, let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt Person2\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"until": [
"JSON_END"
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"do_sample": false,
"temperature": 0,
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the provider, so I need to look at the codes related to providers. The sentence is: \"2) Also , Dr. Person1 would be happy to see you to r/o hemachromatosis, let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt Person2\". \n\nFirst, I'll check the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence is \"In person or telemed?\" which is about scheduling options. The next sentence is None, so the current is the closing sentence. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, the provider mentions Dr. Person1 being happy to see the patient for a diagnosis (r/o is \"rule out\") of hemachromatosis. Then they say to let them know if help is needed with an appointment. \n\nBreaking it down: \n\n1. The part about Dr. Person1 seeing the patient relates to diagnostics (since it's about ruling out a condition). That would fall under InfoGive's Sub-code Diagnostics. \n\n2. The second part, \"let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt\" is about scheduling an appointment. The Sub-code here would be SchedulingAppt under InfoGive, since the provider is offering assistance with scheduling. \n\nWait, but let me check the codes again. InfoGive is about providing information, so yes, the provider is giving info on both the diagnostic process and scheduling help. \n\nAlso, the mention of \"let me know\" might be part of maintaining communication, but since the main action here is providing info on diagnostics and scheduling, those are the primary codes. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The provider isn't building trust or showing empathy here, just giving info. \n\nSo the spans would be: \n\n- \"to r/o hemachromatosis\" for Diagnostics under InfoGive. \n\n- \"let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt\" for SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. \n\nWait, but the exact span for SchedulingAppt should be the part about the appointment. Maybe \"let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt\" is the key phrase here. \n\nAlso, the \"2)\" at the start might be a list item, but that's probably not relevant. \n\nSo the final codes would be two entries: one for Diagnostics and one for SchedulingAppt under InfoGive.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"to r/o hemachromatosis\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the provider, so I need to look at the codes related to providers. The sentence is: \"2) Also , Dr. Person1 would be happy to see you to r/o hemachromatosis, let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt Person2\". \n\nFirst, I'll check the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence is \"In person or telemed?\" which is about scheduling options. The next sentence is None, so the current is the closing sentence. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, the provider mentions Dr. Person1 being happy to see the patient for a diagnosis (r/o is \"rule out\") of hemachromatosis. Then they say to let them know if help is needed with an appointment. \n\nBreaking it down: \n\n1. The part about Dr. Person1 seeing the patient relates to diagnostics (since it's about ruling out a condition). That would fall under InfoGive's Sub-code Diagnostics. \n\n2. The second part, \"let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt\" is about scheduling an appointment. The Sub-code here would be SchedulingAppt under InfoGive, since the provider is offering assistance with scheduling. \n\nWait, but let me check the codes again. InfoGive is about providing information, so yes, the provider is giving info on both the diagnostic process and scheduling help. \n\nAlso, the mention of \"let me know\" might be part of maintaining communication, but since the main action here is providing info on diagnostics and scheduling, those are the primary codes. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The provider isn't building trust or showing empathy here, just giving info. \n\nSo the spans would be: \n\n- \"to r/o hemachromatosis\" for Diagnostics under InfoGive. \n\n- \"let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt\" for SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. \n\nWait, but the exact span for SchedulingAppt should be the part about the appointment. Maybe \"let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt\" is the key phrase here. \n\nAlso, the \"2)\" at the start might be a list item, but that's probably not relevant. \n\nSo the final codes would be two entries: one for Diagnostics and one for SchedulingAppt under InfoGive.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"to r/o hemachromatosis\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 183126ab100d933fa8d66921791993ea57372a030976fc8ab77962988fcf19ce | 93457b47fe86d6d50bb3cd6aa151492763b6f16b5e5e48c8a75cb24f0c724e94 | eacc0e093fb7d733894ea4a81dca0c0c40da54bb9e1824ec6c99ce84a70f1de7 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \"be happy to\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \"if you need help\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the provider, so I need to look at the codes related to providers. The sentence is: \"2) Also , Dr. Person1 would be happy to see you to r/o hemachromatosis, let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt Person2\". \n\nFirst, I'll check the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence is \"In person or telemed?\" which is about scheduling options. The next sentence is None, so the current is the closing sentence. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, the provider mentions Dr. Person1 being happy to see the patient for a diagnosis (r/o is \"rule out\") of hemachromatosis. Then they say to let them know if help is needed with an appointment. \n\nBreaking it down: \n\n1. The part about Dr. Person1 seeing the patient relates to diagnostics (since it's about ruling out a condition). That would fall under InfoGive's Sub-code Diagnostics. \n\n2. The second part, \"let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt\" is about scheduling an appointment. The Sub-code here would be SchedulingAppt under InfoGive, since the provider is offering assistance with scheduling. \n\nWait, but let me check the codes again. InfoGive is about providing information, so yes, the provider is giving info on both the diagnostic process and scheduling help. \n\nAlso, the mention of \"let me know\" might be part of maintaining communication, but since the main action here is providing info on diagnostics and scheduling, those are the primary codes. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The provider isn't building trust or showing empathy here, just giving info. \n\nSo the spans would be: \n\n- \"to r/o hemachromatosis\" for Diagnostics under InfoGive. \n\n- \"let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt\" for SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. \n\nWait, but the exact span for SchedulingAppt should be the part about the appointment. Maybe \"let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt\" is the key phrase here. \n\nAlso, the \"2)\" at the start might be a list item, but that's probably not relevant. \n\nSo the final codes would be two entries: one for Diagnostics and one for SchedulingAppt under InfoGive.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"to r/o hemachromatosis\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"let me know/IS if you need help getting an appt\"}]}"
] |
3 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hello Person1! I just set up an appt for me to see Dr. Person2 on Mon.\n Next sentence: MM/DD/YYYY, 4:30pm.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I just set up an appt\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "I just set up an appt"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person1, I will look into/start working on this.\n Next sentence: I will let you know once I have more information.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hello Person1, Just confirming that you heard from Dr. Person2 after my consultation with him on MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Please confirm.\n Next sentence: Thanks, Person3\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Please confirm\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hello Person1! I just set up an appt for me to see Dr. Person2 on Mon.\n Next sentence: MM/DD/YYYY, 4:30pm.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Hello Person1! I just set up an appt for me to see Dr. Person2 on Mon.\" with the previous sentence being None and the next sentence giving the date and time.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. Since the previous sentence is None, the current is the opening. The next sentence provides the specific appointment details. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, \"Hello Person1!\" is a greeting. According to the PartnershipPatient code's sub-code \"salutation\", this should be noted. The greeting is at the start, so that fits.\n\nNext, \"I just set up an appt for me to see Dr. Person2 on Mon.\" The key part here is setting up an appointment. The sub-code SchedulingAppt under InfoGive or InfoSeek. Since the patient is informing the provider about an appointment they scheduled, this is InfoGive. The sub-code SchedulingAppt is under InfoGive, so that's the code here. The span would be \"set up an appt\".\n\nNow checking codes. The greeting part is under PartnershipPatient's salutation. The appointment setup is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. \n\nNo other elements seem present. The next sentence just has the date, but the current sentence's main parts are covered. \n\nSo the results should have two entries: one for the salutation and one for the scheduling.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"set up an appt\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Hello Person1! I just set up an appt for me to see Dr. Person2 on Mon.\" with the previous sentence being None and the next sentence giving the date and time.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. Since the previous sentence is None, the current is the opening. The next sentence provides the specific appointment details. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, \"Hello Person1!\" is a greeting. According to the PartnershipPatient code's sub-code \"salutation\", this should be noted. The greeting is at the start, so that fits.\n\nNext, \"I just set up an appt for me to see Dr. Person2 on Mon.\" The key part here is setting up an appointment. The sub-code SchedulingAppt under InfoGive or InfoSeek. Since the patient is informing the provider about an appointment they scheduled, this is InfoGive. The sub-code SchedulingAppt is under InfoGive, so that's the code here. The span would be \"set up an appt\".\n\nNow checking codes. The greeting part is under PartnershipPatient's salutation. The appointment setup is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. \n\nNo other elements seem present. The next sentence just has the date, but the current sentence's main parts are covered. \n\nSo the results should have two entries: one for the salutation and one for the scheduling.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"set up an appt\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 87c361e3857ce92d27ff8ed696b267c1c2f04274bfc55bdb4d9201a03f684adc | 451bbaf0abf4850e67a65685596538cb17ca871295e2186d9216f8856bfac3d1 | 5cff10efdd18eb3faadd73384218d820a8e8b6ec9f7c2a970f30ecca7be7588e | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I just set up an appt\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Hello Person1! I just set up an appt for me to see Dr. Person2 on Mon.\" with the previous sentence being None and the next sentence giving the date and time.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. Since the previous sentence is None, the current is the opening. The next sentence provides the specific appointment details. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, \"Hello Person1!\" is a greeting. According to the PartnershipPatient code's sub-code \"salutation\", this should be noted. The greeting is at the start, so that fits.\n\nNext, \"I just set up an appt for me to see Dr. Person2 on Mon.\" The key part here is setting up an appointment. The sub-code SchedulingAppt under InfoGive or InfoSeek. Since the patient is informing the provider about an appointment they scheduled, this is InfoGive. The sub-code SchedulingAppt is under InfoGive, so that's the code here. The span would be \"set up an appt\".\n\nNow checking codes. The greeting part is under PartnershipPatient's salutation. The appointment setup is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. \n\nNo other elements seem present. The next sentence just has the date, but the current sentence's main parts are covered. \n\nSo the results should have two entries: one for the salutation and one for the scheduling.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"set up an appt\"}]}"
] |
4 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: MM/DD/YYYY, 4:30pm.\n Current sentence: Can Person3 and I make that a combo appt?\n Next sentence: Or, for Person3, if it's to discuss the test results he / we (Person3 doesn't listen to test results - I do) can do a telephone appt with Dr. Person4 So I am correct to hold off appt with dr. Person5 until PET results are in, yes?\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Can Person3 and I make that a combo appt?\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoSeek", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "Can Person3 and I make that a combo appt?"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person1 i took a home test today and was positive.\n Current sentence: I am vacsinated and boostered.\n Next sentence: I am achy in my hip area and have a headache.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"I am vacsinated and boostered\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Sorry to bother you folks.\n Current sentence: The ED doctor just called.\n Next sentence: I tested positive for the flu.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"The ED doctor just called\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: MM/DD/YYYY, 4:30pm.\n Current sentence: Can Person3 and I make that a combo appt?\n Next sentence: Or, for Person3, if it's to discuss the test results he / we (Person3 doesn't listen to test results - I do) can do a telephone appt with Dr. Person4 So I am correct to hold off appt with dr. Person5 until PET results are in, yes?\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Can Person3 and I make that a combo appt?\" and the user is a patient. The task is to identify the relevant codes and subcodes based on the provided definitions.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is a timestamp, and the next sentence talks about scheduling different types of appointments and holding off until test results. The current sentence is asking about scheduling a combined appointment for two people.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive and InfoSeek are about providing or seeking information. Since the patient is asking a question, InfoSeek is more likely. The subcodes under InfoSeek include SchedulingAppt, which directly relates to appointments. The phrase \"combo appt\" clearly refers to scheduling, so that's a match for SchedulingAppt.\n\nNext, checking other possible codes. PartnershipPatient involves collaboration or expressing preferences. The patient is asking to combine appointments, which could be seen as wanting a collaborative approach, but the primary intent here is seeking information about scheduling options. So the main code here is InfoSeek with SchedulingAppt.\n\nNo other subcodes seem applicable here. The mention of \"combo appt\" is specifically about scheduling, so the span is that exact phrase. The other parts of the sentence are about who is involved but don't add to the code. \n\nI should also check if there's any mention of SDOH factors, but the sentence doesn't discuss social, economic, or environmental factors. Partnership codes might involve collaboration, but the key action here is seeking scheduling info. \n\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoSeek with SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"combo appt\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"combo appt\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Can Person3 and I make that a combo appt?\" and the user is a patient. The task is to identify the relevant codes and subcodes based on the provided definitions.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is a timestamp, and the next sentence talks about scheduling different types of appointments and holding off until test results. The current sentence is asking about scheduling a combined appointment for two people.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive and InfoSeek are about providing or seeking information. Since the patient is asking a question, InfoSeek is more likely. The subcodes under InfoSeek include SchedulingAppt, which directly relates to appointments. The phrase \"combo appt\" clearly refers to scheduling, so that's a match for SchedulingAppt.\n\nNext, checking other possible codes. PartnershipPatient involves collaboration or expressing preferences. The patient is asking to combine appointments, which could be seen as wanting a collaborative approach, but the primary intent here is seeking information about scheduling options. So the main code here is InfoSeek with SchedulingAppt.\n\nNo other subcodes seem applicable here. The mention of \"combo appt\" is specifically about scheduling, so the span is that exact phrase. The other parts of the sentence are about who is involved but don't add to the code. \n\nI should also check if there's any mention of SDOH factors, but the sentence doesn't discuss social, economic, or environmental factors. Partnership codes might involve collaboration, but the key action here is seeking scheduling info. \n\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoSeek with SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"combo appt\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"combo appt\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 5714f1bace4e2e59f0160dac16b71300954e97294c9e7d676fec34d3994362fd | 4a07c0459cde226f7a3f9902616b2cb43c170c6b38078338c85c853538e5eb07 | cb0b79be07dbcc74667fcad3709b3ceb73062807b15b5d54371eebb7f9c3ced2 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Can Person3 and I make that a combo appt?\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Can Person3 and I make that a combo appt?\" and the user is a patient. The task is to identify the relevant codes and subcodes based on the provided definitions.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is a timestamp, and the next sentence talks about scheduling different types of appointments and holding off until test results. The current sentence is asking about scheduling a combined appointment for two people.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive and InfoSeek are about providing or seeking information. Since the patient is asking a question, InfoSeek is more likely. The subcodes under InfoSeek include SchedulingAppt, which directly relates to appointments. The phrase \"combo appt\" clearly refers to scheduling, so that's a match for SchedulingAppt.\n\nNext, checking other possible codes. PartnershipPatient involves collaboration or expressing preferences. The patient is asking to combine appointments, which could be seen as wanting a collaborative approach, but the primary intent here is seeking information about scheduling options. So the main code here is InfoSeek with SchedulingAppt.\n\nNo other subcodes seem applicable here. The mention of \"combo appt\" is specifically about scheduling, so the span is that exact phrase. The other parts of the sentence are about who is involved but don't add to the code. \n\nI should also check if there's any mention of SDOH factors, but the sentence doesn't discuss social, economic, or environmental factors. Partnership codes might involve collaboration, but the key action here is seeking scheduling info. \n\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoSeek with SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"combo appt\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"combo appt\"}]}"
] |
5 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Can Person3 and I make that a combo appt?\n Current sentence: Or, for Person3, if it's to discuss the test results he / we (Person3 doesn't listen to test results - I do) can do a telephone appt with Dr. Person4 So I am correct to hold off appt with dr. Person5 until PET results are in, yes?\n Next sentence: THANK YOU for your help! Person6 (for Person3)\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"statePreferences\", \"Span\": \"if it's to discuss the test results he / we (Person3 doesn't listen to test results - I do) can do a telephone appt\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "statePreferences", "Span": "if it's to discuss the test results he / we (Person3 doesn't listen to test results - I do) can do a telephone appt"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person1 it is fine to get the vaccine.\n Current sentence: I hope all is well .\n Next sentence: Dr. Person2\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \"I hope all is well\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: MM/DD/YYYY, sig pain returned.\n Current sentence: Person3 resumed Oxy 10 mg ER MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY later Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\n Next sentence: He is resting, reclined for relief.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"resumed Oxy\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Can Person3 and I make that a combo appt?\n Current sentence: Or, for Person3, if it's to discuss the test results he / we (Person3 doesn't listen to test results - I do) can do a telephone appt with Dr. Person4 So I am correct to hold off appt with dr. Person5 until PET results are in, yes?\n Next sentence: THANK YOU for your help! Person6 (for Person3)\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The user wants me to analyze the current sentence from the patient's message and identify the relevant codes and subcodes according to the provided definitions. \n\nFirst, I need to look at the input sentences. The previous sentence is \"Can Person3 and I make that a combo appt?\" The current sentence is a bit longer: \"Or, for Person3, if it's to discuss the test results he / we (Person3 doesn't listen to test results - I do) can do a telephone appt with Dr. Person4 So I am correct to hold off appt with dr. Person5 until PET results are in, yes?\" And the next sentence is \"THANK YOU for your help! Person6 (for Person3).\"\n\nStarting with the current sentence. The patient is discussing appointment arrangements. They mention a telephone appointment with Dr. Person4 and asking confirmation about delaying another appointment with Dr. Person5 until PET results are in. \n\nLooking at the codes, the first thought is InfoSeek, since the patient is seeking information about scheduling appointments. The subcode here would be SchedulingAppt because they're asking about dates and types of appointments. \n\nNext, the part where they say \"So I am correct to hold off appt...\" This is a direct question seeking confirmation, which might also fall under InfoSeek. But the key here is that they're specifically asking about scheduling, so SchedulingAppt subcode again under InfoSeek. \n\nAdditionally, there's a mention of test results and PET scans. That could relate to Diagnostics under InfoSeek. The patient is referring to test results as part of their inquiry, so the subcode Diagnostics might apply here. \n\nLooking at the next sentence, it's a thank you, which might be Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient or PartnershipProvider. But since the current sentence is the focus, I need to stick to that. \n\nWait, the current sentence also includes a parenthetical note about who listens to test results. That might be part of the context but not directly part of the main request. The main elements are the scheduling questions and the confirmation about holding off the appointment. \n\nAnother angle: the patient is seeking information about the appropriateness of delaying an appointment based on test results. This could also touch on Prognosis or Instruction under InfoGive, but since the patient is asking, it's more about seeking info, so InfoSeek. \n\nSo breaking down the current sentence:\n\n- \"if it's to discuss the test results...\" refers to Diagnostics (since test results are part of diagnostics).\n- \"can do a telephone appt...\" is about SchedulingAppt.\n- \"hold off appt until PET results...\" again SchedulingAppt and possibly Diagnostics (PET is a diagnostic test).\n\nTherefore, the codes and subcodes would be:\n\n1. InfoSeek with SchedulingAppt for the telephone appt and holding off.\n2. InfoSeek with Diagnostics for discussing test results and PET.\n\nWait, but the code InfoSeek's subcodes include Diagnostics. So yes, that's valid. \n\nIs there any other code? The patient is also seeking confirmation (\"am I correct...\"), which might be part of the same SchedulingAppt subcode. \n\nNo other elements seem to fit. The mention of \"he / we\" might indicate some personal involvement but doesn't map to other codes like PartnershipPatient's active participation unless they're stating their role, but that's not clear here. \n\nSo the final pairs should be two entries under InfoSeek: one for SchedulingAppt and one for Diagnostics. The spans would be \"telephone appt\" and \"test results\" and \"PET results are in\". Wait, but need to pick the minimal spans. \n\nLooking at the sentence again:\n\nFor SchedulingAppt: \"can do a telephone appt\" and \"hold off appt\" – the key phrases are \"telephone appt\" and \"hold off appt\". The minimal span for scheduling would be \"telephone appt\" and \"hold off appt\". But since they are part of the same sentence, maybe the entire question is about scheduling. However, the exact span needs to be specific. \n\nAlternatively, the entire \"can do a telephone appt with Dr. Person4\" is part of seeking scheduling info, so the span could be \"telephone appt\". Similarly, \"hold off appt until PET results\" – the key part is \"hold off appt\". \n\nBut the question is phrased as \"So I am correct to hold off appt with dr. Person5 until PET results are in, yes?\" So the span here is \"hold off appt until PET results are in\".\n\nWait, but the subcode SchedulingAppt is about dates, times, etc. So \"hold off appt\" is about scheduling. \n\nThe Diagnostics part is \"discuss the test results\" and \"PET results\". The span for"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The user wants me to analyze the current sentence from the patient's message and identify the relevant codes and subcodes according to the provided definitions. \n\nFirst, I need to look at the input sentences. The previous sentence is \"Can Person3 and I make that a combo appt?\" The current sentence is a bit longer: \"Or, for Person3, if it's to discuss the test results he / we (Person3 doesn't listen to test results - I do) can do a telephone appt with Dr. Person4 So I am correct to hold off appt with dr. Person5 until PET results are in, yes?\" And the next sentence is \"THANK YOU for your help! Person6 (for Person3).\"\n\nStarting with the current sentence. The patient is discussing appointment arrangements. They mention a telephone appointment with Dr. Person4 and asking confirmation about delaying another appointment with Dr. Person5 until PET results are in. \n\nLooking at the codes, the first thought is InfoSeek, since the patient is seeking information about scheduling appointments. The subcode here would be SchedulingAppt because they're asking about dates and types of appointments. \n\nNext, the part where they say \"So I am correct to hold off appt...\" This is a direct question seeking confirmation, which might also fall under InfoSeek. But the key here is that they're specifically asking about scheduling, so SchedulingAppt subcode again under InfoSeek. \n\nAdditionally, there's a mention of test results and PET scans. That could relate to Diagnostics under InfoSeek. The patient is referring to test results as part of their inquiry, so the subcode Diagnostics might apply here. \n\nLooking at the next sentence, it's a thank you, which might be Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient or PartnershipProvider. But since the current sentence is the focus, I need to stick to that. \n\nWait, the current sentence also includes a parenthetical note about who listens to test results. That might be part of the context but not directly part of the main request. The main elements are the scheduling questions and the confirmation about holding off the appointment. \n\nAnother angle: the patient is seeking information about the appropriateness of delaying an appointment based on test results. This could also touch on Prognosis or Instruction under InfoGive, but since the patient is asking, it's more about seeking info, so InfoSeek. \n\nSo breaking down the current sentence:\n\n- \"if it's to discuss the test results...\" refers to Diagnostics (since test results are part of diagnostics).\n- \"can do a telephone appt...\" is about SchedulingAppt.\n- \"hold off appt until PET results...\" again SchedulingAppt and possibly Diagnostics (PET is a diagnostic test).\n\nTherefore, the codes and subcodes would be:\n\n1. InfoSeek with SchedulingAppt for the telephone appt and holding off.\n2. InfoSeek with Diagnostics for discussing test results and PET.\n\nWait, but the code InfoSeek's subcodes include Diagnostics. So yes, that's valid. \n\nIs there any other code? The patient is also seeking confirmation (\"am I correct...\"), which might be part of the same SchedulingAppt subcode. \n\nNo other elements seem to fit. The mention of \"he / we\" might indicate some personal involvement but doesn't map to other codes like PartnershipPatient's active participation unless they're stating their role, but that's not clear here. \n\nSo the final pairs should be two entries under InfoSeek: one for SchedulingAppt and one for Diagnostics. The spans would be \"telephone appt\" and \"test results\" and \"PET results are in\". Wait, but need to pick the minimal spans. \n\nLooking at the sentence again:\n\nFor SchedulingAppt: \"can do a telephone appt\" and \"hold off appt\" – the key phrases are \"telephone appt\" and \"hold off appt\". The minimal span for scheduling would be \"telephone appt\" and \"hold off appt\". But since they are part of the same sentence, maybe the entire question is about scheduling. However, the exact span needs to be specific. \n\nAlternatively, the entire \"can do a telephone appt with Dr. Person4\" is part of seeking scheduling info, so the span could be \"telephone appt\". Similarly, \"hold off appt until PET results\" – the key part is \"hold off appt\". \n\nBut the question is phrased as \"So I am correct to hold off appt with dr. Person5 until PET results are in, yes?\" So the span here is \"hold off appt until PET results are in\".\n\nWait, but the subcode SchedulingAppt is about dates, times, etc. So \"hold off appt\" is about scheduling. \n\nThe Diagnostics part is \"discuss the test results\" and \"PET results\". The span for"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 49576d4d377c0fe973e62cc6e272a58a25c016fc0de2dc9194529570479d5229 | 895082602f3b43c6da13e860b32fca0f28ae9d4d9aaf2e9f41471e5a16e81182 | a60b2ebda37653db72096e7a585f4ee1b0cbc09730bee56bcfeff188af31936f | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"statePreferences\", \"Span\": \"if it's to discuss the test results he / we (Person3 doesn't listen to test results - I do) can do a telephone appt\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The user wants me to analyze the current sentence from the patient's message and identify the relevant codes and subcodes according to the provided definitions. \n\nFirst, I need to look at the input sentences. The previous sentence is \"Can Person3 and I make that a combo appt?\" The current sentence is a bit longer: \"Or, for Person3, if it's to discuss the test results he / we (Person3 doesn't listen to test results - I do) can do a telephone appt with Dr. Person4 So I am correct to hold off appt with dr. Person5 until PET results are in, yes?\" And the next sentence is \"THANK YOU for your help! Person6 (for Person3).\"\n\nStarting with the current sentence. The patient is discussing appointment arrangements. They mention a telephone appointment with Dr. Person4 and asking confirmation about delaying another appointment with Dr. Person5 until PET results are in. \n\nLooking at the codes, the first thought is InfoSeek, since the patient is seeking information about scheduling appointments. The subcode here would be SchedulingAppt because they're asking about dates and types of appointments. \n\nNext, the part where they say \"So I am correct to hold off appt...\" This is a direct question seeking confirmation, which might also fall under InfoSeek. But the key here is that they're specifically asking about scheduling, so SchedulingAppt subcode again under InfoSeek. \n\nAdditionally, there's a mention of test results and PET scans. That could relate to Diagnostics under InfoSeek. The patient is referring to test results as part of their inquiry, so the subcode Diagnostics might apply here. \n\nLooking at the next sentence, it's a thank you, which might be Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient or PartnershipProvider. But since the current sentence is the focus, I need to stick to that. \n\nWait, the current sentence also includes a parenthetical note about who listens to test results. That might be part of the context but not directly part of the main request. The main elements are the scheduling questions and the confirmation about holding off the appointment. \n\nAnother angle: the patient is seeking information about the appropriateness of delaying an appointment based on test results. This could also touch on Prognosis or Instruction under InfoGive, but since the patient is asking, it's more about seeking info, so InfoSeek. \n\nSo breaking down the current sentence:\n\n- \"if it's to discuss the test results...\" refers to Diagnostics (since test results are part of diagnostics).\n- \"can do a telephone appt...\" is about SchedulingAppt.\n- \"hold off appt until PET results...\" again SchedulingAppt and possibly Diagnostics (PET is a diagnostic test).\n\nTherefore, the codes and subcodes would be:\n\n1. InfoSeek with SchedulingAppt for the telephone appt and holding off.\n2. InfoSeek with Diagnostics for discussing test results and PET.\n\nWait, but the code InfoSeek's subcodes include Diagnostics. So yes, that's valid. \n\nIs there any other code? The patient is also seeking confirmation (\"am I correct...\"), which might be part of the same SchedulingAppt subcode. \n\nNo other elements seem to fit. The mention of \"he / we\" might indicate some personal involvement but doesn't map to other codes like PartnershipPatient's active participation unless they're stating their role, but that's not clear here. \n\nSo the final pairs should be two entries under InfoSeek: one for SchedulingAppt and one for Diagnostics. The spans would be \"telephone appt\" and \"test results\" and \"PET results are in\". Wait, but need to pick the minimal spans. \n\nLooking at the sentence again:\n\nFor SchedulingAppt: \"can do a telephone appt\" and \"hold off appt\" – the key phrases are \"telephone appt\" and \"hold off appt\". The minimal span for scheduling would be \"telephone appt\" and \"hold off appt\". But since they are part of the same sentence, maybe the entire question is about scheduling. However, the exact span needs to be specific. \n\nAlternatively, the entire \"can do a telephone appt with Dr. Person4\" is part of seeking scheduling info, so the span could be \"telephone appt\". Similarly, \"hold off appt until PET results\" – the key part is \"hold off appt\". \n\nBut the question is phrased as \"So I am correct to hold off appt with dr. Person5 until PET results are in, yes?\" So the span here is \"hold off appt until PET results are in\".\n\nWait, but the subcode SchedulingAppt is about dates, times, etc. So \"hold off appt\" is about scheduling. \n\nThe Diagnostics part is \"discuss the test results\" and \"PET results\". The span for"
] |
6 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Or, for Person3, if it's to discuss the test results he / we (Person3 doesn't listen to test results - I do) can do a telephone appt with Dr. Person4 So I am correct to hold off appt with dr. Person5 until PET results are in, yes?\n Current sentence: THANK YOU for your help! Person6 (for Person3)\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"THANK YOU\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "Appreciation/Gratitude", "Span": "THANK YOU"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: It should be safe, hospital is taking every precaution to keep the environment safe, I know it causes concern.\n Current sentence: Use covid precautions, mask , wash your hands, social distance.\n Next sentence: Have a great weekend.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"Use covid precautions, mask , wash your hands, social distance\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Person1... Dr. Person2 would like him to hold his aldactone and get repeat labs and urine again on MM/DD/YYYY at a Org4 draw station... please let me know once he goes and will be on the look out.\n Next sentence: Thank you Person3\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"please let me know once he goes and will be on the look out\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Or, for Person3, if it's to discuss the test results he / we (Person3 doesn't listen to test results - I do) can do a telephone appt with Dr. Person4 So I am correct to hold off appt with dr. Person5 until PET results are in, yes?\n Current sentence: THANK YOU for your help! Person6 (for Person3)\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"THANK YOU for your help! Person6 (for Person3)\". The previous sentence mentions setting up a telephone appointment and confirms holding off an appointment until PET results. The next sentence is none, so this is the closing sentence.\n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The key part here is \"THANK YOU for your help!\" which is an expression of gratitude. The rest is about Person6 and Person3, but the main sentiment is gratitude.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the relevant code here would be PartnershipPatient because it's about the patient expressing gratitude, which falls under building the patient-provider relationship. The subcode should be Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient. \n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. Since the sentence is a closing expression of thanks, it might also relate to signoff. But the main focus is the gratitude. The subcode Appreciation/Gratitude is under PartnershipPatient, so that's the right pair. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The span to extract is \"THANK YOU for your help!\" as that's the core expression of gratitude. The rest of the sentence is addressing who it's for, but the key part is the thanks itself.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"THANK YOU for your help!\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"THANK YOU for your help! Person6 (for Person3)\". The previous sentence mentions setting up a telephone appointment and confirms holding off an appointment until PET results. The next sentence is none, so this is the closing sentence.\n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The key part here is \"THANK YOU for your help!\" which is an expression of gratitude. The rest is about Person6 and Person3, but the main sentiment is gratitude.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the relevant code here would be PartnershipPatient because it's about the patient expressing gratitude, which falls under building the patient-provider relationship. The subcode should be Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient. \n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. Since the sentence is a closing expression of thanks, it might also relate to signoff. But the main focus is the gratitude. The subcode Appreciation/Gratitude is under PartnershipPatient, so that's the right pair. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The span to extract is \"THANK YOU for your help!\" as that's the core expression of gratitude. The rest of the sentence is addressing who it's for, but the key part is the thanks itself.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"THANK YOU for your help!\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 3514149c85cd40d9eb8c4c0dfe2c6bc03bba8ee17154b9dce724e03f5acdf4b3 | 3d230dc554cc3bf64b693183e29027f3809ffed654f517dcb6ee911ea2ed633e | 92bc14d7283e0a1e52521193ccd44907e6fbfd9b3cce56c4cd3249ab5a8bc766 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"THANK YOU\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"THANK YOU for your help! Person6 (for Person3)\". The previous sentence mentions setting up a telephone appointment and confirms holding off an appointment until PET results. The next sentence is none, so this is the closing sentence.\n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The key part here is \"THANK YOU for your help!\" which is an expression of gratitude. The rest is about Person6 and Person3, but the main sentiment is gratitude.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the relevant code here would be PartnershipPatient because it's about the patient expressing gratitude, which falls under building the patient-provider relationship. The subcode should be Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient. \n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. Since the sentence is a closing expression of thanks, it might also relate to signoff. But the main focus is the gratitude. The subcode Appreciation/Gratitude is under PartnershipPatient, so that's the right pair. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The span to extract is \"THANK YOU for your help!\" as that's the core expression of gratitude. The rest of the sentence is addressing who it's for, but the key part is the thanks itself.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"THANK YOU for your help!\"}]}"
] |
7 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: I put him down the \"combo\" :) on MM/DD/YYYY at 530, to follow your appt.\n Next sentence: Yes, please wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I put him down the \\\"combo\\\"\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \":) \"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "I put him down the \"combo\""}, {"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "connection", "Span": ":) "}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Thanks Person1\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thanks\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Perfect! We will be on the look out for results and keep you updated! Thanks! Person1\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Alignment\", \"Span\": \"Perfect!\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"We will be on the look out for results and keep you updated!\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thanks!\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: I put him down the \"combo\" :) on MM/DD/YYYY at 530, to follow your appt.\n Next sentence: Yes, please wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
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"temperature": 0,
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a provider, so I need to focus on codes related to providers. The current sentence is: \"I put him down the \"combo\" :) on MM/DD/YYYY at 530, to follow your appt.\" The next sentence is \"Yes, please wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1.\"\n\nFirst, I'll analyze the current sentence. The phrase \"put him down the 'combo'\" is a bit unclear, but maybe \"combo\" refers to a specific treatment or procedure. The date and time (MM/DD/YYYY at 530) suggest scheduling. The part \"to follow your appt\" indicates coordination related to an appointment.\n\nLooking at the next sentence, it mentions waiting until after the appointment to make another one with Dr. Person1. This reinforces the idea of scheduling and coordination between appointments.\n\nNow, checking the codes. The relevant codes for a provider might be PartnershipProvider or InfoGive. Let's see:\n\nFor PartnershipProvider, the subcodes include \"maintainCommunication\" which involves keeping the patient informed and ensuring they know what to expect. The current sentence provides a date and time, which is part of scheduling, so \"SchedulingAppt\" under InfoGive's subcodes? Wait, but the provider is giving information about scheduling, so maybe InfoGive's SchedulingAppt subcode. Alternatively, since the provider is coordinating appointments, \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive's subcodes?\n\nWait, the code InfoGive includes subcode \"carecoordination\" which is about organizing healthcare services. The current sentence mentions scheduling a procedure and coordinating it with an appointment. So \"carecoordination\" might fit here. The span would be \"to follow your appt\" or the entire scheduling part. But the exact span needs to be minimal. The phrase \"to follow your appt\" directly relates to coordinating the timing.\n\nAdditionally, the use of \":)\" could be a connection-building gesture, which might fall under \"connection\" in PartnershipProvider. But the guidelines mention that connection is non-medical info to strengthen the relationship. The smiley face might be part of that, but the main content is about scheduling.\n\nLooking at the next sentence, it's a follow-up instruction, but the current sentence's main elements are the scheduling details and the coordination. \n\nAnother angle: \"maintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider's subcodes is about informing the patient and ensuring they know what's next. The current sentence does that by providing the date and the instruction to follow the appointment. So \"maintainCommunication\" could be a subcode here with the span \"to follow your appt\".\n\nAlso, the date and time \"on MM/DD/YYYY at 530\" is part of scheduling information, so that's \"SchedulingAppt\" under InfoGive's subcodes. The span here would be \"on MM/DD/YYYY at 530\".\n\nAdditionally, the phrase \"put him down the 'combo'\" might be a bit ambiguous, but if \"combo\" refers to a specific treatment, maybe that's part of providing information about diagnostics or instructions. But without more context, it's safer to focus on the clear parts.\n\nSo possible codes and subcodes:\n\n1. InfoGive with SchedulingAppt: The date and time span.\n2. InfoGive with carecoordination: The \"to follow your appt\" part.\n3. PartnershipProvider with maintainCommunication: The same \"to follow your appt\" as part of keeping the patient informed.\n\nWait, but the code for carecoordination is under InfoGive. So the first part (date/time) is SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. The coordination part (to follow the appt) is carecoordination under InfoGive. Alternatively, the entire sentence might have multiple subcodes under InfoGive.\n\nAlternatively, the provider is giving information about scheduling, so SchedulingAppt is the subcode here. The span would be \"on MM/DD/YYYY at 530\".\n\nAdditionally, the instruction to follow the appointment could be part of carecoordination. So two subcodes under InfoGive: SchedulingAppt and carecoordination.\n\nAlternatively, the main action here is providing scheduling details, so SchedulingAppt is the primary. The \"combo\" might be a treatment, but without more context, it's hard to categorize. Since the user's instruction says to focus on the current sentence and use surrounding sentences for context, but not to extract spans from them, the next sentence talks about making another appointment after, which supports the coordination aspect.\n\nTherefore, the current sentence's key elements are the scheduling details and the coordination instruction. So:\n\n- \"on MM/DD/YYYY at 530\" → InfoGive/SchedulingAppt\n- \"to follow your appt\" → InfoGive/carecoordination\n\nAdditionally, the use of \"combo\" might be part of an instruction or a diagnostic term, but without clarity"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a provider, so I need to focus on codes related to providers. The current sentence is: \"I put him down the \"combo\" :) on MM/DD/YYYY at 530, to follow your appt.\" The next sentence is \"Yes, please wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1.\"\n\nFirst, I'll analyze the current sentence. The phrase \"put him down the 'combo'\" is a bit unclear, but maybe \"combo\" refers to a specific treatment or procedure. The date and time (MM/DD/YYYY at 530) suggest scheduling. The part \"to follow your appt\" indicates coordination related to an appointment.\n\nLooking at the next sentence, it mentions waiting until after the appointment to make another one with Dr. Person1. This reinforces the idea of scheduling and coordination between appointments.\n\nNow, checking the codes. The relevant codes for a provider might be PartnershipProvider or InfoGive. Let's see:\n\nFor PartnershipProvider, the subcodes include \"maintainCommunication\" which involves keeping the patient informed and ensuring they know what to expect. The current sentence provides a date and time, which is part of scheduling, so \"SchedulingAppt\" under InfoGive's subcodes? Wait, but the provider is giving information about scheduling, so maybe InfoGive's SchedulingAppt subcode. Alternatively, since the provider is coordinating appointments, \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive's subcodes?\n\nWait, the code InfoGive includes subcode \"carecoordination\" which is about organizing healthcare services. The current sentence mentions scheduling a procedure and coordinating it with an appointment. So \"carecoordination\" might fit here. The span would be \"to follow your appt\" or the entire scheduling part. But the exact span needs to be minimal. The phrase \"to follow your appt\" directly relates to coordinating the timing.\n\nAdditionally, the use of \":)\" could be a connection-building gesture, which might fall under \"connection\" in PartnershipProvider. But the guidelines mention that connection is non-medical info to strengthen the relationship. The smiley face might be part of that, but the main content is about scheduling.\n\nLooking at the next sentence, it's a follow-up instruction, but the current sentence's main elements are the scheduling details and the coordination. \n\nAnother angle: \"maintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider's subcodes is about informing the patient and ensuring they know what's next. The current sentence does that by providing the date and the instruction to follow the appointment. So \"maintainCommunication\" could be a subcode here with the span \"to follow your appt\".\n\nAlso, the date and time \"on MM/DD/YYYY at 530\" is part of scheduling information, so that's \"SchedulingAppt\" under InfoGive's subcodes. The span here would be \"on MM/DD/YYYY at 530\".\n\nAdditionally, the phrase \"put him down the 'combo'\" might be a bit ambiguous, but if \"combo\" refers to a specific treatment, maybe that's part of providing information about diagnostics or instructions. But without more context, it's safer to focus on the clear parts.\n\nSo possible codes and subcodes:\n\n1. InfoGive with SchedulingAppt: The date and time span.\n2. InfoGive with carecoordination: The \"to follow your appt\" part.\n3. PartnershipProvider with maintainCommunication: The same \"to follow your appt\" as part of keeping the patient informed.\n\nWait, but the code for carecoordination is under InfoGive. So the first part (date/time) is SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. The coordination part (to follow the appt) is carecoordination under InfoGive. Alternatively, the entire sentence might have multiple subcodes under InfoGive.\n\nAlternatively, the provider is giving information about scheduling, so SchedulingAppt is the subcode here. The span would be \"on MM/DD/YYYY at 530\".\n\nAdditionally, the instruction to follow the appointment could be part of carecoordination. So two subcodes under InfoGive: SchedulingAppt and carecoordination.\n\nAlternatively, the main action here is providing scheduling details, so SchedulingAppt is the primary. The \"combo\" might be a treatment, but without more context, it's hard to categorize. Since the user's instruction says to focus on the current sentence and use surrounding sentences for context, but not to extract spans from them, the next sentence talks about making another appointment after, which supports the coordination aspect.\n\nTherefore, the current sentence's key elements are the scheduling details and the coordination instruction. So:\n\n- \"on MM/DD/YYYY at 530\" → InfoGive/SchedulingAppt\n- \"to follow your appt\" → InfoGive/carecoordination\n\nAdditionally, the use of \"combo\" might be part of an instruction or a diagnostic term, but without clarity"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 5fae99d805607fe83234f340af5d5febab0c3290dedf2433ec087ea324e0d991 | c377f1c7b48648880c5cf8316a68c6f60753754246795a416a0df5f361345be7 | cf5f97a8ad624b88f64ffb951fa33533c8fbe3805f45b4ca4c0a232f77ecb7c7 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I put him down the \\\"combo\\\"\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \":) \"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a provider, so I need to focus on codes related to providers. The current sentence is: \"I put him down the \"combo\" :) on MM/DD/YYYY at 530, to follow your appt.\" The next sentence is \"Yes, please wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1.\"\n\nFirst, I'll analyze the current sentence. The phrase \"put him down the 'combo'\" is a bit unclear, but maybe \"combo\" refers to a specific treatment or procedure. The date and time (MM/DD/YYYY at 530) suggest scheduling. The part \"to follow your appt\" indicates coordination related to an appointment.\n\nLooking at the next sentence, it mentions waiting until after the appointment to make another one with Dr. Person1. This reinforces the idea of scheduling and coordination between appointments.\n\nNow, checking the codes. The relevant codes for a provider might be PartnershipProvider or InfoGive. Let's see:\n\nFor PartnershipProvider, the subcodes include \"maintainCommunication\" which involves keeping the patient informed and ensuring they know what to expect. The current sentence provides a date and time, which is part of scheduling, so \"SchedulingAppt\" under InfoGive's subcodes? Wait, but the provider is giving information about scheduling, so maybe InfoGive's SchedulingAppt subcode. Alternatively, since the provider is coordinating appointments, \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive's subcodes?\n\nWait, the code InfoGive includes subcode \"carecoordination\" which is about organizing healthcare services. The current sentence mentions scheduling a procedure and coordinating it with an appointment. So \"carecoordination\" might fit here. The span would be \"to follow your appt\" or the entire scheduling part. But the exact span needs to be minimal. The phrase \"to follow your appt\" directly relates to coordinating the timing.\n\nAdditionally, the use of \":)\" could be a connection-building gesture, which might fall under \"connection\" in PartnershipProvider. But the guidelines mention that connection is non-medical info to strengthen the relationship. The smiley face might be part of that, but the main content is about scheduling.\n\nLooking at the next sentence, it's a follow-up instruction, but the current sentence's main elements are the scheduling details and the coordination. \n\nAnother angle: \"maintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider's subcodes is about informing the patient and ensuring they know what's next. The current sentence does that by providing the date and the instruction to follow the appointment. So \"maintainCommunication\" could be a subcode here with the span \"to follow your appt\".\n\nAlso, the date and time \"on MM/DD/YYYY at 530\" is part of scheduling information, so that's \"SchedulingAppt\" under InfoGive's subcodes. The span here would be \"on MM/DD/YYYY at 530\".\n\nAdditionally, the phrase \"put him down the 'combo'\" might be a bit ambiguous, but if \"combo\" refers to a specific treatment, maybe that's part of providing information about diagnostics or instructions. But without more context, it's safer to focus on the clear parts.\n\nSo possible codes and subcodes:\n\n1. InfoGive with SchedulingAppt: The date and time span.\n2. InfoGive with carecoordination: The \"to follow your appt\" part.\n3. PartnershipProvider with maintainCommunication: The same \"to follow your appt\" as part of keeping the patient informed.\n\nWait, but the code for carecoordination is under InfoGive. So the first part (date/time) is SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. The coordination part (to follow the appt) is carecoordination under InfoGive. Alternatively, the entire sentence might have multiple subcodes under InfoGive.\n\nAlternatively, the provider is giving information about scheduling, so SchedulingAppt is the subcode here. The span would be \"on MM/DD/YYYY at 530\".\n\nAdditionally, the instruction to follow the appointment could be part of carecoordination. So two subcodes under InfoGive: SchedulingAppt and carecoordination.\n\nAlternatively, the main action here is providing scheduling details, so SchedulingAppt is the primary. The \"combo\" might be a treatment, but without more context, it's hard to categorize. Since the user's instruction says to focus on the current sentence and use surrounding sentences for context, but not to extract spans from them, the next sentence talks about making another appointment after, which supports the coordination aspect.\n\nTherefore, the current sentence's key elements are the scheduling details and the coordination instruction. So:\n\n- \"on MM/DD/YYYY at 530\" → InfoGive/SchedulingAppt\n- \"to follow your appt\" → InfoGive/carecoordination\n\nAdditionally, the use of \"combo\" might be part of an instruction or a diagnostic term, but without clarity"
] |
8 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I put him down the \"combo\" :) on MM/DD/YYYY at 530, to follow your appt.\n Current sentence: Yes, please wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Yes, please wait until after that appt to make an appt\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "Yes, please wait until after that appt to make an appt"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Their number is XXX-XXX-XXXX.\n Current sentence: I would give them a week to review your case and then call you for an appt.\n Next sentence: If you do not hear from them by the end of next week.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"I would give them a week to review your case and then call you for an appt\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hope so! I I don't see you , have a great holiday.\n Next sentence: Person1\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \"Hope so!\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \"I I don't see you , have a great holiday\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I put him down the \"combo\" :) on MM/DD/YYYY at 530, to follow your appt.\n Current sentence: Yes, please wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Yes, please wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1.\" The previous sentence mentions scheduling something on a specific date, and the next sentence is none, so this is the closing sentence.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The provider is advising the patient to wait until after a certain appointment before scheduling another one with Dr. Person1. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive might be relevant here because the provider is giving instructions. The sub-code for scheduling appointments (SchedulingAppt) fits because they're talking about when to make an appointment. \n\nAnother angle is PartnershipProvider. The provider is maintaining communication by giving a clear instruction on when to schedule, which keeps the patient informed. The sub-code here would be maintainCommunication. \n\nWait, but the sentence is specifically about scheduling, so maybe InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is the main one. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nInfoGive's SchedulingAppt sub-code refers to dates and times related to seeing a provider. The instruction here is about timing, so that's a fit. \n\nAlso, the provider is ensuring the patient knows the correct sequence, which is part of maintaining communication. But the primary action here is giving a scheduling instruction. \n\nSo the main code would be InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The span would be \"wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1.\" \n\nWait, but the entire sentence starts with \"Yes, please...\" so maybe the key part is \"wait until after that appt to make an appt...\" \n\nAlternatively, \"after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\" is the specific instruction. \n\nHmm, the minimal span should capture the core. The instruction is to wait until after the appointment, so \"wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\" is the key part. \n\nAlso, checking if there's any other code. PartnershipProvider's maintainCommunication is about keeping the patient informed. Since the provider is giving a clear instruction on scheduling, that's part of maintaining communication. \n\nSo two possible pairs: \n\n1. InfoGive with SchedulingAppt for the scheduling instruction. \n\n2. PartnershipProvider with maintainCommunication for keeping the patient informed. \n\nWait, but the sentence is a directive, so maybe only InfoGive applies here. The maintainCommunication might be part of the process but the main action is giving the scheduling info. \n\nAlternatively, the provider is ensuring the patient knows when to schedule, which is part of maintaining communication. \n\nI need to check the definitions again. \n\nInfoGive's SchedulingAppt is about providing dates and times. The current sentence is instructing to wait until after an appointment, which is giving scheduling-related info. \n\nPartnershipProvider's maintainCommunication is about keeping the patient informed and engaged. Since the provider is giving a clear instruction on when to schedule, that's part of maintaining communication. \n\nTherefore, both codes might apply here. \n\nSo the spans would be: \n\nFor InfoGive/SchedulingAppt: \"wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\"\n\nFor PartnershipProvider/maintainCommunication: \"please wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\"\n\nWait, but the exact wording is important. The minimal span for InfoGive would be the part about scheduling, so \"wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\" is the key. \n\nAlternatively, \"after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\" could be the minimal span. \n\nHmm, the instruction is to wait until after the appointment, so the entire phrase from \"wait until...\" is necessary. \n\nTherefore, the two code-subcode pairs would be:\n\n1. InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, span: \"wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\"\n\n2. PartnershipProvider with maintainCommunication, span: \"please wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\"\n\nWait, but the maintainCommunication subcode is about keeping the patient informed. The provider is giving an instruction, which is part of maintaining communication. \n\nAlternatively, maybe only InfoGive applies here. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nPartnershipProvider's maintainCommunication is \"keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\"\n\nIn this case, the provider is giving a clear instruction on when to schedule, which is part of maintaining communication. So that's valid. \n\nTherefore, both codes are applicable here. \n\nSo the final answer would have two entries in the results array.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Scheduling"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Yes, please wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1.\" The previous sentence mentions scheduling something on a specific date, and the next sentence is none, so this is the closing sentence.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The provider is advising the patient to wait until after a certain appointment before scheduling another one with Dr. Person1. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive might be relevant here because the provider is giving instructions. The sub-code for scheduling appointments (SchedulingAppt) fits because they're talking about when to make an appointment. \n\nAnother angle is PartnershipProvider. The provider is maintaining communication by giving a clear instruction on when to schedule, which keeps the patient informed. The sub-code here would be maintainCommunication. \n\nWait, but the sentence is specifically about scheduling, so maybe InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is the main one. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nInfoGive's SchedulingAppt sub-code refers to dates and times related to seeing a provider. The instruction here is about timing, so that's a fit. \n\nAlso, the provider is ensuring the patient knows the correct sequence, which is part of maintaining communication. But the primary action here is giving a scheduling instruction. \n\nSo the main code would be InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The span would be \"wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1.\" \n\nWait, but the entire sentence starts with \"Yes, please...\" so maybe the key part is \"wait until after that appt to make an appt...\" \n\nAlternatively, \"after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\" is the specific instruction. \n\nHmm, the minimal span should capture the core. The instruction is to wait until after the appointment, so \"wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\" is the key part. \n\nAlso, checking if there's any other code. PartnershipProvider's maintainCommunication is about keeping the patient informed. Since the provider is giving a clear instruction on scheduling, that's part of maintaining communication. \n\nSo two possible pairs: \n\n1. InfoGive with SchedulingAppt for the scheduling instruction. \n\n2. PartnershipProvider with maintainCommunication for keeping the patient informed. \n\nWait, but the sentence is a directive, so maybe only InfoGive applies here. The maintainCommunication might be part of the process but the main action is giving the scheduling info. \n\nAlternatively, the provider is ensuring the patient knows when to schedule, which is part of maintaining communication. \n\nI need to check the definitions again. \n\nInfoGive's SchedulingAppt is about providing dates and times. The current sentence is instructing to wait until after an appointment, which is giving scheduling-related info. \n\nPartnershipProvider's maintainCommunication is about keeping the patient informed and engaged. Since the provider is giving a clear instruction on when to schedule, that's part of maintaining communication. \n\nTherefore, both codes might apply here. \n\nSo the spans would be: \n\nFor InfoGive/SchedulingAppt: \"wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\"\n\nFor PartnershipProvider/maintainCommunication: \"please wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\"\n\nWait, but the exact wording is important. The minimal span for InfoGive would be the part about scheduling, so \"wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\" is the key. \n\nAlternatively, \"after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\" could be the minimal span. \n\nHmm, the instruction is to wait until after the appointment, so the entire phrase from \"wait until...\" is necessary. \n\nTherefore, the two code-subcode pairs would be:\n\n1. InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, span: \"wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\"\n\n2. PartnershipProvider with maintainCommunication, span: \"please wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\"\n\nWait, but the maintainCommunication subcode is about keeping the patient informed. The provider is giving an instruction, which is part of maintaining communication. \n\nAlternatively, maybe only InfoGive applies here. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nPartnershipProvider's maintainCommunication is \"keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\"\n\nIn this case, the provider is giving a clear instruction on when to schedule, which is part of maintaining communication. So that's valid. \n\nTherefore, both codes are applicable here. \n\nSo the final answer would have two entries in the results array.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Scheduling"
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"evaluate_eppc"
] | 2e0154fa0685241c271272a2db81ec0f354bad6462ac30be8287ec8d8905256f | 05f83a70ff1073d367c5742bd25e957329f024ae3b2499dcb7b7239f5c0fccf1 | 708552e4df2a6bedcc85bb250679ffe48a32fda69769318fb63ae0b23da33bf0 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Yes, please wait until after that appt to make an appt\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Yes, please wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1.\" The previous sentence mentions scheduling something on a specific date, and the next sentence is none, so this is the closing sentence.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The provider is advising the patient to wait until after a certain appointment before scheduling another one with Dr. Person1. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive might be relevant here because the provider is giving instructions. The sub-code for scheduling appointments (SchedulingAppt) fits because they're talking about when to make an appointment. \n\nAnother angle is PartnershipProvider. The provider is maintaining communication by giving a clear instruction on when to schedule, which keeps the patient informed. The sub-code here would be maintainCommunication. \n\nWait, but the sentence is specifically about scheduling, so maybe InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is the main one. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nInfoGive's SchedulingAppt sub-code refers to dates and times related to seeing a provider. The instruction here is about timing, so that's a fit. \n\nAlso, the provider is ensuring the patient knows the correct sequence, which is part of maintaining communication. But the primary action here is giving a scheduling instruction. \n\nSo the main code would be InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The span would be \"wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1.\" \n\nWait, but the entire sentence starts with \"Yes, please...\" so maybe the key part is \"wait until after that appt to make an appt...\" \n\nAlternatively, \"after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\" is the specific instruction. \n\nHmm, the minimal span should capture the core. The instruction is to wait until after the appointment, so \"wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\" is the key part. \n\nAlso, checking if there's any other code. PartnershipProvider's maintainCommunication is about keeping the patient informed. Since the provider is giving a clear instruction on scheduling, that's part of maintaining communication. \n\nSo two possible pairs: \n\n1. InfoGive with SchedulingAppt for the scheduling instruction. \n\n2. PartnershipProvider with maintainCommunication for keeping the patient informed. \n\nWait, but the sentence is a directive, so maybe only InfoGive applies here. The maintainCommunication might be part of the process but the main action is giving the scheduling info. \n\nAlternatively, the provider is ensuring the patient knows when to schedule, which is part of maintaining communication. \n\nI need to check the definitions again. \n\nInfoGive's SchedulingAppt is about providing dates and times. The current sentence is instructing to wait until after an appointment, which is giving scheduling-related info. \n\nPartnershipProvider's maintainCommunication is about keeping the patient informed and engaged. Since the provider is giving a clear instruction on when to schedule, that's part of maintaining communication. \n\nTherefore, both codes might apply here. \n\nSo the spans would be: \n\nFor InfoGive/SchedulingAppt: \"wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\"\n\nFor PartnershipProvider/maintainCommunication: \"please wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\"\n\nWait, but the exact wording is important. The minimal span for InfoGive would be the part about scheduling, so \"wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\" is the key. \n\nAlternatively, \"after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\" could be the minimal span. \n\nHmm, the instruction is to wait until after the appointment, so the entire phrase from \"wait until...\" is necessary. \n\nTherefore, the two code-subcode pairs would be:\n\n1. InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, span: \"wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\"\n\n2. PartnershipProvider with maintainCommunication, span: \"please wait until after that appt to make an appt with Dr. Person1\"\n\nWait, but the maintainCommunication subcode is about keeping the patient informed. The provider is giving an instruction, which is part of maintaining communication. \n\nAlternatively, maybe only InfoGive applies here. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nPartnershipProvider's maintainCommunication is \"keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\"\n\nIn this case, the provider is giving a clear instruction on when to schedule, which is part of maintaining communication. So that's valid. \n\nTherefore, both codes are applicable here. \n\nSo the final answer would have two entries in the results array.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Scheduling"
] |
9 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi, We need to make an office visit for Person1 to review PET scan with Dr. Person2, please let us know what works.\n Next sentence: Thank you Person3\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"We need to make an office visit\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "salutation", "Span": "Hi"}, {"Code": "InfoGiveSDOH", "Sub-code": "HealthCareAccessAndQuality", "Span": "We need to make an office visit"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: The next available we were able to get in you is for MM/DD/YYYY at 130.\n Current sentence: All details is in your mychart.\n Next sentence: Thank you.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"All details is in your mychart\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi Person1, the preference is yours.\n Current sentence: Person2 being only 1 shot, you may want to choose that.\n Next sentence: Dr. Person3 does not believe that one is better than the other.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\", \"Span\": \"being only 1 shot, you may want to choose that\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi, We need to make an office visit for Person1 to review PET scan with Dr. Person2, please let us know what works.\n Next sentence: Thank you Person3\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hi, We need to make an office visit for Person1 to review PET scan with Dr. Person2, please let us know what works.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is a thank you, which might be a closing.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The provider is initiating a message, starting with a greeting (\"Hi\"), then stating a need to schedule an office visit for a PET scan review with a specific doctor. The request is to find a suitable time.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes. The greeting \"Hi\" could be a salutation under PartnershipProvider since it's the start of the message. The main part is about scheduling an appointment. The phrase \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\" suggests scheduling, so that's likely under InfoGive's SchedulingAppt subcode. \n\nWait, but the code for scheduling when the provider is giving info would be InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The greeting part is a salutation, so PartnershipProvider's salutation subcode. \n\nLet me check the definitions again. For PartnershipProvider's salutation, it's the start of the message, which this is. The \"Hi\" fits there. The scheduling part is part of providing information to schedule, so InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. \n\nSo the spans would be \"Hi\" for the salutation, and \"make an office visit for Person1 to review PET scan with Dr. Person2, please let us know what works\" but the minimal span for scheduling would be \"make an office visit\" or \"please let us know what works\". Wait, the exact subcode for scheduling is about dates and times. The key here is \"make an office visit\" which is scheduling. The \"please let us know what works\" is asking for availability, so maybe that's part of the scheduling instruction. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is scheduling, so the minimal span for InfoGive/SchedulingAppt could be \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\". But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Maybe \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\" are separate? Or perhaps the entire instruction is part of the scheduling. \n\nAlternatively, the key part for scheduling is \"make an office visit\" which is the action, and the request to know what works is part of the scheduling process. So the minimal span for scheduling would be \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\" but maybe the entire phrase is needed. However, the minimal span should be the core phrase. \n\nAlternatively, \"make an office visit\" is the main action, so that's the span for SchedulingAppt. The \"please let us know what works\" is part of the request to schedule, so maybe that's part of the instruction subcode? Wait, the instruction subcode under InfoGive is for providing guidance. The \"please let us know\" is a request for the patient to respond with their availability, so that's part of scheduling. \n\nHmm, perhaps the entire \"make an office visit... please let us know what works\" is the span for SchedulingAppt. But the minimal span would be \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\" as separate? Or maybe the key is \"make an office visit\" as the main scheduling action. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is scheduling, so the minimal span for SchedulingAppt would be \"make an office visit for Person1 to review PET scan with Dr. Person2\". But the exact subcode definition for SchedulingAppt is about dates and times. Since the current sentence doesn't have specific dates, maybe it's still under SchedulingAppt because it's initiating the scheduling process. \n\nSo the two codes here are PartnershipProvider (salutation) and InfoGive (SchedulingAppt). The spans would be \"Hi\" and \"make an office visit... please let us know what works\". But the minimal span for the scheduling part should be the core part. Let me check the subcode definition again. SchedulingAppt is about dates, times, and other info related to seeing a provider. The current sentence is asking to schedule, so the action is making an office visit, which is part of scheduling. The \"please let us know what works\" is a prompt to provide availability, so that's part of the scheduling instruction. \n\nTherefore, the minimal span for SchedulingAppt would be \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\". But maybe the entire phrase is needed. Alternatively, the key is \"make an office visit\" as the main action. \n\nWait, the instruction says to extract minimal spans. So for the salutation, \"Hi\" is the span. For the scheduling, the key part"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hi, We need to make an office visit for Person1 to review PET scan with Dr. Person2, please let us know what works.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is a thank you, which might be a closing.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The provider is initiating a message, starting with a greeting (\"Hi\"), then stating a need to schedule an office visit for a PET scan review with a specific doctor. The request is to find a suitable time.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes. The greeting \"Hi\" could be a salutation under PartnershipProvider since it's the start of the message. The main part is about scheduling an appointment. The phrase \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\" suggests scheduling, so that's likely under InfoGive's SchedulingAppt subcode. \n\nWait, but the code for scheduling when the provider is giving info would be InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The greeting part is a salutation, so PartnershipProvider's salutation subcode. \n\nLet me check the definitions again. For PartnershipProvider's salutation, it's the start of the message, which this is. The \"Hi\" fits there. The scheduling part is part of providing information to schedule, so InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. \n\nSo the spans would be \"Hi\" for the salutation, and \"make an office visit for Person1 to review PET scan with Dr. Person2, please let us know what works\" but the minimal span for scheduling would be \"make an office visit\" or \"please let us know what works\". Wait, the exact subcode for scheduling is about dates and times. The key here is \"make an office visit\" which is scheduling. The \"please let us know what works\" is asking for availability, so maybe that's part of the scheduling instruction. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is scheduling, so the minimal span for InfoGive/SchedulingAppt could be \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\". But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Maybe \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\" are separate? Or perhaps the entire instruction is part of the scheduling. \n\nAlternatively, the key part for scheduling is \"make an office visit\" which is the action, and the request to know what works is part of the scheduling process. So the minimal span for scheduling would be \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\" but maybe the entire phrase is needed. However, the minimal span should be the core phrase. \n\nAlternatively, \"make an office visit\" is the main action, so that's the span for SchedulingAppt. The \"please let us know what works\" is part of the request to schedule, so maybe that's part of the instruction subcode? Wait, the instruction subcode under InfoGive is for providing guidance. The \"please let us know\" is a request for the patient to respond with their availability, so that's part of scheduling. \n\nHmm, perhaps the entire \"make an office visit... please let us know what works\" is the span for SchedulingAppt. But the minimal span would be \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\" as separate? Or maybe the key is \"make an office visit\" as the main scheduling action. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is scheduling, so the minimal span for SchedulingAppt would be \"make an office visit for Person1 to review PET scan with Dr. Person2\". But the exact subcode definition for SchedulingAppt is about dates and times. Since the current sentence doesn't have specific dates, maybe it's still under SchedulingAppt because it's initiating the scheduling process. \n\nSo the two codes here are PartnershipProvider (salutation) and InfoGive (SchedulingAppt). The spans would be \"Hi\" and \"make an office visit... please let us know what works\". But the minimal span for the scheduling part should be the core part. Let me check the subcode definition again. SchedulingAppt is about dates, times, and other info related to seeing a provider. The current sentence is asking to schedule, so the action is making an office visit, which is part of scheduling. The \"please let us know what works\" is a prompt to provide availability, so that's part of the scheduling instruction. \n\nTherefore, the minimal span for SchedulingAppt would be \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\". But maybe the entire phrase is needed. Alternatively, the key is \"make an office visit\" as the main action. \n\nWait, the instruction says to extract minimal spans. So for the salutation, \"Hi\" is the span. For the scheduling, the key part"
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"evaluate_eppc"
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"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"We need to make an office visit\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hi, We need to make an office visit for Person1 to review PET scan with Dr. Person2, please let us know what works.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is a thank you, which might be a closing.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The provider is initiating a message, starting with a greeting (\"Hi\"), then stating a need to schedule an office visit for a PET scan review with a specific doctor. The request is to find a suitable time.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes. The greeting \"Hi\" could be a salutation under PartnershipProvider since it's the start of the message. The main part is about scheduling an appointment. The phrase \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\" suggests scheduling, so that's likely under InfoGive's SchedulingAppt subcode. \n\nWait, but the code for scheduling when the provider is giving info would be InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The greeting part is a salutation, so PartnershipProvider's salutation subcode. \n\nLet me check the definitions again. For PartnershipProvider's salutation, it's the start of the message, which this is. The \"Hi\" fits there. The scheduling part is part of providing information to schedule, so InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. \n\nSo the spans would be \"Hi\" for the salutation, and \"make an office visit for Person1 to review PET scan with Dr. Person2, please let us know what works\" but the minimal span for scheduling would be \"make an office visit\" or \"please let us know what works\". Wait, the exact subcode for scheduling is about dates and times. The key here is \"make an office visit\" which is scheduling. The \"please let us know what works\" is asking for availability, so maybe that's part of the scheduling instruction. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is scheduling, so the minimal span for InfoGive/SchedulingAppt could be \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\". But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Maybe \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\" are separate? Or perhaps the entire instruction is part of the scheduling. \n\nAlternatively, the key part for scheduling is \"make an office visit\" which is the action, and the request to know what works is part of the scheduling process. So the minimal span for scheduling would be \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\" but maybe the entire phrase is needed. However, the minimal span should be the core phrase. \n\nAlternatively, \"make an office visit\" is the main action, so that's the span for SchedulingAppt. The \"please let us know what works\" is part of the request to schedule, so maybe that's part of the instruction subcode? Wait, the instruction subcode under InfoGive is for providing guidance. The \"please let us know\" is a request for the patient to respond with their availability, so that's part of scheduling. \n\nHmm, perhaps the entire \"make an office visit... please let us know what works\" is the span for SchedulingAppt. But the minimal span would be \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\" as separate? Or maybe the key is \"make an office visit\" as the main scheduling action. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is scheduling, so the minimal span for SchedulingAppt would be \"make an office visit for Person1 to review PET scan with Dr. Person2\". But the exact subcode definition for SchedulingAppt is about dates and times. Since the current sentence doesn't have specific dates, maybe it's still under SchedulingAppt because it's initiating the scheduling process. \n\nSo the two codes here are PartnershipProvider (salutation) and InfoGive (SchedulingAppt). The spans would be \"Hi\" and \"make an office visit... please let us know what works\". But the minimal span for the scheduling part should be the core part. Let me check the subcode definition again. SchedulingAppt is about dates, times, and other info related to seeing a provider. The current sentence is asking to schedule, so the action is making an office visit, which is part of scheduling. The \"please let us know what works\" is a prompt to provide availability, so that's part of the scheduling instruction. \n\nTherefore, the minimal span for SchedulingAppt would be \"make an office visit\" and \"please let us know what works\". But maybe the entire phrase is needed. Alternatively, the key is \"make an office visit\" as the main action. \n\nWait, the instruction says to extract minimal spans. So for the salutation, \"Hi\" is the span. For the scheduling, the key part"
] |
10 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi, We need to make an office visit for Person1 to review PET scan with Dr. Person2, please let us know what works.\n Current sentence: Thank you Person3\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you \"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "signoff", "Span": "Thank you "}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: After starting how long do I wait or when do I go for my first blood draw for the orders that Dr Person1 already submitted.\n Current sentence: Do I need to make an appointment because I also due to get my port flushed.\n Next sentence: Can it be made at Org2 I work at Org2 and can walk over anytime during the day\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Do I need to make an appointment\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hey I believe surgery went well , just really sore.\n Next sentence: I not sure if I should get it done with me being like I am , I unable to lay on my right side lol but I thinking maybe in a few weeks.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hey \"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"I believe surgery went well , just really sore\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi, We need to make an office visit for Person1 to review PET scan with Dr. Person2, please let us know what works.\n Current sentence: Thank you Person3\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
"until": [
"JSON_END"
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Thank you Person3.\" The previous sentence is a request to schedule an office visit, and the next sentence is none, so the current is the closing sentence.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the code and sub-code. The provider is thanking someone, which sounds like appreciation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipProvider has a sub-code called Appreciation/Gratitude. Since the provider is the one speaking, it's under PartnershipProvider. The salutation sub-code is for greetings, but since this is a closing sentence and it's a thank you, it's Appreciation/Gratitude. The span here is \"Thank you Person3\" but maybe just \"Thank you\" since Person3 is the recipient. Wait, the exact span should be the minimal part expressing gratitude. \"Thank you\" is the key phrase here. \n\nI should check if there's any other code. Since it's just a thank you, no other codes apply here. So the code is PartnershipProvider with sub-code Appreciation/Gratitude and the span \"Thank you\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Thank you Person3.\" The previous sentence is a request to schedule an office visit, and the next sentence is none, so the current is the closing sentence.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the code and sub-code. The provider is thanking someone, which sounds like appreciation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipProvider has a sub-code called Appreciation/Gratitude. Since the provider is the one speaking, it's under PartnershipProvider. The salutation sub-code is for greetings, but since this is a closing sentence and it's a thank you, it's Appreciation/Gratitude. The span here is \"Thank you Person3\" but maybe just \"Thank you\" since Person3 is the recipient. Wait, the exact span should be the minimal part expressing gratitude. \"Thank you\" is the key phrase here. \n\nI should check if there's any other code. Since it's just a thank you, no other codes apply here. So the code is PartnershipProvider with sub-code Appreciation/Gratitude and the span \"Thank you\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | ccf53866e5ed3d4a8512c353ce4910eb4c603826d4708044f2d8f104641c4363 | 94a72058632aabb870639a14b5ba3379d0a9d9391fe33a38ca79c9c0ee3a1486 | dfe57064148e5a319f80e858f9dfb66015bb5f86043e3d7f47201243f6aee594 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you \"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Thank you Person3.\" The previous sentence is a request to schedule an office visit, and the next sentence is none, so the current is the closing sentence.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the code and sub-code. The provider is thanking someone, which sounds like appreciation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipProvider has a sub-code called Appreciation/Gratitude. Since the provider is the one speaking, it's under PartnershipProvider. The salutation sub-code is for greetings, but since this is a closing sentence and it's a thank you, it's Appreciation/Gratitude. The span here is \"Thank you Person3\" but maybe just \"Thank you\" since Person3 is the recipient. Wait, the exact span should be the minimal part expressing gratitude. \"Thank you\" is the key phrase here. \n\nI should check if there's any other code. Since it's just a thank you, no other codes apply here. So the code is PartnershipProvider with sub-code Appreciation/Gratitude and the span \"Thank you\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}"
] |
11 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Greetings to One and All at Dr. Person1's Office, Please send to Dr. Person2, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Person3: XXX-XXX-XXXX, Fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX blood tests results and all scans results of Person4, for MM/DD/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY - and - for MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY (ordered by Dr. Person5), MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: THANK YOU for your help, always.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"Please send to\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "salutation", "Span": "Greetings"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Instruction", "Span": "Please send to"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: He needs another 7.5mg every so often, usually MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Person1 also needs a new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg, if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue taking it.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"needs a refill\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi, I see an appointment for Urology in Org3 with Dr. Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY at 3 pm.\n Current sentence: 2200 Org3.\n Next sentence: Does that work?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"2200 Org3\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Greetings to One and All at Dr. Person1's Office, Please send to Dr. Person2, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Person3: XXX-XXX-XXXX, Fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX blood tests results and all scans results of Person4, for MM/DD/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY - and - for MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY (ordered by Dr. Person5), MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: THANK YOU for your help, always.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is a message from a patient, starting with greetings and requesting specific medical records. The next sentence is a thank you, so the current sentence is the opening one.\n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The patient starts with \"Greetings to One and All at Dr. Person1's Office,\" which sounds like a salutation. Since it's the opening sentence, the salutation sub-code under PartnershipPatient might apply here. The salutation sub-code is for greeting someone at the start of a message, so \"Greetings to One and All at Dr. Person1's Office\" fits that.\n\nNext, the main part of the message is a request for sending blood tests and scans to Dr. Person2. The patient is seeking information about their medical records, which falls under InfoSeek. Specifically, they're asking for diagnostics (test results and scans), so the Diagnostics sub-code under InfoSeek is appropriate. The span here would be \"send to Dr. Person2... scans results of Person4\" but the minimal span should be \"send to Dr. Person2, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center... scans results of Person4\".\n\nAdditionally, the patient mentions specific dates and the fax number, which relates to providing contact information and dates. However, dates might fall under SchedulingAppt, but since the request is about sending records, it's more about diagnostics. The fax details could be part of Generalinformation, but the primary request is for diagnostics.\n\nLooking at the next sentence, \"THANK YOU for your help, always.\" is a closing with gratitude, but the current sentence's main focus is the request. \n\nAnother aspect is the mention of \"blood tests results and all scans results,\" which clearly points to diagnostics. The dates and the mention of the doctor who ordered them also support the diagnostics sub-code.\n\nIs there any other code? The PartnershipPatient's \"connection\" sub-code is for non-medical info strengthening the relationship, but the greeting is already covered by salutation. The rest is a formal request, so maybe not. \n\nSo the codes would be:\n1. PartnershipPatient: salutation for the greeting.\n2. InfoSeek: Diagnostics for the request of test results and scans.\n\nWait, but the current sentence is the patient's message. The request for diagnostics would be under InfoSeek's Diagnostics sub-code. The span for that would be \"send to Dr. Person2... scans results of Person4\".\n\nAlso, the dates and the mention of the doctor might be part of the diagnostics request, but the key is the request for the results themselves. \n\nTherefore, the two pairs are:\n- PartnershipPatient with salutation for the greeting part.\n- InfoSeek with Diagnostics for the request of sending test and scan results.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings to One and All at Dr. Person1's Office\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"send to Dr. Person2, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Person3: XXX-XXX-XXXX, Fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX blood tests results and all scans results of Person4\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is a message from a patient, starting with greetings and requesting specific medical records. The next sentence is a thank you, so the current sentence is the opening one.\n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The patient starts with \"Greetings to One and All at Dr. Person1's Office,\" which sounds like a salutation. Since it's the opening sentence, the salutation sub-code under PartnershipPatient might apply here. The salutation sub-code is for greeting someone at the start of a message, so \"Greetings to One and All at Dr. Person1's Office\" fits that.\n\nNext, the main part of the message is a request for sending blood tests and scans to Dr. Person2. The patient is seeking information about their medical records, which falls under InfoSeek. Specifically, they're asking for diagnostics (test results and scans), so the Diagnostics sub-code under InfoSeek is appropriate. The span here would be \"send to Dr. Person2... scans results of Person4\" but the minimal span should be \"send to Dr. Person2, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center... scans results of Person4\".\n\nAdditionally, the patient mentions specific dates and the fax number, which relates to providing contact information and dates. However, dates might fall under SchedulingAppt, but since the request is about sending records, it's more about diagnostics. The fax details could be part of Generalinformation, but the primary request is for diagnostics.\n\nLooking at the next sentence, \"THANK YOU for your help, always.\" is a closing with gratitude, but the current sentence's main focus is the request. \n\nAnother aspect is the mention of \"blood tests results and all scans results,\" which clearly points to diagnostics. The dates and the mention of the doctor who ordered them also support the diagnostics sub-code.\n\nIs there any other code? The PartnershipPatient's \"connection\" sub-code is for non-medical info strengthening the relationship, but the greeting is already covered by salutation. The rest is a formal request, so maybe not. \n\nSo the codes would be:\n1. PartnershipPatient: salutation for the greeting.\n2. InfoSeek: Diagnostics for the request of test results and scans.\n\nWait, but the current sentence is the patient's message. The request for diagnostics would be under InfoSeek's Diagnostics sub-code. The span for that would be \"send to Dr. Person2... scans results of Person4\".\n\nAlso, the dates and the mention of the doctor might be part of the diagnostics request, but the key is the request for the results themselves. \n\nTherefore, the two pairs are:\n- PartnershipPatient with salutation for the greeting part.\n- InfoSeek with Diagnostics for the request of sending test and scan results.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings to One and All at Dr. Person1's Office\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"send to Dr. Person2, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Person3: XXX-XXX-XXXX, Fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX blood tests results and all scans results of Person4\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 6239dc5936f45e9b56d4a2ebcc87d41d2489f425310eaf6c7ccf0b5843b70e7a | 839d73a9feae6f4804369c52fa350d20d9f0af94502b227c663bc52ae77850fa | a4f06768bed03c4c81fcb32d2bdf9d3fbceab632b626ce549515231e504c2efa | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"Please send to\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is a message from a patient, starting with greetings and requesting specific medical records. The next sentence is a thank you, so the current sentence is the opening one.\n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The patient starts with \"Greetings to One and All at Dr. Person1's Office,\" which sounds like a salutation. Since it's the opening sentence, the salutation sub-code under PartnershipPatient might apply here. The salutation sub-code is for greeting someone at the start of a message, so \"Greetings to One and All at Dr. Person1's Office\" fits that.\n\nNext, the main part of the message is a request for sending blood tests and scans to Dr. Person2. The patient is seeking information about their medical records, which falls under InfoSeek. Specifically, they're asking for diagnostics (test results and scans), so the Diagnostics sub-code under InfoSeek is appropriate. The span here would be \"send to Dr. Person2... scans results of Person4\" but the minimal span should be \"send to Dr. Person2, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center... scans results of Person4\".\n\nAdditionally, the patient mentions specific dates and the fax number, which relates to providing contact information and dates. However, dates might fall under SchedulingAppt, but since the request is about sending records, it's more about diagnostics. The fax details could be part of Generalinformation, but the primary request is for diagnostics.\n\nLooking at the next sentence, \"THANK YOU for your help, always.\" is a closing with gratitude, but the current sentence's main focus is the request. \n\nAnother aspect is the mention of \"blood tests results and all scans results,\" which clearly points to diagnostics. The dates and the mention of the doctor who ordered them also support the diagnostics sub-code.\n\nIs there any other code? The PartnershipPatient's \"connection\" sub-code is for non-medical info strengthening the relationship, but the greeting is already covered by salutation. The rest is a formal request, so maybe not. \n\nSo the codes would be:\n1. PartnershipPatient: salutation for the greeting.\n2. InfoSeek: Diagnostics for the request of test results and scans.\n\nWait, but the current sentence is the patient's message. The request for diagnostics would be under InfoSeek's Diagnostics sub-code. The span for that would be \"send to Dr. Person2... scans results of Person4\".\n\nAlso, the dates and the mention of the doctor might be part of the diagnostics request, but the key is the request for the results themselves. \n\nTherefore, the two pairs are:\n- PartnershipPatient with salutation for the greeting part.\n- InfoSeek with Diagnostics for the request of sending test and scan results.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings to One and All at Dr. Person1's Office\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"send to Dr. Person2, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Person3: XXX-XXX-XXXX, Fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX blood tests results and all scans results of Person4\"}]}"
] |
12 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: THANK YOU for your help, always.\n Current sentence: Best regards.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best regards\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "signoff", "Span": "Best regards"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Let me know results at your convenience.\n Current sentence: Best\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Yes MM/DD/YYYY org1, Sorry for the confusion, we do not know when old org2 with open again, so for now org1.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Alignment\", \"Span\": \"Yes MM/DD/YYYY org1\"}, {\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"AcknowledgeSituation\", \"Span\": \"Sorry for the confusion\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"checkingUnderstanding/clarification\", \"Span\": \"we do not know when old org2 with open again, so for now org1\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: THANK YOU for your help, always.\n Current sentence: Best regards.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Best regards.\" with the previous sentence being \"THANK YOU for your help, always.\" and the next sentence is none.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence expresses gratitude, and the current sentence is a closing statement. Since the next sentence is none, the current sentence is the closing of the message.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The task is to find which codes and subcodes apply here. \n\nStarting with \"Best regards.\" This seems like a sign-off. Checking the PartnershipPatient code's subcodes, there's \"signoff\" which fits here. The definition says it's indicating the message is complete in a polite way. So \"Best regards.\" would be the span for that.\n\nAdditionally, the previous sentence was \"THANK YOU...\", which is gratitude, but since we're only looking at the current sentence, maybe there's another subcode. Wait, but the current sentence is just \"Best regards.\" which is a signoff, not gratitude. The gratitude was in the previous sentence, which might be part of the Appreciation/Gratitude subcode, but since we can only use the current sentence's text, we can't include that here.\n\nLooking at other possible codes: PartnershipProvider also has a \"signoff\" subcode, but since the speaker is the patient, it should be under PartnershipPatient. \n\nNo other subcodes seem to fit here. The sentence isn't providing information (InfoGive), seeking info (InfoSeek), or related to shared decisions or socioemotional aspects beyond the signoff. \n\nSo the only pair here is PartnershipPatient with signoff, and the span is \"Best regards.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best regards.\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Best regards.\" with the previous sentence being \"THANK YOU for your help, always.\" and the next sentence is none.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence expresses gratitude, and the current sentence is a closing statement. Since the next sentence is none, the current sentence is the closing of the message.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The task is to find which codes and subcodes apply here. \n\nStarting with \"Best regards.\" This seems like a sign-off. Checking the PartnershipPatient code's subcodes, there's \"signoff\" which fits here. The definition says it's indicating the message is complete in a polite way. So \"Best regards.\" would be the span for that.\n\nAdditionally, the previous sentence was \"THANK YOU...\", which is gratitude, but since we're only looking at the current sentence, maybe there's another subcode. Wait, but the current sentence is just \"Best regards.\" which is a signoff, not gratitude. The gratitude was in the previous sentence, which might be part of the Appreciation/Gratitude subcode, but since we can only use the current sentence's text, we can't include that here.\n\nLooking at other possible codes: PartnershipProvider also has a \"signoff\" subcode, but since the speaker is the patient, it should be under PartnershipPatient. \n\nNo other subcodes seem to fit here. The sentence isn't providing information (InfoGive), seeking info (InfoSeek), or related to shared decisions or socioemotional aspects beyond the signoff. \n\nSo the only pair here is PartnershipPatient with signoff, and the span is \"Best regards.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best regards.\"}]}"
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"evaluate_eppc"
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"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best regards\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Best regards.\" with the previous sentence being \"THANK YOU for your help, always.\" and the next sentence is none.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence expresses gratitude, and the current sentence is a closing statement. Since the next sentence is none, the current sentence is the closing of the message.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The task is to find which codes and subcodes apply here. \n\nStarting with \"Best regards.\" This seems like a sign-off. Checking the PartnershipPatient code's subcodes, there's \"signoff\" which fits here. The definition says it's indicating the message is complete in a polite way. So \"Best regards.\" would be the span for that.\n\nAdditionally, the previous sentence was \"THANK YOU...\", which is gratitude, but since we're only looking at the current sentence, maybe there's another subcode. Wait, but the current sentence is just \"Best regards.\" which is a signoff, not gratitude. The gratitude was in the previous sentence, which might be part of the Appreciation/Gratitude subcode, but since we can only use the current sentence's text, we can't include that here.\n\nLooking at other possible codes: PartnershipProvider also has a \"signoff\" subcode, but since the speaker is the patient, it should be under PartnershipPatient. \n\nNo other subcodes seem to fit here. The sentence isn't providing information (InfoGive), seeking info (InfoSeek), or related to shared decisions or socioemotional aspects beyond the signoff. \n\nSo the only pair here is PartnershipPatient with signoff, and the span is \"Best regards.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best regards.\"}]}"
] |
13 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi, Sure, this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Take care Person1\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"this was faxed\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "salutation", "Span": "Hi"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "carecoordination", "Span": "this was faxed"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: That's what I thought but wanted to be sure.\n Next sentence: Have a great day too! Person1\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\", \"Span\": \"That's what I thought but wanted to be sure\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person1, Just checking to see how my bloodwork looks for my WBC?\n Next sentence: Thanks Person2\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"Just checking to see how my bloodwork looks for my WBC?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi, Sure, this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Take care Person1\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
"until": [
"JSON_END"
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"do_sample": false,
"temperature": 0,
"max_gen_toks": 1024
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hi, Sure, this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY.\" and the provider said it. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is \"Take care Person1,\" which is a closing sign-off.\n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The first part is \"Hi,\" which is a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, the salutation Sub-code under PartnershipProvider makes sense here. The PartnershipProvider code includes the salutation sub-code when the provider greets the patient, like using their name or a greeting at the start.\n\nNext, \"Sure, this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY.\" The word \"Sure\" might be an acknowledgment, but the key part is mentioning the faxed document with a date. Faxing a document relates to providing general information or administrative details. Looking at the codes, InfoGive's Generalinformation sub-code fits here because it's about administrative logistics like documents being sent. The span here would be \"this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY\" as it conveys the action of sending a document, which is administrative info.\n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. The mention of faxing isn't about symptoms, diagnostics, or treatment options, so other codes like InfoSeek or SharedDecision aren't applicable here. The \"Sure\" could be a confirmation, but without more context, it's better to focus on the explicit information given about the fax.\n\nAlso, the next sentence is a sign-off, but that's handled in the next part. For the current sentence, the main elements are the greeting and the administrative info. So the codes would be PartnershipProvider with salutation for \"Hi,\" and InfoGive with Generalinformation for the fax part.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hi, Sure, this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY.\" and the provider said it. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is \"Take care Person1,\" which is a closing sign-off.\n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The first part is \"Hi,\" which is a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, the salutation Sub-code under PartnershipProvider makes sense here. The PartnershipProvider code includes the salutation sub-code when the provider greets the patient, like using their name or a greeting at the start.\n\nNext, \"Sure, this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY.\" The word \"Sure\" might be an acknowledgment, but the key part is mentioning the faxed document with a date. Faxing a document relates to providing general information or administrative details. Looking at the codes, InfoGive's Generalinformation sub-code fits here because it's about administrative logistics like documents being sent. The span here would be \"this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY\" as it conveys the action of sending a document, which is administrative info.\n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. The mention of faxing isn't about symptoms, diagnostics, or treatment options, so other codes like InfoSeek or SharedDecision aren't applicable here. The \"Sure\" could be a confirmation, but without more context, it's better to focus on the explicit information given about the fax.\n\nAlso, the next sentence is a sign-off, but that's handled in the next part. For the current sentence, the main elements are the greeting and the administrative info. So the codes would be PartnershipProvider with salutation for \"Hi,\" and InfoGive with Generalinformation for the fax part.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 8dfb84ec29a7dc0a7375f1ab374ce174ac052900235b817b96ea108b1afeea89 | 41f6f688691c1e61c4c7fa29a7802f6a56ac82942bbdf549a9df7bb67f91966c | 1b5130f78c0282037648bc20978e762c76b9e53addc8774bef0c35bc5939fcc5 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"this was faxed\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hi, Sure, this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY.\" and the provider said it. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is \"Take care Person1,\" which is a closing sign-off.\n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The first part is \"Hi,\" which is a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, the salutation Sub-code under PartnershipProvider makes sense here. The PartnershipProvider code includes the salutation sub-code when the provider greets the patient, like using their name or a greeting at the start.\n\nNext, \"Sure, this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY.\" The word \"Sure\" might be an acknowledgment, but the key part is mentioning the faxed document with a date. Faxing a document relates to providing general information or administrative details. Looking at the codes, InfoGive's Generalinformation sub-code fits here because it's about administrative logistics like documents being sent. The span here would be \"this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY\" as it conveys the action of sending a document, which is administrative info.\n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. The mention of faxing isn't about symptoms, diagnostics, or treatment options, so other codes like InfoSeek or SharedDecision aren't applicable here. The \"Sure\" could be a confirmation, but without more context, it's better to focus on the explicit information given about the fax.\n\nAlso, the next sentence is a sign-off, but that's handled in the next part. For the current sentence, the main elements are the greeting and the administrative info. So the codes would be PartnershipProvider with salutation for \"Hi,\" and InfoGive with Generalinformation for the fax part.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
] |
14 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi, Sure, this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Take care Person1\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \"Take care\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "connection", "Span": "Take care"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hello Mr. Person1, You are welcome to have any 1 person accompany you to a visit but we are restricted to only 1 visitor with the patient in the clinics.\n Next sentence: We can call and have additional people on speaker phone if you wish.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"checkingUnderstanding/clarification\", \"Span\": \"You are welcome to have any 1 person accompany you to a visit but we are restricted to only 1 visitor with the patient in the clinics\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Ok. And also I would like to request and be seen still by Dr. Person1 as I have developed a confidence in him with him being my Oncologist.\n Next sentence: If possible, I would also like to speak with him directly.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Alignment\", \"Span\": \"Ok\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"statePreferences\", \"Span\": \"And also I would like to request and be seen still by Dr. Person1\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"build trust\", \"Span\": \"I have developed a confidence in him with him being my Oncologist\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi, Sure, this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Take care Person1\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Take care Person1\" with the previous sentence being \"Hi, Sure, this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY.\" and the next sentence is none. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence starts with a greeting (\"Hi\") and mentions a fax, so it's likely part of an administrative communication. The current sentence is \"Take care Person1,\" which sounds like a closing statement. Since the next sentence is none, this is the closing sentence of the message.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The key here is to identify which code and subcode apply to \"Take care Person1.\" \n\nStarting with the PartnershipProvider code because the provider is the one speaking. The subcodes under PartnershipProvider include salutation, connection, Appreciation/Gratitude, signoff, etc. \n\nThe phrase \"Take care\" is a common sign-off. The subcode \"signoff\" under PartnershipProvider fits here because it's indicating the message is ending politely. The span would be \"Take care.\"\n\nAdditionally, the name \"Person1\" is included, but since the subcode is about the sign-off, the name might be part of the salutation or just addressing the person. However, since the current sentence is the closing, \"Take care\" is the main part indicating the sign-off. The name is just addressing the recipient, so the main span is \"Take care.\"\n\nI should check if there's another code that might apply. For example, under Socioemotional/Empathy, there's \"PositiveRemarks\" or \"Reassurance,\" but \"Take care\" is more of a standard sign-off rather than an emotional response. \n\nAlso, \"salutation\" is for the start of the message, which was already covered in the previous sentence. So the correct code here is PartnershipProvider with the subcode \"signoff.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Take care\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Take care Person1\" with the previous sentence being \"Hi, Sure, this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY.\" and the next sentence is none. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence starts with a greeting (\"Hi\") and mentions a fax, so it's likely part of an administrative communication. The current sentence is \"Take care Person1,\" which sounds like a closing statement. Since the next sentence is none, this is the closing sentence of the message.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The key here is to identify which code and subcode apply to \"Take care Person1.\" \n\nStarting with the PartnershipProvider code because the provider is the one speaking. The subcodes under PartnershipProvider include salutation, connection, Appreciation/Gratitude, signoff, etc. \n\nThe phrase \"Take care\" is a common sign-off. The subcode \"signoff\" under PartnershipProvider fits here because it's indicating the message is ending politely. The span would be \"Take care.\"\n\nAdditionally, the name \"Person1\" is included, but since the subcode is about the sign-off, the name might be part of the salutation or just addressing the person. However, since the current sentence is the closing, \"Take care\" is the main part indicating the sign-off. The name is just addressing the recipient, so the main span is \"Take care.\"\n\nI should check if there's another code that might apply. For example, under Socioemotional/Empathy, there's \"PositiveRemarks\" or \"Reassurance,\" but \"Take care\" is more of a standard sign-off rather than an emotional response. \n\nAlso, \"salutation\" is for the start of the message, which was already covered in the previous sentence. So the correct code here is PartnershipProvider with the subcode \"signoff.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Take care\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 4df0e4a1b60e5a04d5b32d3d143efab692f6f23656c24feaca574c91b86ae9e8 | 87c0c071348ac401120d5d044a6bf176ce8a843d23ee33b53a0f746890629843 | 9cc43e4e218bd5f6fd5963a7bf95ac76c5205b96267abd215203965a837b655f | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \"Take care\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Take care Person1\" with the previous sentence being \"Hi, Sure, this was faxed MM/DD/YYYY.\" and the next sentence is none. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence starts with a greeting (\"Hi\") and mentions a fax, so it's likely part of an administrative communication. The current sentence is \"Take care Person1,\" which sounds like a closing statement. Since the next sentence is none, this is the closing sentence of the message.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The key here is to identify which code and subcode apply to \"Take care Person1.\" \n\nStarting with the PartnershipProvider code because the provider is the one speaking. The subcodes under PartnershipProvider include salutation, connection, Appreciation/Gratitude, signoff, etc. \n\nThe phrase \"Take care\" is a common sign-off. The subcode \"signoff\" under PartnershipProvider fits here because it's indicating the message is ending politely. The span would be \"Take care.\"\n\nAdditionally, the name \"Person1\" is included, but since the subcode is about the sign-off, the name might be part of the salutation or just addressing the person. However, since the current sentence is the closing, \"Take care\" is the main part indicating the sign-off. The name is just addressing the recipient, so the main span is \"Take care.\"\n\nI should check if there's another code that might apply. For example, under Socioemotional/Empathy, there's \"PositiveRemarks\" or \"Reassurance,\" but \"Take care\" is more of a standard sign-off rather than an emotional response. \n\nAlso, \"salutation\" is for the start of the message, which was already covered in the previous sentence. So the correct code here is PartnershipProvider with the subcode \"signoff.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Take care\"}]}"
] |
15 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Dr. Person1 has sent an order for a new PET scan (attached).\n Next sentence: He says it is a-okay for Person2 to have it done at G Hosp, considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"sent an order for a new PET scan\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGiveSDOH", "Sub-code": "HealthCareAccessAndQuality", "Span": "sent an order for a new PET scan"}]} | {
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"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Bloodwork looks good.\n Current sentence: If you agree will call pharmacy to order Ibrance Thanks.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"SeekingApproval\", \"Span\": \"If you agree will call pharmacy to order Ibrance\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: This is not a blood test it is a test to see how strong your bones are.\n Current sentence: I will ask our Clinical Secretary to schedule this and she will call you with the date and time.\n Next sentence: This test usually takes MM/DD/YYYY to get an appointment which is fine it is not an urgent t est.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I will ask our Clinical Secretary to schedule this\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"she will call you with the date and time\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Dr. Person1 has sent an order for a new PET scan (attached).\n Next sentence: He says it is a-okay for Person2 to have it done at G Hosp, considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient's message. The current sentence is \"Dr. Person1 has sent an order for a new PET scan (attached).\" with the previous sentence being None and the next one mentioning the hospital and travel difficulty.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is informing someone (probably a clinician) that Dr. Person1 has ordered a PET scan, and it's attached. The next sentence talks about the doctor's approval for the scan at a specific hospital because of travel difficulties. \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, let's start with the current sentence. The main action here is the provider (Dr. Person1) sending an order for a diagnostic test, the PET scan. The key here is that the patient is providing information about a diagnostic procedure. \n\nThe Code \"InfoGive\" is about providing guidance or information. The subcode \"Diagnostics\" fits because it's about identifying a medical condition through tests like a PET scan. The span here would be \"Dr. Person1 has sent an order for a new PET scan\" since that's the specific diagnostic information being given.\n\nNext, the next sentence mentions the hospital and travel difficulty. But since we're only looking at the current sentence, we focus on the diagnostic order. \n\nAnother possible code is \"SharedDecisionPatient\" if the patient is seeking approval or making a decision, but in this case, the current sentence is just informing about the order, not seeking approval. \n\nThe \"PartnershipPatient\" code might involve building trust or connection, but the current sentence is straightforward information sharing without emotional cues. \n\nThe \"InfoGiveSDOH\" codes relate to social, economic factors. The next sentence mentions travel difficulty, which could relate to EconomicStability (like housing instability or transportation issues), but that's in the next sentence, not the current one. Since we can't use the next sentence for span extraction, the current sentence doesn't mention SDOH factors. \n\nTherefore, the main code here is \"InfoGive\" with the subcode \"Diagnostics\". The span is the part about the PET scan order. \n\nWait, but let me check again. The next sentence's context might influence the current sentence's interpretation. The next sentence says the doctor approved the location because of travel difficulty. The current sentence is just stating the order. So the current sentence's main point is the diagnostic order, so \"Diagnostics\" under \"InfoGive\" is correct. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The patient isn't seeking information (InfoSeek), giving instructions (Instruction), or discussing symptoms. So the only pair is InfoGive-Diagnostics with the span about the PET scan order.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person1 has sent an order for a new PET scan\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient's message. The current sentence is \"Dr. Person1 has sent an order for a new PET scan (attached).\" with the previous sentence being None and the next one mentioning the hospital and travel difficulty.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is informing someone (probably a clinician) that Dr. Person1 has ordered a PET scan, and it's attached. The next sentence talks about the doctor's approval for the scan at a specific hospital because of travel difficulties. \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, let's start with the current sentence. The main action here is the provider (Dr. Person1) sending an order for a diagnostic test, the PET scan. The key here is that the patient is providing information about a diagnostic procedure. \n\nThe Code \"InfoGive\" is about providing guidance or information. The subcode \"Diagnostics\" fits because it's about identifying a medical condition through tests like a PET scan. The span here would be \"Dr. Person1 has sent an order for a new PET scan\" since that's the specific diagnostic information being given.\n\nNext, the next sentence mentions the hospital and travel difficulty. But since we're only looking at the current sentence, we focus on the diagnostic order. \n\nAnother possible code is \"SharedDecisionPatient\" if the patient is seeking approval or making a decision, but in this case, the current sentence is just informing about the order, not seeking approval. \n\nThe \"PartnershipPatient\" code might involve building trust or connection, but the current sentence is straightforward information sharing without emotional cues. \n\nThe \"InfoGiveSDOH\" codes relate to social, economic factors. The next sentence mentions travel difficulty, which could relate to EconomicStability (like housing instability or transportation issues), but that's in the next sentence, not the current one. Since we can't use the next sentence for span extraction, the current sentence doesn't mention SDOH factors. \n\nTherefore, the main code here is \"InfoGive\" with the subcode \"Diagnostics\". The span is the part about the PET scan order. \n\nWait, but let me check again. The next sentence's context might influence the current sentence's interpretation. The next sentence says the doctor approved the location because of travel difficulty. The current sentence is just stating the order. So the current sentence's main point is the diagnostic order, so \"Diagnostics\" under \"InfoGive\" is correct. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The patient isn't seeking information (InfoSeek), giving instructions (Instruction), or discussing symptoms. So the only pair is InfoGive-Diagnostics with the span about the PET scan order.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person1 has sent an order for a new PET scan\"}]}"
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"evaluate_eppc"
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"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"sent an order for a new PET scan\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient's message. The current sentence is \"Dr. Person1 has sent an order for a new PET scan (attached).\" with the previous sentence being None and the next one mentioning the hospital and travel difficulty.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is informing someone (probably a clinician) that Dr. Person1 has ordered a PET scan, and it's attached. The next sentence talks about the doctor's approval for the scan at a specific hospital because of travel difficulties. \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, let's start with the current sentence. The main action here is the provider (Dr. Person1) sending an order for a diagnostic test, the PET scan. The key here is that the patient is providing information about a diagnostic procedure. \n\nThe Code \"InfoGive\" is about providing guidance or information. The subcode \"Diagnostics\" fits because it's about identifying a medical condition through tests like a PET scan. The span here would be \"Dr. Person1 has sent an order for a new PET scan\" since that's the specific diagnostic information being given.\n\nNext, the next sentence mentions the hospital and travel difficulty. But since we're only looking at the current sentence, we focus on the diagnostic order. \n\nAnother possible code is \"SharedDecisionPatient\" if the patient is seeking approval or making a decision, but in this case, the current sentence is just informing about the order, not seeking approval. \n\nThe \"PartnershipPatient\" code might involve building trust or connection, but the current sentence is straightforward information sharing without emotional cues. \n\nThe \"InfoGiveSDOH\" codes relate to social, economic factors. The next sentence mentions travel difficulty, which could relate to EconomicStability (like housing instability or transportation issues), but that's in the next sentence, not the current one. Since we can't use the next sentence for span extraction, the current sentence doesn't mention SDOH factors. \n\nTherefore, the main code here is \"InfoGive\" with the subcode \"Diagnostics\". The span is the part about the PET scan order. \n\nWait, but let me check again. The next sentence's context might influence the current sentence's interpretation. The next sentence says the doctor approved the location because of travel difficulty. The current sentence is just stating the order. So the current sentence's main point is the diagnostic order, so \"Diagnostics\" under \"InfoGive\" is correct. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The patient isn't seeking information (InfoSeek), giving instructions (Instruction), or discussing symptoms. So the only pair is InfoGive-Diagnostics with the span about the PET scan order.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person1 has sent an order for a new PET scan\"}]}"
] |
16 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Dr. Person1 has sent an order for a new PET scan (attached).\n Current sentence: He says it is a-okay for Person2 to have it done at G Hosp, considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel.\n Next sentence: Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\", \"Span\": \"it is a-okay for Person2 to have it done\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\", \"Span\": \"considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "SharedDecisionPatient", "Sub-code": "ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement", "Span": "it is a-okay for Person2 to have it done"}, {"Code": "InfoGiveSDOH", "Sub-code": "NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment", "Span": "considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi Mr Person1 The results are not back yet.\n Current sentence: PSA takes longer to run.\n Next sentence: You will see the results on My chart the same time I do.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"PSA takes longer to run.\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Greetings, Person1 rec'd a notice MM/DD/YYYY (MM/DD/YYYY, letter dated MM/DD/YYYY) of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Hematology and Oncology Indications).\n Next sentence: The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"rec'd a notice MM/DD/YYYY\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"disapproval for the testing\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Dr. Person1 has sent an order for a new PET scan (attached).\n Current sentence: He says it is a-okay for Person2 to have it done at G Hosp, considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel.\n Next sentence: Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"He says it is a-okay for Person2 to have it done at G Hosp, considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions Dr. Person1 ordering a PET scan and attaching it. The current sentence is the patient (or someone) confirming that the doctor approved the scan at G Hosp, considering Person2's travel difficulties. The next sentence asks for advice on submitting the request to G Hosp.\n\nStarting with the Code identification. The sentence mentions approval from the doctor (\"a-okay\") and the reason related to travel difficulty, which is a SDOH factor (economic stability or healthcare access). \n\nLooking at the Codes:\n\n1. **PartnershipPatient**: The patient is expressing a situation that affects their ability to access care (travel difficulty), which might fall under PartnershipPatient's subcodes like 'activeParticipation/involvement' or 'statePreferences'. But the main point here is the doctor's approval and the reason, so maybe not directly.\n\n2. **InfoGiveSDOH**: The part about travel difficulty relates to economic stability (since travel is part of accessing healthcare, maybe under HealthCareAccessAndQuality or EconomicStability). The difficulty in traveling could be under EconomicStability (access to resources like transportation) or HealthCareAccessAndQuality (health access barriers).\n\n3. **InfoGive**: The doctor's approval (\"a-okay\") is giving information about the procedure's approval. That might be under 'Instruction' or 'carecoordination'.\n\n4. **SharedDecisionPatient**: The patient is seeking approval, but the current sentence is more about the doctor's approval, so maybe not here.\n\nLooking at the subcodes:\n\n- For **InfoGiveSDOH**, the subcode could be HealthCareAccessAndQuality (since the difficulty in traveling affects access to the hospital) or EconomicStability (since travel is a resource issue). The phrase \"considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel\" points to the reason, so that's part of SDOH. HealthCareAccessAndQuality includes factors like access to healthcare services, so that might fit better here.\n\n- The \"a-okay\" part is the doctor's approval, which is part of giving information. That would fall under **InfoGive** with subcode 'Instruction' (providing guidance) or 'carecoordination' (since it's about arranging the scan at a specific hospital). Alternatively, 'Diagnostics' if it's about the test itself, but the approval is more about permission.\n\nWait, the doctor's approval is giving permission, so maybe 'Instruction' as it's guidance on where to have it done. Alternatively, 'carecoordination' because it's about coordinating the location.\n\nAlso, the mention of the hospital's name and the reason (travel difficulty) might tie into SDOH. The difficulty in traveling is part of the neighborhood and built environment (access to transportation) or economic stability (ability to afford travel). But according to the subcodes:\n\n- **HealthCareAccessAndQuality** includes \"Health Access\" which could include physical access like transportation. So that's a good fit.\n\nSo for the part \"considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel\" → **InfoGiveSDOH** with subcode **HealthCareAccessAndQuality**.\n\nThe \"He says it is a-okay...\" part is the doctor's approval, so that's **InfoGive** with subcode 'Instruction' (providing guidance on where to have the scan done) or 'carecoordination' (arranging the location). Let me check the subcodes again:\n\nUnder **InfoGive** subcodes:\n- Instruction: providing guidance to ensure proper execution. Since the doctor is giving approval for the location, that's instruction on where to proceed. So \"a-okay for Person2 to have it done at G Hosp\" → \"Instruction\" subcode.\n\nAdditionally, the mention of the hospital's name and the reason (travel difficulty) might also involve **carecoordination**, but the main action here is the approval, so 'Instruction' is better.\n\nAnother angle: The entire sentence is the patient relaying the doctor's approval, so it's InfoGive (providing info from the doctor) with the subcode related to the content. The approval is part of the instruction on where to proceed, so yes.\n\nNow, checking for other possible codes:\n\n- **PartnershipPatient**: The patient is explaining the situation (travel difficulty) which could be part of 'activeParticipation/involvement' as they're providing info to help with care decisions. But the current sentence is more about conveying the doctor's approval and the reason, so maybe not the main focus here.\n\n- **Socioemotional/Empathy**: The sentence doesn't express emotions directly, so probably not.\n\nSo the main codes here are:\n\n1. **InfoGive** with sub"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"He says it is a-okay for Person2 to have it done at G Hosp, considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions Dr. Person1 ordering a PET scan and attaching it. The current sentence is the patient (or someone) confirming that the doctor approved the scan at G Hosp, considering Person2's travel difficulties. The next sentence asks for advice on submitting the request to G Hosp.\n\nStarting with the Code identification. The sentence mentions approval from the doctor (\"a-okay\") and the reason related to travel difficulty, which is a SDOH factor (economic stability or healthcare access). \n\nLooking at the Codes:\n\n1. **PartnershipPatient**: The patient is expressing a situation that affects their ability to access care (travel difficulty), which might fall under PartnershipPatient's subcodes like 'activeParticipation/involvement' or 'statePreferences'. But the main point here is the doctor's approval and the reason, so maybe not directly.\n\n2. **InfoGiveSDOH**: The part about travel difficulty relates to economic stability (since travel is part of accessing healthcare, maybe under HealthCareAccessAndQuality or EconomicStability). The difficulty in traveling could be under EconomicStability (access to resources like transportation) or HealthCareAccessAndQuality (health access barriers).\n\n3. **InfoGive**: The doctor's approval (\"a-okay\") is giving information about the procedure's approval. That might be under 'Instruction' or 'carecoordination'.\n\n4. **SharedDecisionPatient**: The patient is seeking approval, but the current sentence is more about the doctor's approval, so maybe not here.\n\nLooking at the subcodes:\n\n- For **InfoGiveSDOH**, the subcode could be HealthCareAccessAndQuality (since the difficulty in traveling affects access to the hospital) or EconomicStability (since travel is a resource issue). The phrase \"considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel\" points to the reason, so that's part of SDOH. HealthCareAccessAndQuality includes factors like access to healthcare services, so that might fit better here.\n\n- The \"a-okay\" part is the doctor's approval, which is part of giving information. That would fall under **InfoGive** with subcode 'Instruction' (providing guidance) or 'carecoordination' (since it's about arranging the scan at a specific hospital). Alternatively, 'Diagnostics' if it's about the test itself, but the approval is more about permission.\n\nWait, the doctor's approval is giving permission, so maybe 'Instruction' as it's guidance on where to have it done. Alternatively, 'carecoordination' because it's about coordinating the location.\n\nAlso, the mention of the hospital's name and the reason (travel difficulty) might tie into SDOH. The difficulty in traveling is part of the neighborhood and built environment (access to transportation) or economic stability (ability to afford travel). But according to the subcodes:\n\n- **HealthCareAccessAndQuality** includes \"Health Access\" which could include physical access like transportation. So that's a good fit.\n\nSo for the part \"considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel\" → **InfoGiveSDOH** with subcode **HealthCareAccessAndQuality**.\n\nThe \"He says it is a-okay...\" part is the doctor's approval, so that's **InfoGive** with subcode 'Instruction' (providing guidance on where to have the scan done) or 'carecoordination' (arranging the location). Let me check the subcodes again:\n\nUnder **InfoGive** subcodes:\n- Instruction: providing guidance to ensure proper execution. Since the doctor is giving approval for the location, that's instruction on where to proceed. So \"a-okay for Person2 to have it done at G Hosp\" → \"Instruction\" subcode.\n\nAdditionally, the mention of the hospital's name and the reason (travel difficulty) might also involve **carecoordination**, but the main action here is the approval, so 'Instruction' is better.\n\nAnother angle: The entire sentence is the patient relaying the doctor's approval, so it's InfoGive (providing info from the doctor) with the subcode related to the content. The approval is part of the instruction on where to proceed, so yes.\n\nNow, checking for other possible codes:\n\n- **PartnershipPatient**: The patient is explaining the situation (travel difficulty) which could be part of 'activeParticipation/involvement' as they're providing info to help with care decisions. But the current sentence is more about conveying the doctor's approval and the reason, so maybe not the main focus here.\n\n- **Socioemotional/Empathy**: The sentence doesn't express emotions directly, so probably not.\n\nSo the main codes here are:\n\n1. **InfoGive** with sub"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 2d4f1f8e5d80710920616f799332c64bd96be96a43f8de87324447c1399189ab | 82a3b0a5342f34c7692de48d0898ba88217726f1e10635db60de6330a31b1d18 | bb70e1e48a10e021f7063459556bc1d62872aff98ff33c99f012e9b0628b9f3f | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\", \"Span\": \"it is a-okay for Person2 to have it done\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\", \"Span\": \"considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"He says it is a-okay for Person2 to have it done at G Hosp, considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions Dr. Person1 ordering a PET scan and attaching it. The current sentence is the patient (or someone) confirming that the doctor approved the scan at G Hosp, considering Person2's travel difficulties. The next sentence asks for advice on submitting the request to G Hosp.\n\nStarting with the Code identification. The sentence mentions approval from the doctor (\"a-okay\") and the reason related to travel difficulty, which is a SDOH factor (economic stability or healthcare access). \n\nLooking at the Codes:\n\n1. **PartnershipPatient**: The patient is expressing a situation that affects their ability to access care (travel difficulty), which might fall under PartnershipPatient's subcodes like 'activeParticipation/involvement' or 'statePreferences'. But the main point here is the doctor's approval and the reason, so maybe not directly.\n\n2. **InfoGiveSDOH**: The part about travel difficulty relates to economic stability (since travel is part of accessing healthcare, maybe under HealthCareAccessAndQuality or EconomicStability). The difficulty in traveling could be under EconomicStability (access to resources like transportation) or HealthCareAccessAndQuality (health access barriers).\n\n3. **InfoGive**: The doctor's approval (\"a-okay\") is giving information about the procedure's approval. That might be under 'Instruction' or 'carecoordination'.\n\n4. **SharedDecisionPatient**: The patient is seeking approval, but the current sentence is more about the doctor's approval, so maybe not here.\n\nLooking at the subcodes:\n\n- For **InfoGiveSDOH**, the subcode could be HealthCareAccessAndQuality (since the difficulty in traveling affects access to the hospital) or EconomicStability (since travel is a resource issue). The phrase \"considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel\" points to the reason, so that's part of SDOH. HealthCareAccessAndQuality includes factors like access to healthcare services, so that might fit better here.\n\n- The \"a-okay\" part is the doctor's approval, which is part of giving information. That would fall under **InfoGive** with subcode 'Instruction' (providing guidance) or 'carecoordination' (since it's about arranging the scan at a specific hospital). Alternatively, 'Diagnostics' if it's about the test itself, but the approval is more about permission.\n\nWait, the doctor's approval is giving permission, so maybe 'Instruction' as it's guidance on where to have it done. Alternatively, 'carecoordination' because it's about coordinating the location.\n\nAlso, the mention of the hospital's name and the reason (travel difficulty) might tie into SDOH. The difficulty in traveling is part of the neighborhood and built environment (access to transportation) or economic stability (ability to afford travel). But according to the subcodes:\n\n- **HealthCareAccessAndQuality** includes \"Health Access\" which could include physical access like transportation. So that's a good fit.\n\nSo for the part \"considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel\" → **InfoGiveSDOH** with subcode **HealthCareAccessAndQuality**.\n\nThe \"He says it is a-okay...\" part is the doctor's approval, so that's **InfoGive** with subcode 'Instruction' (providing guidance on where to have the scan done) or 'carecoordination' (arranging the location). Let me check the subcodes again:\n\nUnder **InfoGive** subcodes:\n- Instruction: providing guidance to ensure proper execution. Since the doctor is giving approval for the location, that's instruction on where to proceed. So \"a-okay for Person2 to have it done at G Hosp\" → \"Instruction\" subcode.\n\nAdditionally, the mention of the hospital's name and the reason (travel difficulty) might also involve **carecoordination**, but the main action here is the approval, so 'Instruction' is better.\n\nAnother angle: The entire sentence is the patient relaying the doctor's approval, so it's InfoGive (providing info from the doctor) with the subcode related to the content. The approval is part of the instruction on where to proceed, so yes.\n\nNow, checking for other possible codes:\n\n- **PartnershipPatient**: The patient is explaining the situation (travel difficulty) which could be part of 'activeParticipation/involvement' as they're providing info to help with care decisions. But the current sentence is more about conveying the doctor's approval and the reason, so maybe not the main focus here.\n\n- **Socioemotional/Empathy**: The sentence doesn't express emotions directly, so probably not.\n\nSo the main codes here are:\n\n1. **InfoGive** with sub"
] |
17 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: He says it is a-okay for Person2 to have it done at G Hosp, considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel.\n Current sentence: Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\n Next sentence: many thanks.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise me how to submit this to\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"if you can assist me in doing that\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoSeek", "Sub-code": "Generalinformation", "Span": "Please advise me how to submit this to"}, {"Code": "InfoSeek", "Sub-code": "Generalinformation", "Span": "if you can assist me in doing that"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Greetings, Person1 rec'd a notice MM/DD/YYYY (MM/DD/YYYY, letter dated MM/DD/YYYY) of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Hematology and Oncology Indications).\n Current sentence: The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\n Next sentence: Do you prefer to tackle this?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"expressOpinions\", \"Span\": \"The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: It can be a common side effect of the Taxol.\n Current sentence: You could soak your toes in a mixture of warm water and vinegar or warm water and peroxide several times a day, keep them dry at other times.\n Next sentence: Yes, please let Dr Person1 take a look tomorrow.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"You could soak your toes in a mixture of warm water and vinegar or warm water and peroxide several times a day, keep them dry at other times\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: He says it is a-okay for Person2 to have it done at G Hosp, considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel.\n Current sentence: Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\n Next sentence: many thanks.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\" The patient is asking for guidance on submitting something to the hospital and whether the provider can help. \n\nFirst, looking at the codes. The main goal here is to identify which code and sub-code apply. Since the patient is seeking information, specifically about how to submit a request, this falls under the \"InfoSeek\" code. \n\nNow, checking the sub-codes under InfoSeek. The options include SchedulingAppt, Drugs, Generalinformation, Diagnostics, Symptoms, and carecoordination. The sentence isn't about scheduling an appointment or drugs. It's about the process of submitting a request, which seems administrative. \n\nThe sub-code \"Generalinformation\" fits here because it's about administrative or logistical information. The patient wants to know the procedure for submission, which isn't directly related to medical treatment but is part of healthcare logistics. \n\nAdditionally, the next sentence is \"many thanks,\" which might relate to appreciation, but that's part of the next sentence, so we can't include that here. The current sentence is purely a request for information on how to proceed, so the main code is InfoSeek with the sub-code Generalinformation. \n\nI should also check if there's another possible code. Maybe InfoSeekSDOH? But that's about social, economic factors. The request here is about submitting paperwork, so no. \n\nTherefore, the correct pair is InfoSeek-Generalinformation with the span being the entire sentence. Wait, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me see. The key part is \"how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\" But the entire sentence is the request. However, maybe the minimal span is \"how to submit this to G Hosp\" and \"assist me in doing that.\" But the entire sentence is the core request. Hmm. The instruction says to extract the minimal specific span. The core is \"how to submit this to G Hosp\" and \"assist me in doing that.\" But maybe the entire sentence is needed. Wait, the example given in the first input had the entire sentence as the span. Let me check the example again. \n\nIn the first example, the output included the entire current sentence as the span. So perhaps here, the entire sentence is the minimal span needed to capture the request for information. \n\nSo the final answer should be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that\"}]}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\" The patient is asking for guidance on submitting something to the hospital and whether the provider can help. \n\nFirst, looking at the codes. The main goal here is to identify which code and sub-code apply. Since the patient is seeking information, specifically about how to submit a request, this falls under the \"InfoSeek\" code. \n\nNow, checking the sub-codes under InfoSeek. The options include SchedulingAppt, Drugs, Generalinformation, Diagnostics, Symptoms, and carecoordination. The sentence isn't about scheduling an appointment or drugs. It's about the process of submitting a request, which seems administrative. \n\nThe sub-code \"Generalinformation\" fits here because it's about administrative or logistical information. The patient wants to know the procedure for submission, which isn't directly related to medical treatment but is part of healthcare logistics. \n\nAdditionally, the next sentence is \"many thanks,\" which might relate to appreciation, but that's part of the next sentence, so we can't include that here. The current sentence is purely a request for information on how to proceed, so the main code is InfoSeek with the sub-code Generalinformation. \n\nI should also check if there's another possible code. Maybe InfoSeekSDOH? But that's about social, economic factors. The request here is about submitting paperwork, so no. \n\nTherefore, the correct pair is InfoSeek-Generalinformation with the span being the entire sentence. Wait, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me see. The key part is \"how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\" But the entire sentence is the request. However, maybe the minimal span is \"how to submit this to G Hosp\" and \"assist me in doing that.\" But the entire sentence is the core request. Hmm. The instruction says to extract the minimal specific span. The core is \"how to submit this to G Hosp\" and \"assist me in doing that.\" But maybe the entire sentence is needed. Wait, the example given in the first input had the entire sentence as the span. Let me check the example again. \n\nIn the first example, the output included the entire current sentence as the span. So perhaps here, the entire sentence is the minimal span needed to capture the request for information. \n\nSo the final answer should be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that\"}]}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | c62516bbed0c4d5404558c628a8cc224b2b2db24dc311819603b37cf66ea4eea | 6e2e7d2ff6359a03e5839169ad927839851db10525998d78a8e180204702b008 | a443e0a924e5fe12443eb4afc83dddef49869495e9cec9e4d7ff29e9359f0adc | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise me how to submit this to\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"if you can assist me in doing that\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\" The patient is asking for guidance on submitting something to the hospital and whether the provider can help. \n\nFirst, looking at the codes. The main goal here is to identify which code and sub-code apply. Since the patient is seeking information, specifically about how to submit a request, this falls under the \"InfoSeek\" code. \n\nNow, checking the sub-codes under InfoSeek. The options include SchedulingAppt, Drugs, Generalinformation, Diagnostics, Symptoms, and carecoordination. The sentence isn't about scheduling an appointment or drugs. It's about the process of submitting a request, which seems administrative. \n\nThe sub-code \"Generalinformation\" fits here because it's about administrative or logistical information. The patient wants to know the procedure for submission, which isn't directly related to medical treatment but is part of healthcare logistics. \n\nAdditionally, the next sentence is \"many thanks,\" which might relate to appreciation, but that's part of the next sentence, so we can't include that here. The current sentence is purely a request for information on how to proceed, so the main code is InfoSeek with the sub-code Generalinformation. \n\nI should also check if there's another possible code. Maybe InfoSeekSDOH? But that's about social, economic factors. The request here is about submitting paperwork, so no. \n\nTherefore, the correct pair is InfoSeek-Generalinformation with the span being the entire sentence. Wait, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me see. The key part is \"how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\" But the entire sentence is the request. However, maybe the minimal span is \"how to submit this to G Hosp\" and \"assist me in doing that.\" But the entire sentence is the core request. Hmm. The instruction says to extract the minimal specific span. The core is \"how to submit this to G Hosp\" and \"assist me in doing that.\" But maybe the entire sentence is needed. Wait, the example given in the first input had the entire sentence as the span. Let me check the example again. \n\nIn the first example, the output included the entire current sentence as the span. So perhaps here, the entire sentence is the minimal span needed to capture the request for information. \n\nSo the final answer should be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that\"}]}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that\"}]}"
] |
18 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\n Current sentence: many thanks.\n Next sentence: Person3 (Person2's wife)\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"many thanks\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "signoff", "Span": "many thanks"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Good Morning Hope your MM/DD/YYYY is beautiful!! I am doing fine.\n Current sentence: Should I start my Ibrance today?\n Next sentence: Person1\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"SeekingApproval\", \"Span\": \"Should I start my Ibrance today?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi G. Will pick up some olives today.\n Next sentence: Thanks!\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Will pick up some olives today\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\n Current sentence: many thanks.\n Next sentence: Person3 (Person2's wife)\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"many thanks.\" I need to figure out the code and sub-code for this.\n\nFirst, looking at the previous sentence: \"Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\" The user is asking for help with a process, so that's probably InfoSeek or something related. But the current sentence is a thank you, so that's a different part.\n\nThe current sentence is just \"many thanks.\" That's an expression of gratitude. Now, checking the codes. The PartnershipPatient code has a sub-code called Appreciation/Gratitude. The PartnershipProvider also has Appreciation/Gratitude, but since the speaker is the patient, it should be under PartnershipPatient. \n\nThe salutation sub-code is for greetings, but \"many thanks\" is a closing gratitude, so it's not a salutation. The next sentence is \"Person3 (Person2's wife)\" which might be a sign-off, but the current sentence is the gratitude part. \n\nSo the code here is PartnershipPatient, sub-code Appreciation/Gratitude, and the span is \"many thanks.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"many thanks\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"many thanks.\" I need to figure out the code and sub-code for this.\n\nFirst, looking at the previous sentence: \"Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\" The user is asking for help with a process, so that's probably InfoSeek or something related. But the current sentence is a thank you, so that's a different part.\n\nThe current sentence is just \"many thanks.\" That's an expression of gratitude. Now, checking the codes. The PartnershipPatient code has a sub-code called Appreciation/Gratitude. The PartnershipProvider also has Appreciation/Gratitude, but since the speaker is the patient, it should be under PartnershipPatient. \n\nThe salutation sub-code is for greetings, but \"many thanks\" is a closing gratitude, so it's not a salutation. The next sentence is \"Person3 (Person2's wife)\" which might be a sign-off, but the current sentence is the gratitude part. \n\nSo the code here is PartnershipPatient, sub-code Appreciation/Gratitude, and the span is \"many thanks.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"many thanks\"}]}"
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"evaluate_eppc"
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"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"many thanks\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"many thanks.\" I need to figure out the code and sub-code for this.\n\nFirst, looking at the previous sentence: \"Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\" The user is asking for help with a process, so that's probably InfoSeek or something related. But the current sentence is a thank you, so that's a different part.\n\nThe current sentence is just \"many thanks.\" That's an expression of gratitude. Now, checking the codes. The PartnershipPatient code has a sub-code called Appreciation/Gratitude. The PartnershipProvider also has Appreciation/Gratitude, but since the speaker is the patient, it should be under PartnershipPatient. \n\nThe salutation sub-code is for greetings, but \"many thanks\" is a closing gratitude, so it's not a salutation. The next sentence is \"Person3 (Person2's wife)\" which might be a sign-off, but the current sentence is the gratitude part. \n\nSo the code here is PartnershipPatient, sub-code Appreciation/Gratitude, and the span is \"many thanks.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"many thanks\"}]}"
] |
19 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: This should ok, please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan and that you want him to have it a LOCATION.\n Next sentence: Person1\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\", \"Span\": \"This should ok\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"please call\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"have it a LOCATION\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "SharedDecisionPatient", "Sub-code": "ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement", "Span": "This should ok"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Generalinformation", "Span": "please call"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan"}, {"Code": "InfoGiveSDOH", "Sub-code": "HealthCareAccessAndQuality", "Span": "have it a LOCATION"}]} | {
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"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Radiation had scheduled 5 days of treatment for next week, that I will be doing.\n Current sentence: May we get the bone infusion appointments set back up?\n Next sentence: Also, my pain has increased in the past couple of days.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"SeekingApproval\", \"Span\": \"May we get the bone infusion appointments set back up?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: We had switched to this because the first painkiller was a different OxyContin.\n Current sentence: I can tell you which one it was, but it was horrible .\n Next sentence: This specific medication was prescribed to replace that on MM/DD/YYYY and no side effect other than constipation if I take for more than three days.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"expressOpinions\", \"Span\": \"I can tell you which one it was, but it was horrible\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: This should ok, please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan and that you want him to have it a LOCATION.\n Next sentence: Person1\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a provider, so I need to focus on codes related to providers. The current sentence is: \"This should ok, please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan and that you want him to have it a LOCATION.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is just \"Person1,\" which might be a name or placeholder.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The provider is instructing the patient to call a number and inform someone about a PET scan prescription. The key here is the action the patient needs to take—calling and providing specific information. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive might be relevant because the provider is giving instructions. The sub-code for instructions under InfoGive is \"Instruction,\" which fits because they're telling the patient what steps to take. \n\nAnother angle: the provider is coordinating care by directing the patient to contact a specific place for a medical procedure. That could fall under \"carecoordination\" as a sub-code under InfoGive. But the main action here is giving an instruction, so \"Instruction\" seems more precise. \n\nAlso, checking if there's any partnership aspect. The provider is maintaining communication by telling the patient to follow up, which might relate to PartnershipProvider's \"maintainCommunication\" sub-code. But the primary intent is giving an instruction, so maybe that's secondary. \n\nThe sentence isn't seeking information, so InfoSeek isn't applicable. SharedDecision codes don't fit here because there's no discussion about options or decisions. Socioemotional aspects like empathy or gratitude aren't present here. \n\nSo the main code is InfoGive with the sub-code Instruction. The span would be \"please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan and that you want him to have it a LOCATION.\" But the minimal span should be the core instruction. Maybe \"please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know...\" but the exact span needs to capture the instruction part. Alternatively, the entire sentence is the instruction, but the minimal span might be \"please call...\" up to the action. However, the exact wording in the sentence is the instruction. \n\nWait, the exact instruction is \"please call...\" so the span would be the entire sentence except the \"This should ok\" part? Hmm. \"This should ok\" might be a typo, maybe \"This should be ok\" or \"This is okay.\" Assuming it's a minor phrase, the main instruction is the rest. But the minimal span should be the part that's the instruction. So \"please call...\" to the end. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan and that you want him to have it a LOCATION.\" is the full instruction. Since the code is InfoGive with subcode Instruction, that's the span. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. So the final result should be the InfoGive/Instruction pair with the entire instruction as the span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan and that you want him to have it a LOCATION.\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a provider, so I need to focus on codes related to providers. The current sentence is: \"This should ok, please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan and that you want him to have it a LOCATION.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is just \"Person1,\" which might be a name or placeholder.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The provider is instructing the patient to call a number and inform someone about a PET scan prescription. The key here is the action the patient needs to take—calling and providing specific information. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive might be relevant because the provider is giving instructions. The sub-code for instructions under InfoGive is \"Instruction,\" which fits because they're telling the patient what steps to take. \n\nAnother angle: the provider is coordinating care by directing the patient to contact a specific place for a medical procedure. That could fall under \"carecoordination\" as a sub-code under InfoGive. But the main action here is giving an instruction, so \"Instruction\" seems more precise. \n\nAlso, checking if there's any partnership aspect. The provider is maintaining communication by telling the patient to follow up, which might relate to PartnershipProvider's \"maintainCommunication\" sub-code. But the primary intent is giving an instruction, so maybe that's secondary. \n\nThe sentence isn't seeking information, so InfoSeek isn't applicable. SharedDecision codes don't fit here because there's no discussion about options or decisions. Socioemotional aspects like empathy or gratitude aren't present here. \n\nSo the main code is InfoGive with the sub-code Instruction. The span would be \"please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan and that you want him to have it a LOCATION.\" But the minimal span should be the core instruction. Maybe \"please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know...\" but the exact span needs to capture the instruction part. Alternatively, the entire sentence is the instruction, but the minimal span might be \"please call...\" up to the action. However, the exact wording in the sentence is the instruction. \n\nWait, the exact instruction is \"please call...\" so the span would be the entire sentence except the \"This should ok\" part? Hmm. \"This should ok\" might be a typo, maybe \"This should be ok\" or \"This is okay.\" Assuming it's a minor phrase, the main instruction is the rest. But the minimal span should be the part that's the instruction. So \"please call...\" to the end. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan and that you want him to have it a LOCATION.\" is the full instruction. Since the code is InfoGive with subcode Instruction, that's the span. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. So the final result should be the InfoGive/Instruction pair with the entire instruction as the span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan and that you want him to have it a LOCATION.\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 9b686fb03c0521aa7e2b1f5f4c35823b1c544b160846327510a0aed7c362df39 | d7c2b3b169ac92ff1c7a067d8d0602b3e202726e29b0f949f5bd01b8cf7b73a5 | a81e9c35bb0abc4d92bbf1411151de993629e8abeb2c93f41faf762acf780c95 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\", \"Span\": \"This should ok\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"please call\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"have it a LOCATION\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a provider, so I need to focus on codes related to providers. The current sentence is: \"This should ok, please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan and that you want him to have it a LOCATION.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is just \"Person1,\" which might be a name or placeholder.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The provider is instructing the patient to call a number and inform someone about a PET scan prescription. The key here is the action the patient needs to take—calling and providing specific information. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive might be relevant because the provider is giving instructions. The sub-code for instructions under InfoGive is \"Instruction,\" which fits because they're telling the patient what steps to take. \n\nAnother angle: the provider is coordinating care by directing the patient to contact a specific place for a medical procedure. That could fall under \"carecoordination\" as a sub-code under InfoGive. But the main action here is giving an instruction, so \"Instruction\" seems more precise. \n\nAlso, checking if there's any partnership aspect. The provider is maintaining communication by telling the patient to follow up, which might relate to PartnershipProvider's \"maintainCommunication\" sub-code. But the primary intent is giving an instruction, so maybe that's secondary. \n\nThe sentence isn't seeking information, so InfoSeek isn't applicable. SharedDecision codes don't fit here because there's no discussion about options or decisions. Socioemotional aspects like empathy or gratitude aren't present here. \n\nSo the main code is InfoGive with the sub-code Instruction. The span would be \"please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan and that you want him to have it a LOCATION.\" But the minimal span should be the core instruction. Maybe \"please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know...\" but the exact span needs to capture the instruction part. Alternatively, the entire sentence is the instruction, but the minimal span might be \"please call...\" up to the action. However, the exact wording in the sentence is the instruction. \n\nWait, the exact instruction is \"please call...\" so the span would be the entire sentence except the \"This should ok\" part? Hmm. \"This should ok\" might be a typo, maybe \"This should be ok\" or \"This is okay.\" Assuming it's a minor phrase, the main instruction is the rest. But the minimal span should be the part that's the instruction. So \"please call...\" to the end. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan and that you want him to have it a LOCATION.\" is the full instruction. Since the code is InfoGive with subcode Instruction, that's the span. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. So the final result should be the InfoGive/Instruction pair with the entire instruction as the span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"please call XXX-XXX-XXXX and let them know that you have a prescription for a PET scan and that you want him to have it a LOCATION.\"}]}"
] |
20 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: 1)Eric had an appt w Dr. Person1.\n Next sentence: Dr. Person2 said he would order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels for Person3 MM/DD/YYYY (orders are not posted).\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"had an appt w\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "had an appt w"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Talked to Dr Person2 and thinks w e should switch the antibiotic.\n Current sentence: Will check with micro lab on estimated reporting out time.\n Next sentence: If not going to be today we can start you on a different antibiotic.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"Will check with micro lab on estimated reporting out time\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Dr Person1 a couple questions for insurance.\n Next sentence: 1 is my cancer considered to be in remission?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeekSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"a couple questions for insurance\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: 1)Eric had an appt w Dr. Person1.\n Next sentence: Dr. Person2 said he would order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels for Person3 MM/DD/YYYY (orders are not posted).\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
"until": [
"JSON_END"
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"1)Eric had an appt w Dr. Person1.\" and the patient said it. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions Dr. Person2 ordering blood tests.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is listing appointments and medical actions. The current sentence is about Eric having an appointment with Dr. Person1. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive might be relevant here because it's about providing information. The sub-code SchedulingAppt fits since it's about an appointment. The span would be \"had an appt w Dr. Person1\".\n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient. The mention of an appointment could be part of care coordination, but the sub-code for InfoGive's SchedulingAppt seems more direct. \n\nChecking other codes like InfoSeekSDOH or Socioemotional/Empathy don't fit here. The sentence is straightforward about an appointment, so sticking with InfoGive and SchedulingAppt makes sense. \n\nNo other sub-codes under InfoGive seem applicable here. The span is clear and specific. I don't see multiple codes here, just one. So the final result should be the InfoGive code with SchedulingAppt sub-code and the corresponding span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"had an appt w Dr. Person1\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"1)Eric had an appt w Dr. Person1.\" and the patient said it. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions Dr. Person2 ordering blood tests.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is listing appointments and medical actions. The current sentence is about Eric having an appointment with Dr. Person1. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive might be relevant here because it's about providing information. The sub-code SchedulingAppt fits since it's about an appointment. The span would be \"had an appt w Dr. Person1\".\n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient. The mention of an appointment could be part of care coordination, but the sub-code for InfoGive's SchedulingAppt seems more direct. \n\nChecking other codes like InfoSeekSDOH or Socioemotional/Empathy don't fit here. The sentence is straightforward about an appointment, so sticking with InfoGive and SchedulingAppt makes sense. \n\nNo other sub-codes under InfoGive seem applicable here. The span is clear and specific. I don't see multiple codes here, just one. So the final result should be the InfoGive code with SchedulingAppt sub-code and the corresponding span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"had an appt w Dr. Person1\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 7b7aa0bc80d43d61e755526ed00c0ccc5004d24ecaec980960075bc2729387a6 | ae50e48250ba017c5eaa42d2a18d03b3e9a07a8cb41457447ef323bba6805090 | 844dfae134fa3386200a414b79b7680fb9133229b68aeb1ac952e6400bda6de4 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"had an appt w\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"1)Eric had an appt w Dr. Person1.\" and the patient said it. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions Dr. Person2 ordering blood tests.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is listing appointments and medical actions. The current sentence is about Eric having an appointment with Dr. Person1. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive might be relevant here because it's about providing information. The sub-code SchedulingAppt fits since it's about an appointment. The span would be \"had an appt w Dr. Person1\".\n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient. The mention of an appointment could be part of care coordination, but the sub-code for InfoGive's SchedulingAppt seems more direct. \n\nChecking other codes like InfoSeekSDOH or Socioemotional/Empathy don't fit here. The sentence is straightforward about an appointment, so sticking with InfoGive and SchedulingAppt makes sense. \n\nNo other sub-codes under InfoGive seem applicable here. The span is clear and specific. I don't see multiple codes here, just one. So the final result should be the InfoGive code with SchedulingAppt sub-code and the corresponding span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"had an appt w Dr. Person1\"}]}"
] |
21 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: 1)Eric had an appt w Dr. Person1.\n Current sentence: Dr. Person2 said he would order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels for Person3 MM/DD/YYYY (orders are not posted).\n Next sentence: 2)Also that your office will send CT scan and report (MM/DD/YYYY, ordered by Dr. Person4) to Dr. Person5 (MSKCC tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX, fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX).\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"he would order blood tests\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Diagnostics", "Span": "he would order blood tests"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi Person1 - 1) Since you are currently on active treatment, your cancer isn't in remission; it is being controlled by the treatment.\n Current sentence: 2) You can either upload the form to mychart and send it to us as an attachment or can fax it to us at XXX-XXX-XXXX.\n Next sentence: Please note that the turn aro und time is about 7-10 business days to complete paperwork.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"2) You can either upload the form to mychart and send it to us as an attachment or can fax it to us at XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: There is an order in place\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"There is an order in place\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: 1)Eric had an appt w Dr. Person1.\n Current sentence: Dr. Person2 said he would order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels for Person3 MM/DD/YYYY (orders are not posted).\n Next sentence: 2)Also that your office will send CT scan and report (MM/DD/YYYY, ordered by Dr. Person4) to Dr. Person5 (MSKCC tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX, fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX).\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"Dr. Person2 said he would order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels for Person3 MM/DD/YYYY (orders are not posted).\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions an appointment with Dr. Person1, and the next sentence talks about sending a CT scan to another doctor. The current sentence is about Dr. Person2 ordering blood tests for Person3, but notes that the orders aren't posted yet.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, I should check which ones fit. The main action here is the provider (Dr. Person2) giving information about ordering tests. That sounds like InfoGive, which is about providing guidance or directions. The subcode for InfoGive could be Diagnostics since it's about identifying a medical condition through tests. The span here would be \"order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels\" because that's the specific diagnostic action.\n\nAnother part is the parenthetical note \"(orders are not posted).\" This might relate to InfoGive's Generalinformation subcode because it's administrative info about the status of the orders. So the span here is \"orders are not posted.\"\n\nWait, but let me check the definitions again. InfoGive's Diagnostics subcode is about identifying a disease through tests, which fits the blood tests mentioned. The \"orders are not posted\" part is more about the administrative status, so Generalinformation makes sense there. \n\nAre there any other codes? The Partnership codes involve collaboration or building trust, but this sentence is more about informing about tests and their status. SharedDecision codes involve decision-making, which isn't the focus here. Socioemotional/Empathy isn't present here either. \n\nSo the two pairs would be:\n1. InfoGive - Diagnostics: \"order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels\"\n2. InfoGive - Generalinformation: \"orders are not posted\"\n\nI need to make sure these subcodes are under InfoGive. Yes, Diagnostics and Generalinformation are listed under InfoGive's subcodes. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence talks about sending a CT scan, but that's in the next sentence, so we don't consider that here. The current sentence's main points are the order of blood tests and the note about the orders not being posted yet.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"orders are not posted\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"Dr. Person2 said he would order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels for Person3 MM/DD/YYYY (orders are not posted).\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions an appointment with Dr. Person1, and the next sentence talks about sending a CT scan to another doctor. The current sentence is about Dr. Person2 ordering blood tests for Person3, but notes that the orders aren't posted yet.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, I should check which ones fit. The main action here is the provider (Dr. Person2) giving information about ordering tests. That sounds like InfoGive, which is about providing guidance or directions. The subcode for InfoGive could be Diagnostics since it's about identifying a medical condition through tests. The span here would be \"order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels\" because that's the specific diagnostic action.\n\nAnother part is the parenthetical note \"(orders are not posted).\" This might relate to InfoGive's Generalinformation subcode because it's administrative info about the status of the orders. So the span here is \"orders are not posted.\"\n\nWait, but let me check the definitions again. InfoGive's Diagnostics subcode is about identifying a disease through tests, which fits the blood tests mentioned. The \"orders are not posted\" part is more about the administrative status, so Generalinformation makes sense there. \n\nAre there any other codes? The Partnership codes involve collaboration or building trust, but this sentence is more about informing about tests and their status. SharedDecision codes involve decision-making, which isn't the focus here. Socioemotional/Empathy isn't present here either. \n\nSo the two pairs would be:\n1. InfoGive - Diagnostics: \"order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels\"\n2. InfoGive - Generalinformation: \"orders are not posted\"\n\nI need to make sure these subcodes are under InfoGive. Yes, Diagnostics and Generalinformation are listed under InfoGive's subcodes. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence talks about sending a CT scan, but that's in the next sentence, so we don't consider that here. The current sentence's main points are the order of blood tests and the note about the orders not being posted yet.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"orders are not posted\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 47da794b390eca34021ad9368ad8bf309e5e8378bba541a73722efefba712cfb | 31993f7dfbd53318155d7502c018f402d75b674680b425c5d7dc27ca677c3a49 | 2614ff4ebb9ab9f5aa9c683b32bc911b254d7acdd3a4ec17cc31c346753a28a8 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"he would order blood tests\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"Dr. Person2 said he would order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels for Person3 MM/DD/YYYY (orders are not posted).\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions an appointment with Dr. Person1, and the next sentence talks about sending a CT scan to another doctor. The current sentence is about Dr. Person2 ordering blood tests for Person3, but notes that the orders aren't posted yet.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, I should check which ones fit. The main action here is the provider (Dr. Person2) giving information about ordering tests. That sounds like InfoGive, which is about providing guidance or directions. The subcode for InfoGive could be Diagnostics since it's about identifying a medical condition through tests. The span here would be \"order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels\" because that's the specific diagnostic action.\n\nAnother part is the parenthetical note \"(orders are not posted).\" This might relate to InfoGive's Generalinformation subcode because it's administrative info about the status of the orders. So the span here is \"orders are not posted.\"\n\nWait, but let me check the definitions again. InfoGive's Diagnostics subcode is about identifying a disease through tests, which fits the blood tests mentioned. The \"orders are not posted\" part is more about the administrative status, so Generalinformation makes sense there. \n\nAre there any other codes? The Partnership codes involve collaboration or building trust, but this sentence is more about informing about tests and their status. SharedDecision codes involve decision-making, which isn't the focus here. Socioemotional/Empathy isn't present here either. \n\nSo the two pairs would be:\n1. InfoGive - Diagnostics: \"order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels\"\n2. InfoGive - Generalinformation: \"orders are not posted\"\n\nI need to make sure these subcodes are under InfoGive. Yes, Diagnostics and Generalinformation are listed under InfoGive's subcodes. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence talks about sending a CT scan, but that's in the next sentence, so we don't consider that here. The current sentence's main points are the order of blood tests and the note about the orders not being posted yet.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"orders are not posted\"}]}"
] |
22 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Dr. Person2 said he would order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels for Person3 MM/DD/YYYY (orders are not posted).\n Current sentence: 2)Also that your office will send CT scan and report (MM/DD/YYYY, ordered by Dr. Person4) to Dr. Person5 (MSKCC tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX, fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX).\n Next sentence: 3)Dr. Person6 said he would be speaking w Drs.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"send CT scan and report\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Diagnostics", "Span": "send CT scan and report"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Dr. Person1, there has been a throwup bug going through my family.\n Current sentence: Yesterday i was out in the sun most the day, and last night i got diarrhea and was throwing up.\n Next sentence: My whole body aches, and i believe i have a fever.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Yesterday i was out in the sun most the day\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"last night i got diarrhea and was throwing up\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I like to reschedule the cat and bone scans and I prefer going to a Org3 facility if that possible.\n Current sentence: Who do I contact to schedule?\n Next sentence: Thanks!\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Who do I contact to schedule?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Dr. Person2 said he would order blood tests to trace elements of tumor @ L5 / iliac vessels for Person3 MM/DD/YYYY (orders are not posted).\n Current sentence: 2)Also that your office will send CT scan and report (MM/DD/YYYY, ordered by Dr. Person4) to Dr. Person5 (MSKCC tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX, fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX).\n Next sentence: 3)Dr. Person6 said he would be speaking w Drs.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is part of a patient's message, and I need to analyze it according to the given instructions. \n\nFirst, I'll look at the previous and next sentences to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions Dr. Person2 ordering blood tests for a tumor, and the next sentence talks about Dr. Person6 coordinating with other doctors. The current sentence is numbered \"2)\" and discusses sending a CT scan and report to Dr. Person5, including contact info.\n\nThe main elements here are the mention of sending a CT scan report, specifying the date and the doctor who ordered it, and providing contact details. This seems related to care coordination because it's about transferring medical information between providers. \n\nLooking at the codes, \"InfoGive\" has a subcode \"carecoordination\" which fits here since the patient is informing about the transfer of medical records. The span here would be \"your office will send CT scan and report (MM/DD/YYYY, ordered by Dr. Person4) to Dr. Person5\".\n\nAdditionally, the sentence includes contact details (tel and fax numbers). That might fall under \"Generalinformation\" under the \"InfoGive\" code, as it's administrative info. The span for that would be \"tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX, fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX\".\n\nWait, but the contact info is part of the instruction to send the report. Maybe it's part of the care coordination. Alternatively, the contact details could be part of the general information. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nThe \"carecoordination\" subcode is about organizing healthcare services, so the act of sending the report is coordination. The contact info is part of how to do that, so it's included in the same span. Alternatively, the contact details might be separate under Generalinformation. Hmm.\n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is about informing the office to send the report, so the main action is care coordination. The contact info is part of the details needed for that coordination. So the entire span about sending the report includes both the action and the contact info. \n\nTherefore, the main code here is \"InfoGive\" with subcode \"carecoordination\" for the entire action. The contact details are part of that coordination. \n\nAnother angle: The sentence is providing information about the steps taken (sending the report), so it's InfoGive. The subcode \"carecoordination\" fits. The span would be the whole part about sending the CT scan and report, including the contact info. \n\nAdditionally, the mention of the date and the doctor who ordered it might relate to diagnostics, but since the focus is on transferring the report between providers, it's more about coordination. \n\nSo the final code-subcode pairs would be:\n\n- InfoGive with carecoordination for the main action of sending the report.\n- InfoGive with Generalinformation for the contact details (tel and fax). \n\nWait, but the contact info is part of the instruction to send to Dr. Person5. The Generalinformation subcode is for administrative info not directly related to medical treatment. The contact details are part of the administrative logistics for sending the report, so that's Generalinformation. \n\nTherefore, two spans:\n\n1. \"your office will send CT scan and report (MM/DD/YYYY, ordered by Dr. Person4) to Dr. Person5\" → InfoGive-carecoordination\n2. \"tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX, fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX\" → InfoGive-Generalinformation\n\nAlternatively, maybe the entire sentence is one span under carecoordination, but the instructions say to extract minimal spans. The contact info is a separate part. \n\nYes, splitting them makes sense. The first part is about the action of sending, the second part provides the contact details as general info. \n\nSo the JSON should have two entries with those spans and codes.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"your office will send CT scan and report (MM/DD/YYYY, ordered by Dr. Person4) to Dr. Person5\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX, fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}]}"
]
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is part of a patient's message, and I need to analyze it according to the given instructions. \n\nFirst, I'll look at the previous and next sentences to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions Dr. Person2 ordering blood tests for a tumor, and the next sentence talks about Dr. Person6 coordinating with other doctors. The current sentence is numbered \"2)\" and discusses sending a CT scan and report to Dr. Person5, including contact info.\n\nThe main elements here are the mention of sending a CT scan report, specifying the date and the doctor who ordered it, and providing contact details. This seems related to care coordination because it's about transferring medical information between providers. \n\nLooking at the codes, \"InfoGive\" has a subcode \"carecoordination\" which fits here since the patient is informing about the transfer of medical records. The span here would be \"your office will send CT scan and report (MM/DD/YYYY, ordered by Dr. Person4) to Dr. Person5\".\n\nAdditionally, the sentence includes contact details (tel and fax numbers). That might fall under \"Generalinformation\" under the \"InfoGive\" code, as it's administrative info. The span for that would be \"tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX, fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX\".\n\nWait, but the contact info is part of the instruction to send the report. Maybe it's part of the care coordination. Alternatively, the contact details could be part of the general information. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nThe \"carecoordination\" subcode is about organizing healthcare services, so the act of sending the report is coordination. The contact info is part of how to do that, so it's included in the same span. Alternatively, the contact details might be separate under Generalinformation. Hmm.\n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is about informing the office to send the report, so the main action is care coordination. The contact info is part of the details needed for that coordination. So the entire span about sending the report includes both the action and the contact info. \n\nTherefore, the main code here is \"InfoGive\" with subcode \"carecoordination\" for the entire action. The contact details are part of that coordination. \n\nAnother angle: The sentence is providing information about the steps taken (sending the report), so it's InfoGive. The subcode \"carecoordination\" fits. The span would be the whole part about sending the CT scan and report, including the contact info. \n\nAdditionally, the mention of the date and the doctor who ordered it might relate to diagnostics, but since the focus is on transferring the report between providers, it's more about coordination. \n\nSo the final code-subcode pairs would be:\n\n- InfoGive with carecoordination for the main action of sending the report.\n- InfoGive with Generalinformation for the contact details (tel and fax). \n\nWait, but the contact info is part of the instruction to send to Dr. Person5. The Generalinformation subcode is for administrative info not directly related to medical treatment. The contact details are part of the administrative logistics for sending the report, so that's Generalinformation. \n\nTherefore, two spans:\n\n1. \"your office will send CT scan and report (MM/DD/YYYY, ordered by Dr. Person4) to Dr. Person5\" → InfoGive-carecoordination\n2. \"tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX, fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX\" → InfoGive-Generalinformation\n\nAlternatively, maybe the entire sentence is one span under carecoordination, but the instructions say to extract minimal spans. The contact info is a separate part. \n\nYes, splitting them makes sense. The first part is about the action of sending, the second part provides the contact details as general info. \n\nSo the JSON should have two entries with those spans and codes.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"your office will send CT scan and report (MM/DD/YYYY, ordered by Dr. Person4) to Dr. Person5\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX, fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | d216530129b9f9caadea9b19ed88233e93163d11e8d8bde7ae2cda4b6cc4b130 | fd126e05bcd36e42bb220fbc3db1f2c2a97bcbfc98a4658c20802f394cbb8ba2 | 78a47b1cb8d45f3d0c145dc1e95300d98d920d28c6505030c25429ea42dc64af | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"send CT scan and report\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is part of a patient's message, and I need to analyze it according to the given instructions. \n\nFirst, I'll look at the previous and next sentences to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions Dr. Person2 ordering blood tests for a tumor, and the next sentence talks about Dr. Person6 coordinating with other doctors. The current sentence is numbered \"2)\" and discusses sending a CT scan and report to Dr. Person5, including contact info.\n\nThe main elements here are the mention of sending a CT scan report, specifying the date and the doctor who ordered it, and providing contact details. This seems related to care coordination because it's about transferring medical information between providers. \n\nLooking at the codes, \"InfoGive\" has a subcode \"carecoordination\" which fits here since the patient is informing about the transfer of medical records. The span here would be \"your office will send CT scan and report (MM/DD/YYYY, ordered by Dr. Person4) to Dr. Person5\".\n\nAdditionally, the sentence includes contact details (tel and fax numbers). That might fall under \"Generalinformation\" under the \"InfoGive\" code, as it's administrative info. The span for that would be \"tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX, fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX\".\n\nWait, but the contact info is part of the instruction to send the report. Maybe it's part of the care coordination. Alternatively, the contact details could be part of the general information. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nThe \"carecoordination\" subcode is about organizing healthcare services, so the act of sending the report is coordination. The contact info is part of how to do that, so it's included in the same span. Alternatively, the contact details might be separate under Generalinformation. Hmm.\n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is about informing the office to send the report, so the main action is care coordination. The contact info is part of the details needed for that coordination. So the entire span about sending the report includes both the action and the contact info. \n\nTherefore, the main code here is \"InfoGive\" with subcode \"carecoordination\" for the entire action. The contact details are part of that coordination. \n\nAnother angle: The sentence is providing information about the steps taken (sending the report), so it's InfoGive. The subcode \"carecoordination\" fits. The span would be the whole part about sending the CT scan and report, including the contact info. \n\nAdditionally, the mention of the date and the doctor who ordered it might relate to diagnostics, but since the focus is on transferring the report between providers, it's more about coordination. \n\nSo the final code-subcode pairs would be:\n\n- InfoGive with carecoordination for the main action of sending the report.\n- InfoGive with Generalinformation for the contact details (tel and fax). \n\nWait, but the contact info is part of the instruction to send to Dr. Person5. The Generalinformation subcode is for administrative info not directly related to medical treatment. The contact details are part of the administrative logistics for sending the report, so that's Generalinformation. \n\nTherefore, two spans:\n\n1. \"your office will send CT scan and report (MM/DD/YYYY, ordered by Dr. Person4) to Dr. Person5\" → InfoGive-carecoordination\n2. \"tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX, fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX\" → InfoGive-Generalinformation\n\nAlternatively, maybe the entire sentence is one span under carecoordination, but the instructions say to extract minimal spans. The contact info is a separate part. \n\nYes, splitting them makes sense. The first part is about the action of sending, the second part provides the contact details as general info. \n\nSo the JSON should have two entries with those spans and codes.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"your office will send CT scan and report (MM/DD/YYYY, ordered by Dr. Person4) to Dr. Person5\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX, fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}]}"
] |
23 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: 2)Also that your office will send CT scan and report (MM/DD/YYYY, ordered by Dr. Person4) to Dr. Person5 (MSKCC tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX, fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX).\n Current sentence: 3)Dr. Person6 said he would be speaking w Drs.\n Next sentence: Person5 and Person7 (tel: 203-4222-7250) re Person8.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"speaking w\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "carecoordination", "Span": "speaking w"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: You're very welcome.\n Next sentence: I also think she put in an order for an ECHO because she said you haven't had one in a while.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \"You're very welcome\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi Person1, Patients on PI3 kinase inhibitors like Person2 can get a type of pneumonia called PCP pneumonia.\n Current sentence: Bactrim is an antibiotic given to prevent this.\n Next sentence: It is taken as one tablet on MM/DD/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Bactrim is an antibiotic given to prevent this\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: 2)Also that your office will send CT scan and report (MM/DD/YYYY, ordered by Dr. Person4) to Dr. Person5 (MSKCC tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX, fax: XXX-XXX-XXXX).\n Current sentence: 3)Dr. Person6 said he would be speaking w Drs.\n Next sentence: Person5 and Person7 (tel: 203-4222-7250) re Person8.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The task is to analyze the current sentence from the patient's message and identify the relevant Code-Subcode pairs along with the corresponding spans. \n\nFirst, the input is from the patient, so we should focus on codes related to patient communication. The current sentence is: \"3)Dr. Person6 said he would be speaking w Drs.\" The previous sentence mentions sending a CT scan report to Dr. Person5, and the next sentence talks about Dr. Person6 speaking with Drs. Person5 and Person7 regarding Person8.\n\nStarting with understanding the context. The patient is listing points (numbered 2 and 3), discussing coordination between doctors. The current sentence is point 3, indicating that Dr. Person6 will communicate with other doctors. \n\nNow, looking at the codes. Since this is about coordination between healthcare providers, the relevant code might be InfoGive or InfoSeek, but since it's about care coordination, let's check the subcodes. \n\nLooking at Code: InfoGive, Subcode: carecoordination. The definition mentions organizing healthcare services to meet patient needs. The sentence here is about a doctor speaking with others, which is part of care coordination. \n\nAlternatively, could it be PartnershipPatient? The subcodes there include active participation or state preferences, but the sentence is more about the provider's actions. \n\nAnother possibility is InfoSeek, but since the patient is informing about the coordination, it's more giving information rather than seeking. \n\nSo the best fit is InfoGive with Subcode carecoordination. The span here would be \"Dr. Person6 said he would be speaking w Drs.\" \n\nWait, but the sentence starts with \"3)\" which is part of the numbering. The instruction says to extract the minimal span. So maybe \"Dr. Person6 said he would be speaking w Drs.\" excluding the number. \n\nAlso, check if there's another code. The mention of speaking with doctors is about coordination, so that's the main point. \n\nNo other subcodes seem to fit here. The sentence isn't about drugs, symptoms, or scheduling. So the only pair is InfoGive and carecoordination.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person6 said he would be speaking w Drs\"}]}"
]
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The task is to analyze the current sentence from the patient's message and identify the relevant Code-Subcode pairs along with the corresponding spans. \n\nFirst, the input is from the patient, so we should focus on codes related to patient communication. The current sentence is: \"3)Dr. Person6 said he would be speaking w Drs.\" The previous sentence mentions sending a CT scan report to Dr. Person5, and the next sentence talks about Dr. Person6 speaking with Drs. Person5 and Person7 regarding Person8.\n\nStarting with understanding the context. The patient is listing points (numbered 2 and 3), discussing coordination between doctors. The current sentence is point 3, indicating that Dr. Person6 will communicate with other doctors. \n\nNow, looking at the codes. Since this is about coordination between healthcare providers, the relevant code might be InfoGive or InfoSeek, but since it's about care coordination, let's check the subcodes. \n\nLooking at Code: InfoGive, Subcode: carecoordination. The definition mentions organizing healthcare services to meet patient needs. The sentence here is about a doctor speaking with others, which is part of care coordination. \n\nAlternatively, could it be PartnershipPatient? The subcodes there include active participation or state preferences, but the sentence is more about the provider's actions. \n\nAnother possibility is InfoSeek, but since the patient is informing about the coordination, it's more giving information rather than seeking. \n\nSo the best fit is InfoGive with Subcode carecoordination. The span here would be \"Dr. Person6 said he would be speaking w Drs.\" \n\nWait, but the sentence starts with \"3)\" which is part of the numbering. The instruction says to extract the minimal span. So maybe \"Dr. Person6 said he would be speaking w Drs.\" excluding the number. \n\nAlso, check if there's another code. The mention of speaking with doctors is about coordination, so that's the main point. \n\nNo other subcodes seem to fit here. The sentence isn't about drugs, symptoms, or scheduling. So the only pair is InfoGive and carecoordination.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person6 said he would be speaking w Drs\"}]}"
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"evaluate_eppc"
] | 8908e5854b69742c1a9746c94808c6faf8896d46b75262c81ebab0c1d9332c3f | 360a073e1285ea2d14e16f50b01e4ee68602c66189eb207e26f3ac54b6385b52 | 59726998e7ca5295f153824ec2f2c125c68f40e746270c871c42b14abdfd7ec1 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"speaking w\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The task is to analyze the current sentence from the patient's message and identify the relevant Code-Subcode pairs along with the corresponding spans. \n\nFirst, the input is from the patient, so we should focus on codes related to patient communication. The current sentence is: \"3)Dr. Person6 said he would be speaking w Drs.\" The previous sentence mentions sending a CT scan report to Dr. Person5, and the next sentence talks about Dr. Person6 speaking with Drs. Person5 and Person7 regarding Person8.\n\nStarting with understanding the context. The patient is listing points (numbered 2 and 3), discussing coordination between doctors. The current sentence is point 3, indicating that Dr. Person6 will communicate with other doctors. \n\nNow, looking at the codes. Since this is about coordination between healthcare providers, the relevant code might be InfoGive or InfoSeek, but since it's about care coordination, let's check the subcodes. \n\nLooking at Code: InfoGive, Subcode: carecoordination. The definition mentions organizing healthcare services to meet patient needs. The sentence here is about a doctor speaking with others, which is part of care coordination. \n\nAlternatively, could it be PartnershipPatient? The subcodes there include active participation or state preferences, but the sentence is more about the provider's actions. \n\nAnother possibility is InfoSeek, but since the patient is informing about the coordination, it's more giving information rather than seeking. \n\nSo the best fit is InfoGive with Subcode carecoordination. The span here would be \"Dr. Person6 said he would be speaking w Drs.\" \n\nWait, but the sentence starts with \"3)\" which is part of the numbering. The instruction says to extract the minimal span. So maybe \"Dr. Person6 said he would be speaking w Drs.\" excluding the number. \n\nAlso, check if there's another code. The mention of speaking with doctors is about coordination, so that's the main point. \n\nNo other subcodes seem to fit here. The sentence isn't about drugs, symptoms, or scheduling. So the only pair is InfoGive and carecoordination.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person6 said he would be speaking w Drs\"}]}"
] |
24 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: .\n Current sentence: I am standing by for next instructions.\n Next sentence: 4) Dr. Person6 said he would have office pursue pre-authoriazation with Cigna med ins for Eliquis DVT- PE treatment packs 5 mg tabs.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"I am standing by for next instructions\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoSeek", "Sub-code": "Generalinformation", "Span": "I am standing by for next instructions"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person1.\n Next sentence: Sure, you can wait until MM/DD/YYYY, but if for some reason you have any adverse side effects or extreme fatigue, you should get the lab work 2 weeks after.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Got it.\n Next sentence: I'm having the Infusion scheduler call you to get you an appt on NP8\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Alignment\", \"Span\": \"Got it\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: .\n Current sentence: I am standing by for next instructions.\n Next sentence: 4) Dr. Person6 said he would have office pursue pre-authoriazation with Cigna med ins for Eliquis DVT- PE treatment packs 5 mg tabs.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
"until": [
"JSON_END"
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"do_sample": false,
"temperature": 0,
"max_gen_toks": 1024
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"I am standing by for next instructions.\" The patient said this. The previous sentence is a period, so maybe it's the start of a new message or just a separator. The next sentence mentions Dr. Person6 pursuing pre-authorization for a medication.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is indicating they're waiting for further instructions. The next sentence talks about a doctor handling insurance pre-authorization, which relates to care coordination.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive involves providing guidance. The patient's statement might be seeking information or indicating they're ready for the next steps. But since the patient is the one speaking, maybe it's under PartnershipPatient. Let's check the subcodes.\n\nPartnershipPatient has subcodes like activeParticipation/involvement, statePreferences, or alignment. \"Standing by for next instructions\" shows the patient is actively involved and waiting, so maybe activeParticipation. Alternatively, it could be seeking instructions, which might fall under InfoSeek. \n\nWait, InfoSeek is about seeking knowledge. The patient is waiting for instructions, so that's a request for information. The subcodes for InfoSeek include SchedulingAppt, Drugs, etc. But \"next instructions\" is general. The closest might be Generalinformation. \n\nAlternatively, since the next sentence is about care coordination (pre-authorization), maybe the current sentence is part of that process. The patient's statement could be indicating they're ready for the next steps in care coordination. \n\nLooking at InfoGive's subcodes, carecoordination is a subcode under InfoGive. If the provider is giving instructions, but here the patient is saying they're waiting, maybe it's the patient's part in care coordination. \n\nAlternatively, under PartnershipPatient, the subcode \"activeParticipation/involvement\" fits because the patient is showing they're engaged and waiting for the next steps. \n\nAnother angle: \"standing by for next instructions\" could be a form of alignment, confirming they're ready as per the provider's plan. But alignment is a subcode under both Partnership codes. For PartnershipPatient, alignment is confirming they're on the same page. \n\nHmm. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nPartnershipPatient's activeParticipation/involvement is when the patient is engaged in their care, providing info, setting priorities, etc. Here, the patient is indicating they're ready for next steps, which shows active involvement. \n\nAlternatively, the sentence could be seen as seeking instructions, so under InfoSeek's Generalinformation subcode. \n\nBut the next sentence is about the doctor handling pre-authorization, so the patient's statement is part of the process. The patient is showing they're ready, which is active participation. \n\nSo the code would be PartnershipPatient with subcode activeParticipation/involvement, and the span is \"standing by for next instructions\". \n\nWait, but the exact span needs to be minimal. The phrase \"standing by for next instructions\" is the core. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"next instructions\" is part of care coordination. But the main action here is the patient's readiness. \n\nAnother possibility: under PartnershipProvider's subcode \"maintainCommunication\" since the provider might be keeping the patient informed, but the patient is the one speaking here. \n\nNo, since it's the patient's message, it's under PartnershipPatient. \n\nSo the final answer would be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"standing by for next instructions\"}]}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"standing by for next instructions\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"I am standing by for next instructions.\" The patient said this. The previous sentence is a period, so maybe it's the start of a new message or just a separator. The next sentence mentions Dr. Person6 pursuing pre-authorization for a medication.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is indicating they're waiting for further instructions. The next sentence talks about a doctor handling insurance pre-authorization, which relates to care coordination.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive involves providing guidance. The patient's statement might be seeking information or indicating they're ready for the next steps. But since the patient is the one speaking, maybe it's under PartnershipPatient. Let's check the subcodes.\n\nPartnershipPatient has subcodes like activeParticipation/involvement, statePreferences, or alignment. \"Standing by for next instructions\" shows the patient is actively involved and waiting, so maybe activeParticipation. Alternatively, it could be seeking instructions, which might fall under InfoSeek. \n\nWait, InfoSeek is about seeking knowledge. The patient is waiting for instructions, so that's a request for information. The subcodes for InfoSeek include SchedulingAppt, Drugs, etc. But \"next instructions\" is general. The closest might be Generalinformation. \n\nAlternatively, since the next sentence is about care coordination (pre-authorization), maybe the current sentence is part of that process. The patient's statement could be indicating they're ready for the next steps in care coordination. \n\nLooking at InfoGive's subcodes, carecoordination is a subcode under InfoGive. If the provider is giving instructions, but here the patient is saying they're waiting, maybe it's the patient's part in care coordination. \n\nAlternatively, under PartnershipPatient, the subcode \"activeParticipation/involvement\" fits because the patient is showing they're engaged and waiting for the next steps. \n\nAnother angle: \"standing by for next instructions\" could be a form of alignment, confirming they're ready as per the provider's plan. But alignment is a subcode under both Partnership codes. For PartnershipPatient, alignment is confirming they're on the same page. \n\nHmm. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nPartnershipPatient's activeParticipation/involvement is when the patient is engaged in their care, providing info, setting priorities, etc. Here, the patient is indicating they're ready for next steps, which shows active involvement. \n\nAlternatively, the sentence could be seen as seeking instructions, so under InfoSeek's Generalinformation subcode. \n\nBut the next sentence is about the doctor handling pre-authorization, so the patient's statement is part of the process. The patient is showing they're ready, which is active participation. \n\nSo the code would be PartnershipPatient with subcode activeParticipation/involvement, and the span is \"standing by for next instructions\". \n\nWait, but the exact span needs to be minimal. The phrase \"standing by for next instructions\" is the core. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"next instructions\" is part of care coordination. But the main action here is the patient's readiness. \n\nAnother possibility: under PartnershipProvider's subcode \"maintainCommunication\" since the provider might be keeping the patient informed, but the patient is the one speaking here. \n\nNo, since it's the patient's message, it's under PartnershipPatient. \n\nSo the final answer would be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"standing by for next instructions\"}]}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"standing by for next instructions\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 5eb583216eef81ccb7a1281d905ffae6cccb7b0c71e49f53383dbd18605f1ca1 | d6ae8c8368c94a5263b9d5b15662d812e35340600884b5706b6af6542a625c02 | 524ef509563bfb8036803d5f636ca539242f77bd7cc21c87418caa11ee69d4f5 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"I am standing by for next instructions\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"I am standing by for next instructions.\" The patient said this. The previous sentence is a period, so maybe it's the start of a new message or just a separator. The next sentence mentions Dr. Person6 pursuing pre-authorization for a medication.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is indicating they're waiting for further instructions. The next sentence talks about a doctor handling insurance pre-authorization, which relates to care coordination.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive involves providing guidance. The patient's statement might be seeking information or indicating they're ready for the next steps. But since the patient is the one speaking, maybe it's under PartnershipPatient. Let's check the subcodes.\n\nPartnershipPatient has subcodes like activeParticipation/involvement, statePreferences, or alignment. \"Standing by for next instructions\" shows the patient is actively involved and waiting, so maybe activeParticipation. Alternatively, it could be seeking instructions, which might fall under InfoSeek. \n\nWait, InfoSeek is about seeking knowledge. The patient is waiting for instructions, so that's a request for information. The subcodes for InfoSeek include SchedulingAppt, Drugs, etc. But \"next instructions\" is general. The closest might be Generalinformation. \n\nAlternatively, since the next sentence is about care coordination (pre-authorization), maybe the current sentence is part of that process. The patient's statement could be indicating they're ready for the next steps in care coordination. \n\nLooking at InfoGive's subcodes, carecoordination is a subcode under InfoGive. If the provider is giving instructions, but here the patient is saying they're waiting, maybe it's the patient's part in care coordination. \n\nAlternatively, under PartnershipPatient, the subcode \"activeParticipation/involvement\" fits because the patient is showing they're engaged and waiting for the next steps. \n\nAnother angle: \"standing by for next instructions\" could be a form of alignment, confirming they're ready as per the provider's plan. But alignment is a subcode under both Partnership codes. For PartnershipPatient, alignment is confirming they're on the same page. \n\nHmm. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nPartnershipPatient's activeParticipation/involvement is when the patient is engaged in their care, providing info, setting priorities, etc. Here, the patient is indicating they're ready for next steps, which shows active involvement. \n\nAlternatively, the sentence could be seen as seeking instructions, so under InfoSeek's Generalinformation subcode. \n\nBut the next sentence is about the doctor handling pre-authorization, so the patient's statement is part of the process. The patient is showing they're ready, which is active participation. \n\nSo the code would be PartnershipPatient with subcode activeParticipation/involvement, and the span is \"standing by for next instructions\". \n\nWait, but the exact span needs to be minimal. The phrase \"standing by for next instructions\" is the core. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"next instructions\" is part of care coordination. But the main action here is the patient's readiness. \n\nAnother possibility: under PartnershipProvider's subcode \"maintainCommunication\" since the provider might be keeping the patient informed, but the patient is the one speaking here. \n\nNo, since it's the patient's message, it's under PartnershipPatient. \n\nSo the final answer would be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"standing by for next instructions\"}]}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"standing by for next instructions\"}]}"
] |
25 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I am standing by for next instructions.\n Current sentence: 4) Dr. Person6 said he would have office pursue pre-authoriazation with Cigna med ins for Eliquis DVT- PE treatment packs 5 mg tabs.\n Next sentence: Person3 has a temp over-ride from Cigna so he could start the medication.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"he would have office pursue pre-authoriazation\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGiveSDOH", "Sub-code": "HealthCareAccessAndQuality", "Span": "he would have office pursue pre-authoriazation"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person1, Can see how Org got involved, but do see the script was received by org yesterday.\n Next sentence: Give them a call.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"Can see how Org got involved, but do see the script was received by org yesterday\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Just signed it off! You should be all set.\n Current sentence: Have a happy healthy new year, Person1\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \"Have a happy healthy new year\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I am standing by for next instructions.\n Current sentence: 4) Dr. Person6 said he would have office pursue pre-authoriazation with Cigna med ins for Eliquis DVT- PE treatment packs 5 mg tabs.\n Next sentence: Person3 has a temp over-ride from Cigna so he could start the medication.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the patient and says: \"4) Dr. Person6 said he would have office pursue pre-authoriazation with Cigna med ins for Eliquis DVT- PE treatment packs 5 mg tabs.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions the patient is waiting for next instructions, and the next sentence talks about a temporary override from Cigna allowing the medication to start. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, it's about Dr. Person6 arranging pre-authorization with an insurance company (Cigna) for a specific medication (Eliquis) used in treating DVT-PE. \n\nNow, identifying the codes. The main topic here is about getting approval from insurance, which relates to healthcare access and quality. The Code InfoGiveSDOH has a sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality, which includes insurance. The sentence mentions the process of getting pre-authorization, which is part of accessing necessary health services through insurance. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, specifically under carecoordination, since it's about coordinating care through pre-authorization. But the mention of insurance and pre-authorization specifically points more towards the SDOH aspect. \n\nThe sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH fits because it's about insurance and accessing treatments. The span here would be \"pre-authoriazation with Cigna med ins for Eliquis DVT- PE treatment packs 5 mg tabs.\" \n\nI should check if there's another code. The sentence is providing information about a process, so maybe InfoGive's carecoordination? But the key here is the insurance part, which is part of HealthCareAccessAndQuality in SDOH. \n\nNo other codes seem to fit better. The Partnership codes don't apply here since it's not about building a relationship. SharedDecision or Socioemotional aren't relevant here. \n\nSo the correct code is InfoGiveSDOH with sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span is the part about pre-authorization and insurance.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"pre-authoriazation with Cigna med ins for Eliquis DVT- PE treatment packs 5 mg tabs\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the patient and says: \"4) Dr. Person6 said he would have office pursue pre-authoriazation with Cigna med ins for Eliquis DVT- PE treatment packs 5 mg tabs.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions the patient is waiting for next instructions, and the next sentence talks about a temporary override from Cigna allowing the medication to start. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, it's about Dr. Person6 arranging pre-authorization with an insurance company (Cigna) for a specific medication (Eliquis) used in treating DVT-PE. \n\nNow, identifying the codes. The main topic here is about getting approval from insurance, which relates to healthcare access and quality. The Code InfoGiveSDOH has a sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality, which includes insurance. The sentence mentions the process of getting pre-authorization, which is part of accessing necessary health services through insurance. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, specifically under carecoordination, since it's about coordinating care through pre-authorization. But the mention of insurance and pre-authorization specifically points more towards the SDOH aspect. \n\nThe sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH fits because it's about insurance and accessing treatments. The span here would be \"pre-authoriazation with Cigna med ins for Eliquis DVT- PE treatment packs 5 mg tabs.\" \n\nI should check if there's another code. The sentence is providing information about a process, so maybe InfoGive's carecoordination? But the key here is the insurance part, which is part of HealthCareAccessAndQuality in SDOH. \n\nNo other codes seem to fit better. The Partnership codes don't apply here since it's not about building a relationship. SharedDecision or Socioemotional aren't relevant here. \n\nSo the correct code is InfoGiveSDOH with sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span is the part about pre-authorization and insurance.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"pre-authoriazation with Cigna med ins for Eliquis DVT- PE treatment packs 5 mg tabs\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 150a5d3a27cc7d4cdec951a692d0c66686bdc514705d1a31015de9fb0b60a108 | 66a94929e8afa2f6467742d184b5537afbac186a56971facafdb88d79dc69bcb | 1e8c521f717e5422b21272b8e7134a9f216bc51b3006ab333cf3351a8468ad4f | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"he would have office pursue pre-authoriazation\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the patient and says: \"4) Dr. Person6 said he would have office pursue pre-authoriazation with Cigna med ins for Eliquis DVT- PE treatment packs 5 mg tabs.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions the patient is waiting for next instructions, and the next sentence talks about a temporary override from Cigna allowing the medication to start. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, it's about Dr. Person6 arranging pre-authorization with an insurance company (Cigna) for a specific medication (Eliquis) used in treating DVT-PE. \n\nNow, identifying the codes. The main topic here is about getting approval from insurance, which relates to healthcare access and quality. The Code InfoGiveSDOH has a sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality, which includes insurance. The sentence mentions the process of getting pre-authorization, which is part of accessing necessary health services through insurance. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, specifically under carecoordination, since it's about coordinating care through pre-authorization. But the mention of insurance and pre-authorization specifically points more towards the SDOH aspect. \n\nThe sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH fits because it's about insurance and accessing treatments. The span here would be \"pre-authoriazation with Cigna med ins for Eliquis DVT- PE treatment packs 5 mg tabs.\" \n\nI should check if there's another code. The sentence is providing information about a process, so maybe InfoGive's carecoordination? But the key here is the insurance part, which is part of HealthCareAccessAndQuality in SDOH. \n\nNo other codes seem to fit better. The Partnership codes don't apply here since it's not about building a relationship. SharedDecision or Socioemotional aren't relevant here. \n\nSo the correct code is InfoGiveSDOH with sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span is the part about pre-authorization and insurance.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"pre-authoriazation with Cigna med ins for Eliquis DVT- PE treatment packs 5 mg tabs\"}]}"
] |
26 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Pre-auth can be done at: covermymeds.com - or - by tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX.\n Current sentence: Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: 5)FYI - Per Drs.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Refill needed\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "Refill needed"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: What area of the body are these?\n Current sentence: Dr. Person1 had seen the ones on his left upper leg... lets see what Dr. Person2 thinks.\n Next sentence: Thank you Person3\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person1 had seen the ones on his left upper leg...\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"lets see what Dr. Person2 thinks\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Thank you Person1.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Pre-auth can be done at: covermymeds.com - or - by tel: XXX-XXX-XXXX.\n Current sentence: Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: 5)FYI - Per Drs.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient's message, and I need to analyze the current sentence to identify the appropriate codes and sub-codes based on the provided definitions. \n\nFirst, the current sentence is \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence mentions pre-authorization details, and the next sentence refers to a doctor's note. \n\nStarting with understanding the current sentence. The key part here is \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY.\" This seems to be about scheduling a medication refill on a specific date. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive and InfoSeek are possibilities. Since the patient is providing information about needing a refill, InfoGive might be the right code here. InfoGive's sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times related to appointments. Even though this is a refill, the date is a scheduling element. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under InfoGive's \"carecoordination\"? Carecoordination involves organizing healthcare services. But the mention of a specific date for a refill leans more towards scheduling. \n\nChecking the sub-codes again: SchedulingAppt is explicitly about dates and times for seeing a provider. However, a medication refill might not be an appointment but a request. Wait, the definition of SchedulingAppt includes \"Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider.\" But a refill might be part of medication management. Hmm, maybe the Drugs sub-code under InfoGive? \n\nWait, the sentence is about needing a refill on a specific date. The Drugs sub-code is about substances used for treatment. But the key here is the date. Let me recheck the sub-codes. \n\nLooking at InfoGive's sub-codes: Symptoms, SchedulingAppt, Diagnostics, Instruction, Drugs, Generalinformation, carecoordination, Prognosis. \n\nThe mention of a date for a refill might fall under SchedulingAppt, even if it's not an appointment. Alternatively, maybe it's under carecoordination because it's about coordinating the refill process. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under InfoSeek? If the patient is seeking information about how to get the refill, but the current sentence is stating a need, so it's more giving info. \n\nSo, the best fit is InfoGive with the SchedulingAppt sub-code. The span would be \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY\" but the minimal span should be the core part. The key elements are \"Refill needed\" and the date. The exact sub-code SchedulingAppt requires dates and times related to seeing a provider. Since this is a refill date, maybe it's still under SchedulingAppt. \n\nAlternatively, if the refill is part of medication management, maybe the Drugs sub-code? The Drugs sub-code is about substances, but the action here is scheduling a refill. \n\nAlternatively, the Prognosis sub-code? No, that's about the disease's progression. \n\nHmm, perhaps the best fit is SchedulingAppt because it's about the timing. Even though it's a refill, the date is a scheduling element. \n\nTherefore, the code is InfoGive with sub-code SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY.\" But the minimal span should be the part that directly relates to the sub-code. The phrase \"in MM/DD/YYYY\" specifies the date, so maybe the span is \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY\" but perhaps the entire phrase is necessary. \n\nAlternatively, the key part is \"Refill needed\" with the date, so the entire sentence is the minimal span. \n\nAnother angle: The previous sentence was about pre-authorization for medications, so the current sentence is the patient informing that a refill is needed on a specific date. This is providing information (InfoGive) about scheduling the refill, so SchedulingAppt is appropriate. \n\nTherefore, the result should be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
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"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient's message, and I need to analyze the current sentence to identify the appropriate codes and sub-codes based on the provided definitions. \n\nFirst, the current sentence is \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence mentions pre-authorization details, and the next sentence refers to a doctor's note. \n\nStarting with understanding the current sentence. The key part here is \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY.\" This seems to be about scheduling a medication refill on a specific date. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive and InfoSeek are possibilities. Since the patient is providing information about needing a refill, InfoGive might be the right code here. InfoGive's sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times related to appointments. Even though this is a refill, the date is a scheduling element. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under InfoGive's \"carecoordination\"? Carecoordination involves organizing healthcare services. But the mention of a specific date for a refill leans more towards scheduling. \n\nChecking the sub-codes again: SchedulingAppt is explicitly about dates and times for seeing a provider. However, a medication refill might not be an appointment but a request. Wait, the definition of SchedulingAppt includes \"Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider.\" But a refill might be part of medication management. Hmm, maybe the Drugs sub-code under InfoGive? \n\nWait, the sentence is about needing a refill on a specific date. The Drugs sub-code is about substances used for treatment. But the key here is the date. Let me recheck the sub-codes. \n\nLooking at InfoGive's sub-codes: Symptoms, SchedulingAppt, Diagnostics, Instruction, Drugs, Generalinformation, carecoordination, Prognosis. \n\nThe mention of a date for a refill might fall under SchedulingAppt, even if it's not an appointment. Alternatively, maybe it's under carecoordination because it's about coordinating the refill process. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under InfoSeek? If the patient is seeking information about how to get the refill, but the current sentence is stating a need, so it's more giving info. \n\nSo, the best fit is InfoGive with the SchedulingAppt sub-code. The span would be \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY\" but the minimal span should be the core part. The key elements are \"Refill needed\" and the date. The exact sub-code SchedulingAppt requires dates and times related to seeing a provider. Since this is a refill date, maybe it's still under SchedulingAppt. \n\nAlternatively, if the refill is part of medication management, maybe the Drugs sub-code? The Drugs sub-code is about substances, but the action here is scheduling a refill. \n\nAlternatively, the Prognosis sub-code? No, that's about the disease's progression. \n\nHmm, perhaps the best fit is SchedulingAppt because it's about the timing. Even though it's a refill, the date is a scheduling element. \n\nTherefore, the code is InfoGive with sub-code SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY.\" But the minimal span should be the part that directly relates to the sub-code. The phrase \"in MM/DD/YYYY\" specifies the date, so maybe the span is \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY\" but perhaps the entire phrase is necessary. \n\nAlternatively, the key part is \"Refill needed\" with the date, so the entire sentence is the minimal span. \n\nAnother angle: The previous sentence was about pre-authorization for medications, so the current sentence is the patient informing that a refill is needed on a specific date. This is providing information (InfoGive) about scheduling the refill, so SchedulingAppt is appropriate. \n\nTherefore, the result should be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 5515e9c5cba5e66fe929aa8c6d28e8f0d3a344fd7a30b9b442606bfbd0091abc | e2d0b689fc35931655545923b2174760dfd2fa04e9b2961a12154780b6421b32 | 1d889c206e144097254b8920304afb1ef38367b90e2b09e7d08df39765047cfa | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Refill needed\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient's message, and I need to analyze the current sentence to identify the appropriate codes and sub-codes based on the provided definitions. \n\nFirst, the current sentence is \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence mentions pre-authorization details, and the next sentence refers to a doctor's note. \n\nStarting with understanding the current sentence. The key part here is \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY.\" This seems to be about scheduling a medication refill on a specific date. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive and InfoSeek are possibilities. Since the patient is providing information about needing a refill, InfoGive might be the right code here. InfoGive's sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times related to appointments. Even though this is a refill, the date is a scheduling element. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under InfoGive's \"carecoordination\"? Carecoordination involves organizing healthcare services. But the mention of a specific date for a refill leans more towards scheduling. \n\nChecking the sub-codes again: SchedulingAppt is explicitly about dates and times for seeing a provider. However, a medication refill might not be an appointment but a request. Wait, the definition of SchedulingAppt includes \"Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider.\" But a refill might be part of medication management. Hmm, maybe the Drugs sub-code under InfoGive? \n\nWait, the sentence is about needing a refill on a specific date. The Drugs sub-code is about substances used for treatment. But the key here is the date. Let me recheck the sub-codes. \n\nLooking at InfoGive's sub-codes: Symptoms, SchedulingAppt, Diagnostics, Instruction, Drugs, Generalinformation, carecoordination, Prognosis. \n\nThe mention of a date for a refill might fall under SchedulingAppt, even if it's not an appointment. Alternatively, maybe it's under carecoordination because it's about coordinating the refill process. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under InfoSeek? If the patient is seeking information about how to get the refill, but the current sentence is stating a need, so it's more giving info. \n\nSo, the best fit is InfoGive with the SchedulingAppt sub-code. The span would be \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY\" but the minimal span should be the core part. The key elements are \"Refill needed\" and the date. The exact sub-code SchedulingAppt requires dates and times related to seeing a provider. Since this is a refill date, maybe it's still under SchedulingAppt. \n\nAlternatively, if the refill is part of medication management, maybe the Drugs sub-code? The Drugs sub-code is about substances, but the action here is scheduling a refill. \n\nAlternatively, the Prognosis sub-code? No, that's about the disease's progression. \n\nHmm, perhaps the best fit is SchedulingAppt because it's about the timing. Even though it's a refill, the date is a scheduling element. \n\nTherefore, the code is InfoGive with sub-code SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY.\" But the minimal span should be the part that directly relates to the sub-code. The phrase \"in MM/DD/YYYY\" specifies the date, so maybe the span is \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY\" but perhaps the entire phrase is necessary. \n\nAlternatively, the key part is \"Refill needed\" with the date, so the entire sentence is the minimal span. \n\nAnother angle: The previous sentence was about pre-authorization for medications, so the current sentence is the patient informing that a refill is needed on a specific date. This is providing information (InfoGive) about scheduling the refill, so SchedulingAppt is appropriate. \n\nTherefore, the result should be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Refill needed in MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
] |
27 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: 5)FYI - Per Drs.\n Current sentence: Person9 and Person6, Person3 did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel) MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: MM/DD/YYYY, sig pain returned.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"did not take Oxycontin\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "did not take Oxycontin"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: If ok we number is XXX-XXX-XXXX Person2Let me know .\n Current sentence: Thank you, Person3\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Ok is he feeling up to coming in tomorrow?\n Current sentence: If not- Dr. Person1 is happy to give him time to recover and reschedule from there...\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"ShareOptions\", \"Span\": \"If not- Dr. Person1 is happy to give him time to recover and reschedule from there...\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: 5)FYI - Per Drs.\n Current sentence: Person9 and Person6, Person3 did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel) MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: MM/DD/YYYY, sig pain returned.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and we need to analyze the current sentence along with the previous and next sentences. \n\nFirst, the previous sentence is \"5)FYI - Per Drs.\" which seems like a note from the doctors. The current sentence is \"Person9 and Person6, Person3 did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel) MM/DD/YYYY.\" and the next sentence is \"MM/DD/YYYY, sig pain returned.\"\n\nStarting with the current sentence. The main points here are that Person3 didn't take a specific medication (Oxycontin) on a certain date. The next sentence mentions that pain returned on the same date. \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the key here is the patient providing information about not taking medication, which relates to symptoms or medication adherence. \n\nThe Code InfoGive has a subcode \"Drugs\" which refers to substances used for medical conditions. Since the patient is reporting not taking Oxycontin, that's about a drug. The span here would be \"did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel)\".\n\nAdditionally, the next sentence mentions \"sig pain returned,\" which is a symptom. However, the current sentence's focus is on the medication not being taken. The InfoGive code's \"Drugs\" subcode fits here. \n\nIs there another code? Maybe InfoSeek? But the patient is giving info, not seeking it. Partnership codes? The sentence is factual, not about building trust or collaboration. SharedDecision? No, since it's just reporting an action. Socioemotional? Not really, unless there's an emotional aspect, but the sentence is neutral. \n\nSo the main Code is InfoGive with Subcode Drugs. The span is the part about not taking the medication. \n\nWait, the exact span should be minimal. The key phrase is \"did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel)\". That's the action related to the drug. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence's pain is a symptom, but that's in the next sentence, so we can't include that. \n\nTherefore, the result should be InfoGive with Drugs subcode, span \"did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel)\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel)\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and we need to analyze the current sentence along with the previous and next sentences. \n\nFirst, the previous sentence is \"5)FYI - Per Drs.\" which seems like a note from the doctors. The current sentence is \"Person9 and Person6, Person3 did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel) MM/DD/YYYY.\" and the next sentence is \"MM/DD/YYYY, sig pain returned.\"\n\nStarting with the current sentence. The main points here are that Person3 didn't take a specific medication (Oxycontin) on a certain date. The next sentence mentions that pain returned on the same date. \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the key here is the patient providing information about not taking medication, which relates to symptoms or medication adherence. \n\nThe Code InfoGive has a subcode \"Drugs\" which refers to substances used for medical conditions. Since the patient is reporting not taking Oxycontin, that's about a drug. The span here would be \"did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel)\".\n\nAdditionally, the next sentence mentions \"sig pain returned,\" which is a symptom. However, the current sentence's focus is on the medication not being taken. The InfoGive code's \"Drugs\" subcode fits here. \n\nIs there another code? Maybe InfoSeek? But the patient is giving info, not seeking it. Partnership codes? The sentence is factual, not about building trust or collaboration. SharedDecision? No, since it's just reporting an action. Socioemotional? Not really, unless there's an emotional aspect, but the sentence is neutral. \n\nSo the main Code is InfoGive with Subcode Drugs. The span is the part about not taking the medication. \n\nWait, the exact span should be minimal. The key phrase is \"did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel)\". That's the action related to the drug. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence's pain is a symptom, but that's in the next sentence, so we can't include that. \n\nTherefore, the result should be InfoGive with Drugs subcode, span \"did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel)\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel)\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | a71aaf3c6c535baa232dcf2d46d51bbf00ee5d1c970dc35242b80b02e94f55bf | eee7682438c16fb8a7e4f179b65e43f088b8bd0a6308cfd963621009ae844abd | efd307ec275b8f61c4ab6ac67fa934e856d6c170e11502fe075b150dcaa52d28 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"did not take Oxycontin\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and we need to analyze the current sentence along with the previous and next sentences. \n\nFirst, the previous sentence is \"5)FYI - Per Drs.\" which seems like a note from the doctors. The current sentence is \"Person9 and Person6, Person3 did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel) MM/DD/YYYY.\" and the next sentence is \"MM/DD/YYYY, sig pain returned.\"\n\nStarting with the current sentence. The main points here are that Person3 didn't take a specific medication (Oxycontin) on a certain date. The next sentence mentions that pain returned on the same date. \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the key here is the patient providing information about not taking medication, which relates to symptoms or medication adherence. \n\nThe Code InfoGive has a subcode \"Drugs\" which refers to substances used for medical conditions. Since the patient is reporting not taking Oxycontin, that's about a drug. The span here would be \"did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel)\".\n\nAdditionally, the next sentence mentions \"sig pain returned,\" which is a symptom. However, the current sentence's focus is on the medication not being taken. The InfoGive code's \"Drugs\" subcode fits here. \n\nIs there another code? Maybe InfoSeek? But the patient is giving info, not seeking it. Partnership codes? The sentence is factual, not about building trust or collaboration. SharedDecision? No, since it's just reporting an action. Socioemotional? Not really, unless there's an emotional aspect, but the sentence is neutral. \n\nSo the main Code is InfoGive with Subcode Drugs. The span is the part about not taking the medication. \n\nWait, the exact span should be minimal. The key phrase is \"did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel)\". That's the action related to the drug. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence's pain is a symptom, but that's in the next sentence, so we can't include that. \n\nTherefore, the result should be InfoGive with Drugs subcode, span \"did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel)\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel)\"}]}"
] |
28 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person9 and Person6, Person3 did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel) MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: MM/DD/YYYY, sig pain returned.\n Next sentence: Person3 resumed Oxy 10 mg ER MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY later Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"pain returned\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Symptoms", "Span": "pain returned"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: First in am or last appointment of day after 4 pm I am working.\n Next sentence: Thank you\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"statePreferences\", \"Span\": \"First in am or last appointment of day after 4 pm\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"EconomicStability\", \"Span\": \"I am working\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi Person1, The referral was placed to Org3 Digestive disease.\n Current sentence: Their number is XXX-XXX-XXXX.\n Next sentence: I would give them a week to review your case and then call you for an appt.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Their number is\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person9 and Person6, Person3 did not take Oxycontin 10 mg (Extended Rel) MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: MM/DD/YYYY, sig pain returned.\n Next sentence: Person3 resumed Oxy 10 mg ER MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY later Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"MM/DD/YYYY, sig pain returned.\" with the previous and next sentences related to medication and pain.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions that Person3 didn't take Oxycontin on a certain date. The current sentence states that on another date, significant pain returned. The next sentence says they resumed a different dosage. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing information to assist in understanding a situation. The current sentence is reporting a symptom (pain returning), so that would fall under Symptoms under InfoGive. The span here is \"sig pain returned.\"\n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek, but since the patient is providing information rather than seeking it, InfoGive is more appropriate. The sub-code Symptoms fits because it's about the patient's subjective experience of pain. \n\nNo other codes seem relevant here. Partnership codes involve collaboration or preferences, which aren't mentioned. SharedDecision or Socioemotional elements aren't present in this sentence. \n\nSo the correct code-subcode pair is InfoGive with Symptoms, and the span is \"sig pain returned.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"sig pain returned\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"MM/DD/YYYY, sig pain returned.\" with the previous and next sentences related to medication and pain.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions that Person3 didn't take Oxycontin on a certain date. The current sentence states that on another date, significant pain returned. The next sentence says they resumed a different dosage. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing information to assist in understanding a situation. The current sentence is reporting a symptom (pain returning), so that would fall under Symptoms under InfoGive. The span here is \"sig pain returned.\"\n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek, but since the patient is providing information rather than seeking it, InfoGive is more appropriate. The sub-code Symptoms fits because it's about the patient's subjective experience of pain. \n\nNo other codes seem relevant here. Partnership codes involve collaboration or preferences, which aren't mentioned. SharedDecision or Socioemotional elements aren't present in this sentence. \n\nSo the correct code-subcode pair is InfoGive with Symptoms, and the span is \"sig pain returned.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"sig pain returned\"}]}"
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] | a34f0029c0595fd785343dba9bc076ac11c2ad972d82e3d1ed22896487a26dba | 4493da90158c340bda9cd9e9f84bb4fecf1b87b41d548197b955d8af15f767a7 | 7da5be14bfc19064236d4b91f8d58800faab51ead6c0ecaf820849f9a131bbeb | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"pain returned\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"MM/DD/YYYY, sig pain returned.\" with the previous and next sentences related to medication and pain.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions that Person3 didn't take Oxycontin on a certain date. The current sentence states that on another date, significant pain returned. The next sentence says they resumed a different dosage. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing information to assist in understanding a situation. The current sentence is reporting a symptom (pain returning), so that would fall under Symptoms under InfoGive. The span here is \"sig pain returned.\"\n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek, but since the patient is providing information rather than seeking it, InfoGive is more appropriate. The sub-code Symptoms fits because it's about the patient's subjective experience of pain. \n\nNo other codes seem relevant here. Partnership codes involve collaboration or preferences, which aren't mentioned. SharedDecision or Socioemotional elements aren't present in this sentence. \n\nSo the correct code-subcode pair is InfoGive with Symptoms, and the span is \"sig pain returned.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"sig pain returned\"}]}"
] |
29 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: MM/DD/YYYY, sig pain returned.\n Current sentence: Person3 resumed Oxy 10 mg ER MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY later Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\n Next sentence: He is resting, reclined for relief.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"resumed Oxy\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "resumed Oxy"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hello Person1, Could you please cancel my PET and CT scans ordered by Dr. Person2 for this week.\n Next sentence: I starting radiation therapy tomorrow.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Could you please cancel my PET and CT scans ordered by Dr. Person2 for this week\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: The best number to reach me is at the breast center XXX-XXX-XXXX.\n Current sentence: If I am here then the secretaries can transfer th e call to my phone or take a message.\n Next sentence: My work phone does not have a voicemail on it and I am only here MM/DD/YYYY, MM/DD/YYYY and MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"If I am here then the secretaries can transfer th e call to my phone or take a message\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: MM/DD/YYYY, sig pain returned.\n Current sentence: Person3 resumed Oxy 10 mg ER MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY later Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\n Next sentence: He is resting, reclined for relief.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Person3 resumed Oxy 10 mg ER MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY later Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\" The previous sentence mentions pain returning on a specific date, and the next sentence says he's resting and reclined for relief.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about Person3 (maybe themselves or someone else) resuming opioid medications. The dates are included, so that's part of the timeline of medication use. The next sentence talks about resting, so maybe the pain is still an issue.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance or information. The current sentence is giving information about medication usage. The specific drugs mentioned are Oxy (Oxycodone) in different dosages and forms (ER is extended release, rapid release is immediate). \n\nUnder InfoGive's subcodes, \"Drugs\" is the obvious one here because they're talking about specific medications. The span would be \"resumed Oxy 10 mg ER\" and \"Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\" But wait, the entire sentence is about the resumption and change in medication. However, the instruction says to extract minimal spans. So maybe each medication mention is a separate span? Or the whole sentence as a single span under Drugs?\n\nWait, the code InfoGive's subcode \"Drugs\" refers to substances used for medical conditions. The entire sentence is providing information about the drugs taken, so the entire sentence would be the span. But the example in the first input had the entire sentence as the span for \"activeParticipation/involvement\". So maybe here, the entire sentence is the span for \"Drugs\".\n\nAlternatively, maybe \"resumed Oxy 10 mg ER\" and \"Oxy 15 mg rapid release\" are the key phrases. But the instruction says minimal specific spans. Let me check the definitions again. The subcode \"Drugs\" is about substances used to diagnose, treat, etc. So mentioning the drug name and dosage would fit. \n\nAlso, the previous sentence mentions pain returning, so the current sentence is explaining the medication adjustments in response to that pain. That's part of providing information about treatment, so InfoGive-Drugs makes sense. \n\nAre there other codes? Let's see. InfoGive has other subcodes like Symptoms, but the current sentence isn't about symptoms. It's about medication. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek, but the patient is giving info, not seeking it. \n\nPartnershipPatient? Maybe not, unless there's an element of active participation. But the sentence is just stating the medication history, so probably not. \n\nSo the main code here is InfoGive with subcode Drugs. The span would be the entire sentence because it's providing information about the drugs used. \n\nWait, but the next sentence says \"He is resting...\" which is about current status, but the current sentence is about medication. \n\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoGive-Drugs with the entire current sentence as the span. \n\nWait, but the example given in the first input had two pairs. Let me check again. The first example's current sentence had a greeting (Hello) which was PartnershipPatient-salutation and the rest was activeParticipation. Here, the current sentence is purely about medication, so only one pair. \n\nYes, so the final answer should be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person3 resumed Oxy 10 mg ER MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY later Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\"}]}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person3 resumed Oxy 10 mg ER MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY later Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Person3 resumed Oxy 10 mg ER MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY later Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\" The previous sentence mentions pain returning on a specific date, and the next sentence says he's resting and reclined for relief.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about Person3 (maybe themselves or someone else) resuming opioid medications. The dates are included, so that's part of the timeline of medication use. The next sentence talks about resting, so maybe the pain is still an issue.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance or information. The current sentence is giving information about medication usage. The specific drugs mentioned are Oxy (Oxycodone) in different dosages and forms (ER is extended release, rapid release is immediate). \n\nUnder InfoGive's subcodes, \"Drugs\" is the obvious one here because they're talking about specific medications. The span would be \"resumed Oxy 10 mg ER\" and \"Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\" But wait, the entire sentence is about the resumption and change in medication. However, the instruction says to extract minimal spans. So maybe each medication mention is a separate span? Or the whole sentence as a single span under Drugs?\n\nWait, the code InfoGive's subcode \"Drugs\" refers to substances used for medical conditions. The entire sentence is providing information about the drugs taken, so the entire sentence would be the span. But the example in the first input had the entire sentence as the span for \"activeParticipation/involvement\". So maybe here, the entire sentence is the span for \"Drugs\".\n\nAlternatively, maybe \"resumed Oxy 10 mg ER\" and \"Oxy 15 mg rapid release\" are the key phrases. But the instruction says minimal specific spans. Let me check the definitions again. The subcode \"Drugs\" is about substances used to diagnose, treat, etc. So mentioning the drug name and dosage would fit. \n\nAlso, the previous sentence mentions pain returning, so the current sentence is explaining the medication adjustments in response to that pain. That's part of providing information about treatment, so InfoGive-Drugs makes sense. \n\nAre there other codes? Let's see. InfoGive has other subcodes like Symptoms, but the current sentence isn't about symptoms. It's about medication. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek, but the patient is giving info, not seeking it. \n\nPartnershipPatient? Maybe not, unless there's an element of active participation. But the sentence is just stating the medication history, so probably not. \n\nSo the main code here is InfoGive with subcode Drugs. The span would be the entire sentence because it's providing information about the drugs used. \n\nWait, but the next sentence says \"He is resting...\" which is about current status, but the current sentence is about medication. \n\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoGive-Drugs with the entire current sentence as the span. \n\nWait, but the example given in the first input had two pairs. Let me check again. The first example's current sentence had a greeting (Hello) which was PartnershipPatient-salutation and the rest was activeParticipation. Here, the current sentence is purely about medication, so only one pair. \n\nYes, so the final answer should be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person3 resumed Oxy 10 mg ER MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY later Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\"}]}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person3 resumed Oxy 10 mg ER MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY later Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | fbf8a8d237cc2fba0509fa20ef18af85824e668ed7016f379b6f92007b4c0728 | 2cb96b92bf11220953a6092075c5a24fd962dfcb748189bb1687ba6217b01c3d | b57e71a64a2cc6fc42b59e5df18e3289f740815263b661f4c63553705ccd6fa2 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"resumed Oxy\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Person3 resumed Oxy 10 mg ER MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY later Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\" The previous sentence mentions pain returning on a specific date, and the next sentence says he's resting and reclined for relief.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about Person3 (maybe themselves or someone else) resuming opioid medications. The dates are included, so that's part of the timeline of medication use. The next sentence talks about resting, so maybe the pain is still an issue.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance or information. The current sentence is giving information about medication usage. The specific drugs mentioned are Oxy (Oxycodone) in different dosages and forms (ER is extended release, rapid release is immediate). \n\nUnder InfoGive's subcodes, \"Drugs\" is the obvious one here because they're talking about specific medications. The span would be \"resumed Oxy 10 mg ER\" and \"Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\" But wait, the entire sentence is about the resumption and change in medication. However, the instruction says to extract minimal spans. So maybe each medication mention is a separate span? Or the whole sentence as a single span under Drugs?\n\nWait, the code InfoGive's subcode \"Drugs\" refers to substances used for medical conditions. The entire sentence is providing information about the drugs taken, so the entire sentence would be the span. But the example in the first input had the entire sentence as the span for \"activeParticipation/involvement\". So maybe here, the entire sentence is the span for \"Drugs\".\n\nAlternatively, maybe \"resumed Oxy 10 mg ER\" and \"Oxy 15 mg rapid release\" are the key phrases. But the instruction says minimal specific spans. Let me check the definitions again. The subcode \"Drugs\" is about substances used to diagnose, treat, etc. So mentioning the drug name and dosage would fit. \n\nAlso, the previous sentence mentions pain returning, so the current sentence is explaining the medication adjustments in response to that pain. That's part of providing information about treatment, so InfoGive-Drugs makes sense. \n\nAre there other codes? Let's see. InfoGive has other subcodes like Symptoms, but the current sentence isn't about symptoms. It's about medication. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek, but the patient is giving info, not seeking it. \n\nPartnershipPatient? Maybe not, unless there's an element of active participation. But the sentence is just stating the medication history, so probably not. \n\nSo the main code here is InfoGive with subcode Drugs. The span would be the entire sentence because it's providing information about the drugs used. \n\nWait, but the next sentence says \"He is resting...\" which is about current status, but the current sentence is about medication. \n\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoGive-Drugs with the entire current sentence as the span. \n\nWait, but the example given in the first input had two pairs. Let me check again. The first example's current sentence had a greeting (Hello) which was PartnershipPatient-salutation and the rest was activeParticipation. Here, the current sentence is purely about medication, so only one pair. \n\nYes, so the final answer should be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person3 resumed Oxy 10 mg ER MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY later Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\"}]}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person3 resumed Oxy 10 mg ER MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY later Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\"}]}"
] |
30 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person3 resumed Oxy 10 mg ER MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY later Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\n Current sentence: He is resting, reclined for relief.\n Next sentence: 6)FYI - Person3 has appt with Dr. Person10 (radiology) MM/DD/YYYY at MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"He is resting, reclined for relief\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Symptoms", "Span": "He is resting, reclined for relief"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Is my new time of arrival on MM/DD/YYYY 9:20 AM?\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Is my new time of arrival\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi, My insurance will not allow me to opt out of using Org2 pharmacy for the anastrozle.\n Current sentence: I setup for them to ship the medication to me, however, I will not be receiving that refill between 5-10 business days.\n Next sentence: I am going to run out of the pills on MM/DD/YYYY, may I get like a 7 or 10 day supply called into Org2 in Org2?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"I setup for them to ship the medication to me\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"however, I will not be receiving that refill between 5-10 business days\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person3 resumed Oxy 10 mg ER MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY later Oxy 15 mg rapid release.\n Current sentence: He is resting, reclined for relief.\n Next sentence: 6)FYI - Person3 has appt with Dr. Person10 (radiology) MM/DD/YYYY at MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"He is resting, reclined for relief.\" I need to figure out the codes and subcodes here.\n\nFirst, looking at the previous and next sentences. The previous mentions Person3 resuming Oxy (probably Oxycodone) doses, and the next is about an appointment with a radiologist. The current sentence describes the patient's current state: resting, reclined to get relief. \n\nSo, the main point here is about the patient's symptoms or current condition. The key words are \"resting,\" \"reclined,\" and \"relief.\" \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing information to assist in understanding a situation. The subcode Symptoms fits here because the patient is describing their current physical state, which are symptoms. The span here would be \"He is resting, reclined for relief\" as it directly states his condition. \n\nAre there other codes? PartnershipPatient involves active participation, but the sentence is just stating his current state, not an action he's taking. InfoSeek isn't applicable here since he's not seeking info. Socioemotional/Empathy might involve emotions, but \"relief\" here is more about physical comfort than emotional state. \n\nSo the only relevant code is InfoGive with the Symptoms subcode. The span should capture the symptom description. I think that's it.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"He is resting, reclined for relief\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"He is resting, reclined for relief.\" I need to figure out the codes and subcodes here.\n\nFirst, looking at the previous and next sentences. The previous mentions Person3 resuming Oxy (probably Oxycodone) doses, and the next is about an appointment with a radiologist. The current sentence describes the patient's current state: resting, reclined to get relief. \n\nSo, the main point here is about the patient's symptoms or current condition. The key words are \"resting,\" \"reclined,\" and \"relief.\" \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing information to assist in understanding a situation. The subcode Symptoms fits here because the patient is describing their current physical state, which are symptoms. The span here would be \"He is resting, reclined for relief\" as it directly states his condition. \n\nAre there other codes? PartnershipPatient involves active participation, but the sentence is just stating his current state, not an action he's taking. InfoSeek isn't applicable here since he's not seeking info. Socioemotional/Empathy might involve emotions, but \"relief\" here is more about physical comfort than emotional state. \n\nSo the only relevant code is InfoGive with the Symptoms subcode. The span should capture the symptom description. I think that's it.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"He is resting, reclined for relief\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 4fc6c56eaea4cfc78267521f1a94aab129c3c74814544e32c913b104cf0fa5db | 3198e1a8a454982857a325cb58f0f1be51df0cbaf3304aa6e8a46b441a29e90e | 621173ebf20b44f291da25158869f3a061fcce3deefd81dbb4ce1e9ae774d0f7 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"He is resting, reclined for relief\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"He is resting, reclined for relief.\" I need to figure out the codes and subcodes here.\n\nFirst, looking at the previous and next sentences. The previous mentions Person3 resuming Oxy (probably Oxycodone) doses, and the next is about an appointment with a radiologist. The current sentence describes the patient's current state: resting, reclined to get relief. \n\nSo, the main point here is about the patient's symptoms or current condition. The key words are \"resting,\" \"reclined,\" and \"relief.\" \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing information to assist in understanding a situation. The subcode Symptoms fits here because the patient is describing their current physical state, which are symptoms. The span here would be \"He is resting, reclined for relief\" as it directly states his condition. \n\nAre there other codes? PartnershipPatient involves active participation, but the sentence is just stating his current state, not an action he's taking. InfoSeek isn't applicable here since he's not seeking info. Socioemotional/Empathy might involve emotions, but \"relief\" here is more about physical comfort than emotional state. \n\nSo the only relevant code is InfoGive with the Symptoms subcode. The span should capture the symptom description. I think that's it.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"He is resting, reclined for relief\"}]}"
] |
31 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: 6)FYI - Person3 has appt with Dr. Person10 (radiology) MM/DD/YYYY at MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Thank you for your help! Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you for your help!\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "Appreciation/Gratitude", "Span": "Thank you for your help!"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi.\n Next sentence: I am in recovery for back surgery.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Appetite, a bit of a struggle, as expected; digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started MM/DD/YYYY).\n Current sentence: Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\n Next sentence: Other symptoms: quite tired, napping, MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Dr. B recommends Metamucil\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: 6)FYI - Person3 has appt with Dr. Person10 (radiology) MM/DD/YYYY at MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Thank you for your help! Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"JSON_END"
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Thank you for your help! Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\" and the next sentence is None, so this is the closing sentence. \n\nFirst, I need to identify the relevant codes. The sentence starts with \"Thank you,\" which is an expression of gratitude. Looking at the codes, PartnershipPatient has a sub-code called Appreciation/Gratitude. Since the patient is thanking the provider, this fits under PartnershipPatient's Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code. \n\nNext, the part \"Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\" seems to be providing contact information. The name and phone number might be part of general information. Checking the InfoGive code's sub-codes, Generalinformation is a possibility here because it's administrative or logistical info. \n\nWait, but the contact details could also be part of maintaining communication. However, looking at the sub-codes for InfoGive, Generalinformation is listed, so that's the right sub-code. \n\nI should also check if there's any other code. The mention of \"wife\" might relate to social context, but since the main action here is thanking and providing contact info, the primary codes are PartnershipPatient and InfoGive. \n\nNo other elements like symptoms or scheduling are present here. The \"Thank you\" is clearly Appreciation/Gratitude, and the contact info is Generalinformation under InfoGive. \n\nSo the spans would be \"Thank you for your help!\" for Appreciation/Gratitude and \"Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\" for Generalinformation. \n\nWait, but the span for InfoGive should be the minimal part. The contact info itself is the key here. Maybe \"Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\" is the span for Generalinformation. \n\nYes, that makes sense. So the two pairs are:\n\n- PartnershipPatient: Appreciation/Gratitude with \"Thank you for your help!\"\n- InfoGive: Generalinformation with \"Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\"\n\nI need to ensure that the sub-codes are correctly under their codes. Appreciation/Gratitude is indeed a sub-code of PartnershipPatient, and Generalinformation is under InfoGive. \n\nNo other codes apply here. The next sentence is None, so the closing sentence's salutation isn't applicable here since it's a thank you and contact info. \n\nFinal check: The \"Thank you\" is definitely Appreciation/Gratitude. The contact info is general info. So the JSON should have those two entries.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you for your help!\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Thank you for your help! Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\" and the next sentence is None, so this is the closing sentence. \n\nFirst, I need to identify the relevant codes. The sentence starts with \"Thank you,\" which is an expression of gratitude. Looking at the codes, PartnershipPatient has a sub-code called Appreciation/Gratitude. Since the patient is thanking the provider, this fits under PartnershipPatient's Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code. \n\nNext, the part \"Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\" seems to be providing contact information. The name and phone number might be part of general information. Checking the InfoGive code's sub-codes, Generalinformation is a possibility here because it's administrative or logistical info. \n\nWait, but the contact details could also be part of maintaining communication. However, looking at the sub-codes for InfoGive, Generalinformation is listed, so that's the right sub-code. \n\nI should also check if there's any other code. The mention of \"wife\" might relate to social context, but since the main action here is thanking and providing contact info, the primary codes are PartnershipPatient and InfoGive. \n\nNo other elements like symptoms or scheduling are present here. The \"Thank you\" is clearly Appreciation/Gratitude, and the contact info is Generalinformation under InfoGive. \n\nSo the spans would be \"Thank you for your help!\" for Appreciation/Gratitude and \"Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\" for Generalinformation. \n\nWait, but the span for InfoGive should be the minimal part. The contact info itself is the key here. Maybe \"Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\" is the span for Generalinformation. \n\nYes, that makes sense. So the two pairs are:\n\n- PartnershipPatient: Appreciation/Gratitude with \"Thank you for your help!\"\n- InfoGive: Generalinformation with \"Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\"\n\nI need to ensure that the sub-codes are correctly under their codes. Appreciation/Gratitude is indeed a sub-code of PartnershipPatient, and Generalinformation is under InfoGive. \n\nNo other codes apply here. The next sentence is None, so the closing sentence's salutation isn't applicable here since it's a thank you and contact info. \n\nFinal check: The \"Thank you\" is definitely Appreciation/Gratitude. The contact info is general info. So the JSON should have those two entries.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you for your help!\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 01c76e94a4be58413e3bb5225e3575bdde5bc5a37ea78ad393dd8a66210fa8c1 | e27722aa8105b631b1a96c529c53676faedad917ff8747b237f1e2e81383d677 | c00b66e6e8b6655c86658a14572b12601fd8ccd6e4eae52ea5541bd2b8b43ba6 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you for your help!\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Thank you for your help! Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\" and the next sentence is None, so this is the closing sentence. \n\nFirst, I need to identify the relevant codes. The sentence starts with \"Thank you,\" which is an expression of gratitude. Looking at the codes, PartnershipPatient has a sub-code called Appreciation/Gratitude. Since the patient is thanking the provider, this fits under PartnershipPatient's Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code. \n\nNext, the part \"Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\" seems to be providing contact information. The name and phone number might be part of general information. Checking the InfoGive code's sub-codes, Generalinformation is a possibility here because it's administrative or logistical info. \n\nWait, but the contact details could also be part of maintaining communication. However, looking at the sub-codes for InfoGive, Generalinformation is listed, so that's the right sub-code. \n\nI should also check if there's any other code. The mention of \"wife\" might relate to social context, but since the main action here is thanking and providing contact info, the primary codes are PartnershipPatient and InfoGive. \n\nNo other elements like symptoms or scheduling are present here. The \"Thank you\" is clearly Appreciation/Gratitude, and the contact info is Generalinformation under InfoGive. \n\nSo the spans would be \"Thank you for your help!\" for Appreciation/Gratitude and \"Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\" for Generalinformation. \n\nWait, but the span for InfoGive should be the minimal part. The contact info itself is the key here. Maybe \"Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\" is the span for Generalinformation. \n\nYes, that makes sense. So the two pairs are:\n\n- PartnershipPatient: Appreciation/Gratitude with \"Thank you for your help!\"\n- InfoGive: Generalinformation with \"Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\"\n\nI need to ensure that the sub-codes are correctly under their codes. Appreciation/Gratitude is indeed a sub-code of PartnershipPatient, and Generalinformation is under InfoGive. \n\nNo other codes apply here. The next sentence is None, so the closing sentence's salutation isn't applicable here since it's a thank you and contact info. \n\nFinal check: The \"Thank you\" is definitely Appreciation/Gratitude. The contact info is general info. So the JSON should have those two entries.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you for your help!\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Person11 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}]}"
] |
32 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person1, I will look into/start working on this.\n Next sentence: I will let you know once I have more information.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "salutation", "Span": "Hi"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Sure.\n Next sentence: I can draw it.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Alignment\", \"Span\": \"Sure\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: MM/DD/YYYY night, I have one other question.\n Current sentence: After starting how long do I wait or when do I go for my first blood draw for the orders that Dr Person1 already submitted.\n Next sentence: Do I need to make an appointment because I also due to get my port flushed.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"ExploreOptions\", \"Span\": \"After starting how long do I wait or when do I go for my first blood draw for the orders that Dr Person1 already submitted\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person1, I will look into/start working on this.\n Next sentence: I will let you know once I have more information.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Hi Person1, I will look into/start working on this.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is \"I will let you know once I have more information.\"\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. Since the previous sentence is None, the current sentence starts the message. The next sentence indicates that the provider will follow up with more info later. \n\nLooking at the current sentence: \"Hi Person1, I will look into/start working on this.\" The first part is \"Hi Person1,\" which is a greeting. According to the definitions, \"salutation\" under PartnershipProvider refers to greeting someone at the start of a message. Since this is the opening sentence, \"Hi Person1\" fits the salutation Sub-code.\n\nNext, the second part: \"I will look into/start working on this.\" This part shows the provider is committing to taking action. The relevant Code here might be PartnershipProvider, specifically the \"maintainCommunication\" Sub-code, which involves keeping the patient informed and indicating that updates will come later. The provider is assuring the patient they'll handle the issue and follow up, which aligns with maintaining communication.\n\nNow, checking the codes and subcodes. For the greeting part, under PartnershipProvider's Sub-codes, there's \"salutation\" which matches. The action part relates to \"maintainCommunication\" because it's about keeping the patient updated. \n\nI should also check if there are other possible codes. InfoGive or SharedDecision? But the sentence isn't providing information (InfoGive) or discussing treatment options (SharedDecision). It's more about the provider's commitment to follow through, so PartnershipProvider is correct.\n\nSo the two spans are \"Hi Person1\" and \"I will look into/start working on this.\" Each corresponds to different Sub-codes under PartnershipProvider. The first is salutation, the second is maintainCommunication. \n\nWait, but the next sentence is \"I will let you know once I have more information,\" which also relates to maintainCommunication. However, the current sentence's second part is part of that commitment. So yes, both parts of the current sentence fit under PartnershipProvider with their respective Sub-codes.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi Person1\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"I will look into/start working on this\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Hi Person1, I will look into/start working on this.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is \"I will let you know once I have more information.\"\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. Since the previous sentence is None, the current sentence starts the message. The next sentence indicates that the provider will follow up with more info later. \n\nLooking at the current sentence: \"Hi Person1, I will look into/start working on this.\" The first part is \"Hi Person1,\" which is a greeting. According to the definitions, \"salutation\" under PartnershipProvider refers to greeting someone at the start of a message. Since this is the opening sentence, \"Hi Person1\" fits the salutation Sub-code.\n\nNext, the second part: \"I will look into/start working on this.\" This part shows the provider is committing to taking action. The relevant Code here might be PartnershipProvider, specifically the \"maintainCommunication\" Sub-code, which involves keeping the patient informed and indicating that updates will come later. The provider is assuring the patient they'll handle the issue and follow up, which aligns with maintaining communication.\n\nNow, checking the codes and subcodes. For the greeting part, under PartnershipProvider's Sub-codes, there's \"salutation\" which matches. The action part relates to \"maintainCommunication\" because it's about keeping the patient updated. \n\nI should also check if there are other possible codes. InfoGive or SharedDecision? But the sentence isn't providing information (InfoGive) or discussing treatment options (SharedDecision). It's more about the provider's commitment to follow through, so PartnershipProvider is correct.\n\nSo the two spans are \"Hi Person1\" and \"I will look into/start working on this.\" Each corresponds to different Sub-codes under PartnershipProvider. The first is salutation, the second is maintainCommunication. \n\nWait, but the next sentence is \"I will let you know once I have more information,\" which also relates to maintainCommunication. However, the current sentence's second part is part of that commitment. So yes, both parts of the current sentence fit under PartnershipProvider with their respective Sub-codes.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi Person1\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"I will look into/start working on this\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 4aab2cce94db9e5971b64552fc9a15a596e596f9a8b0b22fbf76d867579f1070 | a1988d70da32bb69b93613a8176b43a6300b1ba0f0f64a08d9015126f06e45f6 | bc9649df9c059c4ec7bcd1cff12870c8e51c81380b02bae77d64b505fc472afe | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Hi Person1, I will look into/start working on this.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is \"I will let you know once I have more information.\"\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. Since the previous sentence is None, the current sentence starts the message. The next sentence indicates that the provider will follow up with more info later. \n\nLooking at the current sentence: \"Hi Person1, I will look into/start working on this.\" The first part is \"Hi Person1,\" which is a greeting. According to the definitions, \"salutation\" under PartnershipProvider refers to greeting someone at the start of a message. Since this is the opening sentence, \"Hi Person1\" fits the salutation Sub-code.\n\nNext, the second part: \"I will look into/start working on this.\" This part shows the provider is committing to taking action. The relevant Code here might be PartnershipProvider, specifically the \"maintainCommunication\" Sub-code, which involves keeping the patient informed and indicating that updates will come later. The provider is assuring the patient they'll handle the issue and follow up, which aligns with maintaining communication.\n\nNow, checking the codes and subcodes. For the greeting part, under PartnershipProvider's Sub-codes, there's \"salutation\" which matches. The action part relates to \"maintainCommunication\" because it's about keeping the patient updated. \n\nI should also check if there are other possible codes. InfoGive or SharedDecision? But the sentence isn't providing information (InfoGive) or discussing treatment options (SharedDecision). It's more about the provider's commitment to follow through, so PartnershipProvider is correct.\n\nSo the two spans are \"Hi Person1\" and \"I will look into/start working on this.\" Each corresponds to different Sub-codes under PartnershipProvider. The first is salutation, the second is maintainCommunication. \n\nWait, but the next sentence is \"I will let you know once I have more information,\" which also relates to maintainCommunication. However, the current sentence's second part is part of that commitment. So yes, both parts of the current sentence fit under PartnershipProvider with their respective Sub-codes.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi Person1\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"I will look into/start working on this\"}]}"
] |
33 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi Person1, I will look into/start working on this.\n Current sentence: I will let you know once I have more information.\n Next sentence: Kind regards, Person2, RN\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"I will let you know once I have more information\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "maintainCommunication", "Span": "I will let you know once I have more information"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: That will work.\n Current sentence: Ill be there.\n Next sentence: Was i due last month or this month?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Ill be there\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Ms. Person1, I had ordered both tumor markers, adding the CEA (just another marker in this situation) to the CA27.29 and agree that the CA27.29 has been a very good marker for you.\n Next sentence: I was happy to see that this was trending down.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"I had ordered both tumor markers\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"adding the CEA (just another marker in this situation) to the CA27.29 \"}, {\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Approval/Reinforcement\", \"Span\": \"agree that the CA27.29 has been a very good marker for you\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi Person1, I will look into/start working on this.\n Current sentence: I will let you know once I have more information.\n Next sentence: Kind regards, Person2, RN\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"I will let you know once I have more information.\" The provider is speaking here. \n\nFirst, I need to check the previous and next sentences for context. The previous sentence is \"Hi Person1, I will look into/start working on this.\" That's a greeting and an initial commitment to act. The next sentence is \"Kind regards, Person2, RN,\" which is a closing sign-off.\n\nNow, focusing on the current sentence: \"I will let you know once I have more information.\" The key part here is the provider promising to update the patient when there's new info. \n\nLooking at the codes, the relevant ones might be under PartnershipProvider since it's about maintaining communication. The sub-code \"maintainCommunication\" fits because the provider is assuring the patient they'll stay informed. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, but the sub-code under that would need to fit. The sentence isn't giving specific info like symptoms or diagnostics, just a promise to communicate later. So maybe not InfoGive. \n\nChecking the PartnershipProvider sub-codes, \"maintainCommunication\" is defined as keeping the patient informed and engaged, which matches. The span here would be \"I will let you know once I have more information\" but need the minimal span. The core part is \"I will let you know once I have more information\" but maybe \"I will let you know once I have more information\" is the whole sentence. Wait, the instruction says to extract minimal spans. The key part is \"let you know once I have more information,\" but the entire sentence is the commitment. \n\nAlternatively, \"I will let you know once I have more information\" is the entire sentence, so the span is the whole sentence. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The provider isn't giving diagnostic info or seeking anything, just maintaining communication. So the code is PartnershipProvider with sub-code maintainCommunication. \n\nI should also check if there's any other possible code. Maybe Socioemotional/Empathy? But the sentence is more about communication than emotions. \n\nSo the final result should be one entry with PartnershipProvider and maintainCommunication, with the entire sentence as the span. Wait, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me see: the minimal span that captures the intent is \"I will let you know once I have more information\" but maybe \"let you know once I have more information\" is the key part. However, the entire sentence is the commitment. Since the entire sentence is needed to convey the promise, maybe the entire sentence is acceptable as the span. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"I will let you know once I have more information\" is the exact span. \n\nYes, that's correct. So the JSON should have that as the span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"I will let you know once I have more information\"}]}"
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"I will let you know once I have more information.\" The provider is speaking here. \n\nFirst, I need to check the previous and next sentences for context. The previous sentence is \"Hi Person1, I will look into/start working on this.\" That's a greeting and an initial commitment to act. The next sentence is \"Kind regards, Person2, RN,\" which is a closing sign-off.\n\nNow, focusing on the current sentence: \"I will let you know once I have more information.\" The key part here is the provider promising to update the patient when there's new info. \n\nLooking at the codes, the relevant ones might be under PartnershipProvider since it's about maintaining communication. The sub-code \"maintainCommunication\" fits because the provider is assuring the patient they'll stay informed. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, but the sub-code under that would need to fit. The sentence isn't giving specific info like symptoms or diagnostics, just a promise to communicate later. So maybe not InfoGive. \n\nChecking the PartnershipProvider sub-codes, \"maintainCommunication\" is defined as keeping the patient informed and engaged, which matches. The span here would be \"I will let you know once I have more information\" but need the minimal span. The core part is \"I will let you know once I have more information\" but maybe \"I will let you know once I have more information\" is the whole sentence. Wait, the instruction says to extract minimal spans. The key part is \"let you know once I have more information,\" but the entire sentence is the commitment. \n\nAlternatively, \"I will let you know once I have more information\" is the entire sentence, so the span is the whole sentence. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The provider isn't giving diagnostic info or seeking anything, just maintaining communication. So the code is PartnershipProvider with sub-code maintainCommunication. \n\nI should also check if there's any other possible code. Maybe Socioemotional/Empathy? But the sentence is more about communication than emotions. \n\nSo the final result should be one entry with PartnershipProvider and maintainCommunication, with the entire sentence as the span. Wait, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me see: the minimal span that captures the intent is \"I will let you know once I have more information\" but maybe \"let you know once I have more information\" is the key part. However, the entire sentence is the commitment. Since the entire sentence is needed to convey the promise, maybe the entire sentence is acceptable as the span. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"I will let you know once I have more information\" is the exact span. \n\nYes, that's correct. So the JSON should have that as the span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"I will let you know once I have more information\"}]}"
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] | ee876338f9912ec2541629d97e7f34cbd0c74f87dc5a126213bce37eb1b6a9dc | 5925f1f9d20a323e456c37db171c75ba2cc6e1e59a1eeb5c73d589c21597c3d4 | 41623d1b080ae497f3ee3fcba5a62d00744669040989eeec43b19493de0a9ad3 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"I will let you know once I have more information\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"I will let you know once I have more information.\" The provider is speaking here. \n\nFirst, I need to check the previous and next sentences for context. The previous sentence is \"Hi Person1, I will look into/start working on this.\" That's a greeting and an initial commitment to act. The next sentence is \"Kind regards, Person2, RN,\" which is a closing sign-off.\n\nNow, focusing on the current sentence: \"I will let you know once I have more information.\" The key part here is the provider promising to update the patient when there's new info. \n\nLooking at the codes, the relevant ones might be under PartnershipProvider since it's about maintaining communication. The sub-code \"maintainCommunication\" fits because the provider is assuring the patient they'll stay informed. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, but the sub-code under that would need to fit. The sentence isn't giving specific info like symptoms or diagnostics, just a promise to communicate later. So maybe not InfoGive. \n\nChecking the PartnershipProvider sub-codes, \"maintainCommunication\" is defined as keeping the patient informed and engaged, which matches. The span here would be \"I will let you know once I have more information\" but need the minimal span. The core part is \"I will let you know once I have more information\" but maybe \"I will let you know once I have more information\" is the whole sentence. Wait, the instruction says to extract minimal spans. The key part is \"let you know once I have more information,\" but the entire sentence is the commitment. \n\nAlternatively, \"I will let you know once I have more information\" is the entire sentence, so the span is the whole sentence. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The provider isn't giving diagnostic info or seeking anything, just maintaining communication. So the code is PartnershipProvider with sub-code maintainCommunication. \n\nI should also check if there's any other possible code. Maybe Socioemotional/Empathy? But the sentence is more about communication than emotions. \n\nSo the final result should be one entry with PartnershipProvider and maintainCommunication, with the entire sentence as the span. Wait, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me see: the minimal span that captures the intent is \"I will let you know once I have more information\" but maybe \"let you know once I have more information\" is the key part. However, the entire sentence is the commitment. Since the entire sentence is needed to convey the promise, maybe the entire sentence is acceptable as the span. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"I will let you know once I have more information\" is the exact span. \n\nYes, that's correct. So the JSON should have that as the span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"I will let you know once I have more information\"}]}"
] |
34 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I will let you know once I have more information.\n Current sentence: Kind regards, Person2, RN\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Kind regards\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "signoff", "Span": "Kind regards"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person1 will call me when you meet with my dad.\n Current sentence: Thank you, Person3 XXX-XXX-XXXX\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I have asked our pharmacy to expedite delivery to you so you can start the 75 mg dose.\n Current sentence: Take care, Person2\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Take care\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I will let you know once I have more information.\n Current sentence: Kind regards, Person2, RN\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Kind regards, Person2, RN\" with the next sentence being none. The previous sentence is \"I will let you know once I have more information.\"\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The provider is ending the message here since the next sentence is none. The current sentence is the closing part of the message. The phrase \"Kind regards\" is a common closing expression, similar to \"sincerely\" or \"best regards.\" \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the relevant code here would be PartnershipProvider because the provider is ending the communication, which relates to building or maintaining the relationship with the patient. The subcode should be \"signoff\" since it's the closing part of the message. The span here is \"Kind regards\" because that's the specific phrase indicating the sign-off. \n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. The other subcodes under PartnershipProvider include things like \"salutation\" but that's for the start of a message. Since this is the end, \"signoff\" is correct. There's no mention of gratitude or appreciation here, just a polite closing. So the correct pair is PartnershipProvider with signoff, and the span is \"Kind regards\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Kind regards\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Kind regards, Person2, RN\" with the next sentence being none. The previous sentence is \"I will let you know once I have more information.\"\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The provider is ending the message here since the next sentence is none. The current sentence is the closing part of the message. The phrase \"Kind regards\" is a common closing expression, similar to \"sincerely\" or \"best regards.\" \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the relevant code here would be PartnershipProvider because the provider is ending the communication, which relates to building or maintaining the relationship with the patient. The subcode should be \"signoff\" since it's the closing part of the message. The span here is \"Kind regards\" because that's the specific phrase indicating the sign-off. \n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. The other subcodes under PartnershipProvider include things like \"salutation\" but that's for the start of a message. Since this is the end, \"signoff\" is correct. There's no mention of gratitude or appreciation here, just a polite closing. So the correct pair is PartnershipProvider with signoff, and the span is \"Kind regards\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Kind regards\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 5e192fd4aa8c3ddb5a61ad975aa2f1d94bfa2d05f9d2f43452a10dc89fa7cb2d | 860635371a9eb7de90c39e51a8cb06fb98b299141dcefc5371c5fc0d48d737cb | 64a223c90326d8a9483fd817d905a6b73ea55c94f5aa85c16f759755436e5607 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Kind regards\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Kind regards, Person2, RN\" with the next sentence being none. The previous sentence is \"I will let you know once I have more information.\"\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The provider is ending the message here since the next sentence is none. The current sentence is the closing part of the message. The phrase \"Kind regards\" is a common closing expression, similar to \"sincerely\" or \"best regards.\" \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the relevant code here would be PartnershipProvider because the provider is ending the communication, which relates to building or maintaining the relationship with the patient. The subcode should be \"signoff\" since it's the closing part of the message. The span here is \"Kind regards\" because that's the specific phrase indicating the sign-off. \n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. The other subcodes under PartnershipProvider include things like \"salutation\" but that's for the start of a message. Since this is the end, \"signoff\" is correct. There's no mention of gratitude or appreciation here, just a polite closing. So the correct pair is PartnershipProvider with signoff, and the span is \"Kind regards\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Kind regards\"}]}"
] |
35 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Thank you, Person1.\n Next sentence: OOPS , sorry - my typo - the correct tel.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "Appreciation/Gratitude", "Span": "Thank you"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: However, my blood draw is scheduled for 9:30 In Org2.\n Current sentence: What should I do?\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"What should I do?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person1, You will most likely hear from Genetics next week to make an appointment, if not reach out to our office! Best, Person2\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"You will most likely hear from Genetics next week to make an appointment\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"if not reach out to our office!\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Thank you, Person1.\n Next sentence: OOPS , sorry - my typo - the correct tel.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient who said \"Thank you, Person1.\" with the previous sentence being None and the next sentence being an apology for a typo. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. Since the previous sentence is None, the current sentence is the opening one. The next sentence mentions a typo, but we're focusing on the current sentence: \"Thank you, Person1.\"\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The main goal is to find which codes and subcodes apply here. The phrase \"Thank you\" is a key indicator. \n\nLooking at the PartnershipPatient code, the subcode Appreciation/Gratitude fits here because the patient is thanking the provider. The span would be \"Thank you,\" which is the core expression of gratitude. \n\nAdditionally, the salutation subcode under PartnershipPatient might come to mind, but salutation is for greetings at the start of a message. Since this is the opening sentence, but \"Thank you\" is more about gratitude than a greeting, Appreciation/Gratitude is better. \n\nNo other codes seem relevant here. InfoGive or InfoSeek don't apply because there's no information being given or sought. SharedDecision or Socioemotional codes also don't fit. \n\nSo the only pair is PartnershipPatient with Appreciation/Gratitude, and the span is \"Thank you.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient who said \"Thank you, Person1.\" with the previous sentence being None and the next sentence being an apology for a typo. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. Since the previous sentence is None, the current sentence is the opening one. The next sentence mentions a typo, but we're focusing on the current sentence: \"Thank you, Person1.\"\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The main goal is to find which codes and subcodes apply here. The phrase \"Thank you\" is a key indicator. \n\nLooking at the PartnershipPatient code, the subcode Appreciation/Gratitude fits here because the patient is thanking the provider. The span would be \"Thank you,\" which is the core expression of gratitude. \n\nAdditionally, the salutation subcode under PartnershipPatient might come to mind, but salutation is for greetings at the start of a message. Since this is the opening sentence, but \"Thank you\" is more about gratitude than a greeting, Appreciation/Gratitude is better. \n\nNo other codes seem relevant here. InfoGive or InfoSeek don't apply because there's no information being given or sought. SharedDecision or Socioemotional codes also don't fit. \n\nSo the only pair is PartnershipPatient with Appreciation/Gratitude, and the span is \"Thank you.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 699791b04afbd31a99f2050e9d342682ec6fdf15c8e4f254c8469133b648c7c6 | ff73d0f0ed94f08bd0601555c78dba212ad15ef13e3918c92e983e37c96c3610 | 61fe4dd1062696c10e3d2f9f512d2ffb288b9cf66fc17d667dd65ff7004ea17e | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient who said \"Thank you, Person1.\" with the previous sentence being None and the next sentence being an apology for a typo. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. Since the previous sentence is None, the current sentence is the opening one. The next sentence mentions a typo, but we're focusing on the current sentence: \"Thank you, Person1.\"\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The main goal is to find which codes and subcodes apply here. The phrase \"Thank you\" is a key indicator. \n\nLooking at the PartnershipPatient code, the subcode Appreciation/Gratitude fits here because the patient is thanking the provider. The span would be \"Thank you,\" which is the core expression of gratitude. \n\nAdditionally, the salutation subcode under PartnershipPatient might come to mind, but salutation is for greetings at the start of a message. Since this is the opening sentence, but \"Thank you\" is more about gratitude than a greeting, Appreciation/Gratitude is better. \n\nNo other codes seem relevant here. InfoGive or InfoSeek don't apply because there's no information being given or sought. SharedDecision or Socioemotional codes also don't fit. \n\nSo the only pair is PartnershipPatient with Appreciation/Gratitude, and the span is \"Thank you.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}"
] |
36 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Thank you, Person1.\n Current sentence: OOPS , sorry - my typo - the correct tel.\n Next sentence: no.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"AcknowledgeSituation\", \"Span\": \"OOPS , sorry - my typo\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "Socioemotional/Empathy", "Sub-code": "AcknowledgeSituation", "Span": "OOPS , sorry - my typo"}]} | {
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"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Okay.\n Current sentence: I saw two results now in.\n Next sentence: Is that a third test?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"I saw two results now in\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person1, I see an appointment for the MM/DD/YYYY .\n Next sentence: Thanks!\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I see an appointment for the MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Thank you, Person1.\n Current sentence: OOPS , sorry - my typo - the correct tel.\n Next sentence: no.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient's message. The current sentence is \"OOPS , sorry - my typo - the correct tel.\" with the previous sentence being \"Thank you, Person1.\" and the next one \"no.\"\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is a thank you, so the current sentence is likely part of a conversation where the patient is correcting a mistake. The next sentence \"no\" might be a response to a question or clarification.\n\nLooking at the current sentence: \"OOPS , sorry - my typo - the correct tel.\" The key elements here are the apology for a typo and mentioning the correct telephone number. \n\nNow, checking the codes and subcodes. The main codes are like InfoGive, InfoSeek, PartnershipPatient, etc. \n\nThe phrase \"my typo\" indicates an error made by the patient, so they're correcting it. The mention of \"the correct tel\" (probably short for telephone number) is providing corrected information. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing information. The subcode here would be Generalinformation since a phone number is administrative. \n\nAlso, the \"OOPS , sorry\" part is an acknowledgment of a mistake. The Socioemotional/Empathy code has a subcode AcknowledgeSituation which fits here because they're recognizing and taking responsibility for the error. \n\nSo the first pair is Socioemotional/Empathy with AcknowledgeSituation for \"OOPS , sorry - my typo\". \n\nThe second part \"the correct tel\" falls under InfoGive-Generalinformation. \n\nI need to check if there are other possible codes. The PartnershipPatient's subcode like 'build trust' might be a stretch here. The main focus is on correcting info and acknowledging the mistake. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence \"no\" isn't part of the current sentence's span, so we ignore it except for context. \n\nThus, the two pairs should be the ones mentioned.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"AcknowledgeSituation\", \"Span\": \"OOPS , sorry - my typo\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"the correct tel\"}]}"
]
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient's message. The current sentence is \"OOPS , sorry - my typo - the correct tel.\" with the previous sentence being \"Thank you, Person1.\" and the next one \"no.\"\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is a thank you, so the current sentence is likely part of a conversation where the patient is correcting a mistake. The next sentence \"no\" might be a response to a question or clarification.\n\nLooking at the current sentence: \"OOPS , sorry - my typo - the correct tel.\" The key elements here are the apology for a typo and mentioning the correct telephone number. \n\nNow, checking the codes and subcodes. The main codes are like InfoGive, InfoSeek, PartnershipPatient, etc. \n\nThe phrase \"my typo\" indicates an error made by the patient, so they're correcting it. The mention of \"the correct tel\" (probably short for telephone number) is providing corrected information. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing information. The subcode here would be Generalinformation since a phone number is administrative. \n\nAlso, the \"OOPS , sorry\" part is an acknowledgment of a mistake. The Socioemotional/Empathy code has a subcode AcknowledgeSituation which fits here because they're recognizing and taking responsibility for the error. \n\nSo the first pair is Socioemotional/Empathy with AcknowledgeSituation for \"OOPS , sorry - my typo\". \n\nThe second part \"the correct tel\" falls under InfoGive-Generalinformation. \n\nI need to check if there are other possible codes. The PartnershipPatient's subcode like 'build trust' might be a stretch here. The main focus is on correcting info and acknowledging the mistake. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence \"no\" isn't part of the current sentence's span, so we ignore it except for context. \n\nThus, the two pairs should be the ones mentioned.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"AcknowledgeSituation\", \"Span\": \"OOPS , sorry - my typo\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"the correct tel\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
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"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"AcknowledgeSituation\", \"Span\": \"OOPS , sorry - my typo\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient's message. The current sentence is \"OOPS , sorry - my typo - the correct tel.\" with the previous sentence being \"Thank you, Person1.\" and the next one \"no.\"\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is a thank you, so the current sentence is likely part of a conversation where the patient is correcting a mistake. The next sentence \"no\" might be a response to a question or clarification.\n\nLooking at the current sentence: \"OOPS , sorry - my typo - the correct tel.\" The key elements here are the apology for a typo and mentioning the correct telephone number. \n\nNow, checking the codes and subcodes. The main codes are like InfoGive, InfoSeek, PartnershipPatient, etc. \n\nThe phrase \"my typo\" indicates an error made by the patient, so they're correcting it. The mention of \"the correct tel\" (probably short for telephone number) is providing corrected information. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing information. The subcode here would be Generalinformation since a phone number is administrative. \n\nAlso, the \"OOPS , sorry\" part is an acknowledgment of a mistake. The Socioemotional/Empathy code has a subcode AcknowledgeSituation which fits here because they're recognizing and taking responsibility for the error. \n\nSo the first pair is Socioemotional/Empathy with AcknowledgeSituation for \"OOPS , sorry - my typo\". \n\nThe second part \"the correct tel\" falls under InfoGive-Generalinformation. \n\nI need to check if there are other possible codes. The PartnershipPatient's subcode like 'build trust' might be a stretch here. The main focus is on correcting info and acknowledging the mistake. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence \"no\" isn't part of the current sentence's span, so we ignore it except for context. \n\nThus, the two pairs should be the ones mentioned.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"AcknowledgeSituation\", \"Span\": \"OOPS , sorry - my typo\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"the correct tel\"}]}"
] |
37 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Person1 has done well managing pain while eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg (as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP).\n Next sentence: Person1 has been taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg, usually split to 7.5mg, about every MM/DD/YYYY through the day, with MM/DD/YYYY off while sleeping.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"has done well managing pain\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"eliminating Oxycontin\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Symptoms", "Span": "has done well managing pain"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "eliminating Oxycontin"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi we are so sorry to hear Person1 isnt feeling well.\n Current sentence: I have passed this message along to Dr Person2.\n Next sentence: Unfortunately we do not have control over visitor restrictions in the hospital.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"I have passed this message along to Dr Person2\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Yes we got both will take 2dex in am with food and I already took the compazine once already and immodium had bad diarrhea when got home\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Alignment\", \"Span\": \"Yes\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"we got both\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"will take 2dex in am with food\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"I already took the compazine once already and immodium\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"had bad diarrhea when got home\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Person1 has done well managing pain while eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg (as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP).\n Next sentence: Person1 has been taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg, usually split to 7.5mg, about every MM/DD/YYYY through the day, with MM/DD/YYYY off while sleeping.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"Person1 has done well managing pain while eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg (as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP).\" The next sentence talks about the medication schedule, so the context is about pain management and medication changes.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the codes and subcodes. The sentence mentions managing pain, which relates to symptoms. The part about eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg and taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg refers to drugs. Also, the mention of Dr. Person2's recommendation could be part of care coordination or partnership.\n\nLooking at the codes:\n\n- InfoGive: The patient is providing information about their medication use and management. The subcodes here would be Drugs (since they mention specific medications) and maybe Symptoms (managing pain is a symptom). \n\n- PartnershipPatient: The patient is showing active involvement in their care by managing pain and following the doctor's advice. The part where they mention Dr. Person2's recommendation might indicate alignment or active participation. The word \"ASAP\" could show that they're following through on the doctor's keenness, so maybe alignment or active participation.\n\nBreaking down the sentence:\n\n\"Person1 has done well managing pain\" → Symptoms (managing pain is a symptom report).\n\n\"while eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg\" → Drugs (specific medication being stopped).\n\n\"(as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP)\" → This part shows that the patient is following the doctor's recommendation, which could be under PartnershipPatient's activeParticipation/involvement or alignment. Since they're confirming they did as the doctor wanted, maybe Alignment (confirming they're on the same page).\n\nAlso, the overall statement is providing information about their medication adherence and management, so InfoGive's Drugs and Symptoms are covered. The part in parentheses might also relate to care coordination, but since the main focus is on the patient's actions, maybe not.\n\nChecking subcodes for InfoGive: Symptoms and Drugs are valid. For PartnershipPatient, activeParticipation or alignment. The phrase \"ASAP\" and following the doctor's keenness suggests they're aligning with the provider's plan, so Alignment might be the subcode here.\n\nSo possible pairs:\n\n- InfoGive → Symptoms: \"managing pain\"\n- InfoGive → Drugs: \"eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg\" and the mention of Oxycodone in the next sentence, but the current sentence's span is only up to the first part. Wait, the current sentence's span is only the first part. The next sentence is separate. So in the current sentence, the drugs part is \"eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg\".\n\n- PartnershipPatient → Alignment: \"ASAP\" and the reference to Dr. Person2's recommendation. The span here would be \"as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP\".\n\nWait, but the alignment subcode is about confirming both are on the same page. The patient is stating they followed the doctor's advice, so that's alignment. Alternatively, activeParticipation because they're actively managing their pain as per the doctor's instructions.\n\nHmm. The subcode for activeParticipation is when the patient is actively involved in their care, like providing info or contributing to decisions. Here, they're reporting their adherence, which is part of active participation. Alternatively, the mention of the doctor's recommendation and following it could be alignment.\n\nAlternatively, the part in parentheses is explaining the reason, so maybe that's part of the care coordination? But carecoordination is under InfoGive's subcode. Wait, InfoGive's carecoordination is about scheduling or integrating services. Maybe not here.\n\nAlternatively, the PartnershipPatient's alignment subcode is when the patient confirms they're in agreement. Since they mention doing what the doctor wanted ASAP, that's showing alignment.\n\nSo the spans would be:\n\nFor InfoGive-Symptoms: \"managing pain\"\n\nFor InfoGive-Drugs: \"eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg\"\n\nFor PartnershipPatient-Alignment: \"as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP\"\n\nWait, but the alignment subcode's definition is confirmation that both are on the same page. The patient is stating that they followed the doctor's recommendation, so that's showing alignment. The span here is the entire parenthetical, but maybe the key part is \"ASAP\" or \"Dr. Person2 was keen\".\n\nAlternatively, the entire phrase indicates that the patient is aligning with the doctor's wishes, so the span would be the entire parenthetical. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Maybe \"ASAP\" is part of it, but the main point is the reference to the doctor's instruction.\n\nAlternatively, the main span for alignment could be \"as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP\".\n\nSo putting it all together, the results would include:\n\n-"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"Person1 has done well managing pain while eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg (as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP).\" The next sentence talks about the medication schedule, so the context is about pain management and medication changes.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the codes and subcodes. The sentence mentions managing pain, which relates to symptoms. The part about eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg and taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg refers to drugs. Also, the mention of Dr. Person2's recommendation could be part of care coordination or partnership.\n\nLooking at the codes:\n\n- InfoGive: The patient is providing information about their medication use and management. The subcodes here would be Drugs (since they mention specific medications) and maybe Symptoms (managing pain is a symptom). \n\n- PartnershipPatient: The patient is showing active involvement in their care by managing pain and following the doctor's advice. The part where they mention Dr. Person2's recommendation might indicate alignment or active participation. The word \"ASAP\" could show that they're following through on the doctor's keenness, so maybe alignment or active participation.\n\nBreaking down the sentence:\n\n\"Person1 has done well managing pain\" → Symptoms (managing pain is a symptom report).\n\n\"while eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg\" → Drugs (specific medication being stopped).\n\n\"(as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP)\" → This part shows that the patient is following the doctor's recommendation, which could be under PartnershipPatient's activeParticipation/involvement or alignment. Since they're confirming they did as the doctor wanted, maybe Alignment (confirming they're on the same page).\n\nAlso, the overall statement is providing information about their medication adherence and management, so InfoGive's Drugs and Symptoms are covered. The part in parentheses might also relate to care coordination, but since the main focus is on the patient's actions, maybe not.\n\nChecking subcodes for InfoGive: Symptoms and Drugs are valid. For PartnershipPatient, activeParticipation or alignment. The phrase \"ASAP\" and following the doctor's keenness suggests they're aligning with the provider's plan, so Alignment might be the subcode here.\n\nSo possible pairs:\n\n- InfoGive → Symptoms: \"managing pain\"\n- InfoGive → Drugs: \"eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg\" and the mention of Oxycodone in the next sentence, but the current sentence's span is only up to the first part. Wait, the current sentence's span is only the first part. The next sentence is separate. So in the current sentence, the drugs part is \"eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg\".\n\n- PartnershipPatient → Alignment: \"ASAP\" and the reference to Dr. Person2's recommendation. The span here would be \"as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP\".\n\nWait, but the alignment subcode is about confirming both are on the same page. The patient is stating they followed the doctor's advice, so that's alignment. Alternatively, activeParticipation because they're actively managing their pain as per the doctor's instructions.\n\nHmm. The subcode for activeParticipation is when the patient is actively involved in their care, like providing info or contributing to decisions. Here, they're reporting their adherence, which is part of active participation. Alternatively, the mention of the doctor's recommendation and following it could be alignment.\n\nAlternatively, the part in parentheses is explaining the reason, so maybe that's part of the care coordination? But carecoordination is under InfoGive's subcode. Wait, InfoGive's carecoordination is about scheduling or integrating services. Maybe not here.\n\nAlternatively, the PartnershipPatient's alignment subcode is when the patient confirms they're in agreement. Since they mention doing what the doctor wanted ASAP, that's showing alignment.\n\nSo the spans would be:\n\nFor InfoGive-Symptoms: \"managing pain\"\n\nFor InfoGive-Drugs: \"eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg\"\n\nFor PartnershipPatient-Alignment: \"as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP\"\n\nWait, but the alignment subcode's definition is confirmation that both are on the same page. The patient is stating that they followed the doctor's recommendation, so that's showing alignment. The span here is the entire parenthetical, but maybe the key part is \"ASAP\" or \"Dr. Person2 was keen\".\n\nAlternatively, the entire phrase indicates that the patient is aligning with the doctor's wishes, so the span would be the entire parenthetical. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Maybe \"ASAP\" is part of it, but the main point is the reference to the doctor's instruction.\n\nAlternatively, the main span for alignment could be \"as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP\".\n\nSo putting it all together, the results would include:\n\n-"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | da64459390f24edb0314e2709d1c96ae57a94a64f49e34212d2ff8278870378e | 2081e69fe52f50922f8d54fe57b3f460b40500d3e4cc473007aca53a2df7eea9 | 46bade5a2175b9a30fb608d073e5f59bf4cc121f1775a9cb509a7de1e8bee6df | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"has done well managing pain\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"eliminating Oxycontin\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"Person1 has done well managing pain while eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg (as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP).\" The next sentence talks about the medication schedule, so the context is about pain management and medication changes.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the codes and subcodes. The sentence mentions managing pain, which relates to symptoms. The part about eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg and taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg refers to drugs. Also, the mention of Dr. Person2's recommendation could be part of care coordination or partnership.\n\nLooking at the codes:\n\n- InfoGive: The patient is providing information about their medication use and management. The subcodes here would be Drugs (since they mention specific medications) and maybe Symptoms (managing pain is a symptom). \n\n- PartnershipPatient: The patient is showing active involvement in their care by managing pain and following the doctor's advice. The part where they mention Dr. Person2's recommendation might indicate alignment or active participation. The word \"ASAP\" could show that they're following through on the doctor's keenness, so maybe alignment or active participation.\n\nBreaking down the sentence:\n\n\"Person1 has done well managing pain\" → Symptoms (managing pain is a symptom report).\n\n\"while eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg\" → Drugs (specific medication being stopped).\n\n\"(as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP)\" → This part shows that the patient is following the doctor's recommendation, which could be under PartnershipPatient's activeParticipation/involvement or alignment. Since they're confirming they did as the doctor wanted, maybe Alignment (confirming they're on the same page).\n\nAlso, the overall statement is providing information about their medication adherence and management, so InfoGive's Drugs and Symptoms are covered. The part in parentheses might also relate to care coordination, but since the main focus is on the patient's actions, maybe not.\n\nChecking subcodes for InfoGive: Symptoms and Drugs are valid. For PartnershipPatient, activeParticipation or alignment. The phrase \"ASAP\" and following the doctor's keenness suggests they're aligning with the provider's plan, so Alignment might be the subcode here.\n\nSo possible pairs:\n\n- InfoGive → Symptoms: \"managing pain\"\n- InfoGive → Drugs: \"eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg\" and the mention of Oxycodone in the next sentence, but the current sentence's span is only up to the first part. Wait, the current sentence's span is only the first part. The next sentence is separate. So in the current sentence, the drugs part is \"eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg\".\n\n- PartnershipPatient → Alignment: \"ASAP\" and the reference to Dr. Person2's recommendation. The span here would be \"as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP\".\n\nWait, but the alignment subcode is about confirming both are on the same page. The patient is stating they followed the doctor's advice, so that's alignment. Alternatively, activeParticipation because they're actively managing their pain as per the doctor's instructions.\n\nHmm. The subcode for activeParticipation is when the patient is actively involved in their care, like providing info or contributing to decisions. Here, they're reporting their adherence, which is part of active participation. Alternatively, the mention of the doctor's recommendation and following it could be alignment.\n\nAlternatively, the part in parentheses is explaining the reason, so maybe that's part of the care coordination? But carecoordination is under InfoGive's subcode. Wait, InfoGive's carecoordination is about scheduling or integrating services. Maybe not here.\n\nAlternatively, the PartnershipPatient's alignment subcode is when the patient confirms they're in agreement. Since they mention doing what the doctor wanted ASAP, that's showing alignment.\n\nSo the spans would be:\n\nFor InfoGive-Symptoms: \"managing pain\"\n\nFor InfoGive-Drugs: \"eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg\"\n\nFor PartnershipPatient-Alignment: \"as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP\"\n\nWait, but the alignment subcode's definition is confirmation that both are on the same page. The patient is stating that they followed the doctor's recommendation, so that's showing alignment. The span here is the entire parenthetical, but maybe the key part is \"ASAP\" or \"Dr. Person2 was keen\".\n\nAlternatively, the entire phrase indicates that the patient is aligning with the doctor's wishes, so the span would be the entire parenthetical. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Maybe \"ASAP\" is part of it, but the main point is the reference to the doctor's instruction.\n\nAlternatively, the main span for alignment could be \"as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP\".\n\nSo putting it all together, the results would include:\n\n-"
] |
38 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person1 has done well managing pain while eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg (as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP).\n Current sentence: Person1 has been taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg, usually split to 7.5mg, about every MM/DD/YYYY through the day, with MM/DD/YYYY off while sleeping.\n Next sentence: He needs another 7.5mg every so often, usually MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"has been taking Oxycodone\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "has been taking Oxycodone"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Is he still going to be seeing patients in clinic?\n Next sentence: I did not realize he got a promotion.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeekSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"Is he still going to be seeing patients in clinic?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person1 I discussed with Dr Person2 - he would like you to defer scans until after radiation is complete.\n Current sentence: Please call #XXX-XXX-XXXX to reschedule.\n Next sentence: Please then call our office or mychart once scans rescheduled and we will reschedule appointment with Dr Person2.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"Please call #XXX-XXX-XXXX to reschedule\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person1 has done well managing pain while eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg (as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP).\n Current sentence: Person1 has been taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg, usually split to 7.5mg, about every MM/DD/YYYY through the day, with MM/DD/YYYY off while sleeping.\n Next sentence: He needs another 7.5mg every so often, usually MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
"until": [
"JSON_END"
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the patient, and they're talking about their medication usage. The previous sentence mentions managing pain by eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg as per Dr. Person2's request. The current sentence details the specific dosage and schedule of Oxycodone HCL 15mg, splitting it into 7.5mg doses throughout the day with a day off. The next sentence mentions needing another 7.5mg every so often.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the relevant codes and subcodes. The patient is providing information about their medication use, which falls under \"InfoGive\" because they're giving details about their treatment. The subcode here would be \"Drugs\" since they're talking about the specific medication, dosage, and schedule. \n\nLooking at the definitions, \"InfoGive\" includes providing information on medications, and \"Drugs\" as a subcode refers to substances used for treatment. The mention of Oxycodone HCL 15mg, splitting the dose, and the schedule all fit under \"Drugs\". \n\nI should check if there's any other code applicable. The context is about medication management, so \"InfoGiveSDOH\" doesn't fit here because that's about social, economic, or environmental factors. \"InfoSeek\" is about seeking information, which isn't the case here. The Partnership codes involve collaboration or emotional aspects, which aren't present in this sentence. SharedDecision codes relate to decision-making, which isn't the focus here either. Socioemotional/Empathy isn't relevant here either. \n\nSo the only code here is \"InfoGive\" with the subcode \"Drugs\". The span should capture the medication details. The entire sentence is about the medication, but the minimal span would be \"Person1 has been taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg, usually split to 7.5mg, about every MM/DD/YYYY through the day, with MM/DD/YYYY off while sleeping.\" However, maybe the key part is \"taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg\" but the rest of the details are also part of the drug information. Since the instruction says to extract the minimal span, perhaps the entire sentence is necessary here because it's all about the drug usage. Wait, but the example given in the previous problem included the entire instruction. Let me check the instructions again. \n\nThe user says to extract minimal, specific spans. The sentence is entirely about the drug's use, so the entire sentence is the span. But maybe the exact drug name and dosage is the key. Hmm. Alternatively, the entire sentence is the minimal span needed to convey the drug information. Since the code is about providing drug info, the entire sentence is the span. \n\nTherefore, the result should be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person1 has been taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg, usually split to 7.5mg, about every MM/DD/YYYY through the day, with MM/DD/YYYY off while sleeping.\"}]}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person1 has been taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg, usually split to 7.5mg, about every MM/DD/YYYY through the day, with MM/DD/YYYY off while sleeping.\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the patient, and they're talking about their medication usage. The previous sentence mentions managing pain by eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg as per Dr. Person2's request. The current sentence details the specific dosage and schedule of Oxycodone HCL 15mg, splitting it into 7.5mg doses throughout the day with a day off. The next sentence mentions needing another 7.5mg every so often.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the relevant codes and subcodes. The patient is providing information about their medication use, which falls under \"InfoGive\" because they're giving details about their treatment. The subcode here would be \"Drugs\" since they're talking about the specific medication, dosage, and schedule. \n\nLooking at the definitions, \"InfoGive\" includes providing information on medications, and \"Drugs\" as a subcode refers to substances used for treatment. The mention of Oxycodone HCL 15mg, splitting the dose, and the schedule all fit under \"Drugs\". \n\nI should check if there's any other code applicable. The context is about medication management, so \"InfoGiveSDOH\" doesn't fit here because that's about social, economic, or environmental factors. \"InfoSeek\" is about seeking information, which isn't the case here. The Partnership codes involve collaboration or emotional aspects, which aren't present in this sentence. SharedDecision codes relate to decision-making, which isn't the focus here either. Socioemotional/Empathy isn't relevant here either. \n\nSo the only code here is \"InfoGive\" with the subcode \"Drugs\". The span should capture the medication details. The entire sentence is about the medication, but the minimal span would be \"Person1 has been taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg, usually split to 7.5mg, about every MM/DD/YYYY through the day, with MM/DD/YYYY off while sleeping.\" However, maybe the key part is \"taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg\" but the rest of the details are also part of the drug information. Since the instruction says to extract the minimal span, perhaps the entire sentence is necessary here because it's all about the drug usage. Wait, but the example given in the previous problem included the entire instruction. Let me check the instructions again. \n\nThe user says to extract minimal, specific spans. The sentence is entirely about the drug's use, so the entire sentence is the span. But maybe the exact drug name and dosage is the key. Hmm. Alternatively, the entire sentence is the minimal span needed to convey the drug information. Since the code is about providing drug info, the entire sentence is the span. \n\nTherefore, the result should be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person1 has been taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg, usually split to 7.5mg, about every MM/DD/YYYY through the day, with MM/DD/YYYY off while sleeping.\"}]}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person1 has been taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg, usually split to 7.5mg, about every MM/DD/YYYY through the day, with MM/DD/YYYY off while sleeping.\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | a42016c02fda9c2a9afb7d2f2c024caad426172fd2d24c3dd699c6b3b88decb7 | 38123425daac91909d5cf8b1b219ff5fe4d447ae7158537fdc6b3d8745df3ac5 | f36c7327fb95e7033ad26138404f10dc0fde206812e4c0da261293f9c3f8b7a4 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"has been taking Oxycodone\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the patient, and they're talking about their medication usage. The previous sentence mentions managing pain by eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg as per Dr. Person2's request. The current sentence details the specific dosage and schedule of Oxycodone HCL 15mg, splitting it into 7.5mg doses throughout the day with a day off. The next sentence mentions needing another 7.5mg every so often.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the relevant codes and subcodes. The patient is providing information about their medication use, which falls under \"InfoGive\" because they're giving details about their treatment. The subcode here would be \"Drugs\" since they're talking about the specific medication, dosage, and schedule. \n\nLooking at the definitions, \"InfoGive\" includes providing information on medications, and \"Drugs\" as a subcode refers to substances used for treatment. The mention of Oxycodone HCL 15mg, splitting the dose, and the schedule all fit under \"Drugs\". \n\nI should check if there's any other code applicable. The context is about medication management, so \"InfoGiveSDOH\" doesn't fit here because that's about social, economic, or environmental factors. \"InfoSeek\" is about seeking information, which isn't the case here. The Partnership codes involve collaboration or emotional aspects, which aren't present in this sentence. SharedDecision codes relate to decision-making, which isn't the focus here either. Socioemotional/Empathy isn't relevant here either. \n\nSo the only code here is \"InfoGive\" with the subcode \"Drugs\". The span should capture the medication details. The entire sentence is about the medication, but the minimal span would be \"Person1 has been taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg, usually split to 7.5mg, about every MM/DD/YYYY through the day, with MM/DD/YYYY off while sleeping.\" However, maybe the key part is \"taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg\" but the rest of the details are also part of the drug information. Since the instruction says to extract the minimal span, perhaps the entire sentence is necessary here because it's all about the drug usage. Wait, but the example given in the previous problem included the entire instruction. Let me check the instructions again. \n\nThe user says to extract minimal, specific spans. The sentence is entirely about the drug's use, so the entire sentence is the span. But maybe the exact drug name and dosage is the key. Hmm. Alternatively, the entire sentence is the minimal span needed to convey the drug information. Since the code is about providing drug info, the entire sentence is the span. \n\nTherefore, the result should be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person1 has been taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg, usually split to 7.5mg, about every MM/DD/YYYY through the day, with MM/DD/YYYY off while sleeping.\"}]}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person1 has been taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg, usually split to 7.5mg, about every MM/DD/YYYY through the day, with MM/DD/YYYY off while sleeping.\"}]}"
] |
39 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: He needs another 7.5mg every so often, usually MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Person1 also needs a new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg, if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue taking it.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"needs a refill\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "needs a refill"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I have a meeting with my pulmonologist in about five minutes.\n Current sentence: When do I begin Ibrance again?\n Next sentence: Person1\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"When do I begin Ibrance again?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: You will need to get the portflushed in Org1 but the secretaries can help schedule that as well-Org1 is only doing port flushes for patients receiving chemo that day.\n Current sentence: Stay warm and safe in the snow!\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \"Stay warm and safe in the snow!\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: He needs another 7.5mg every so often, usually MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Person1 also needs a new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg, if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue taking it.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence mentions a refill of 7.5mg every so often on a specific date, and the next sentence talks about a new prescription for Meloxicam.\n\nFirst, I need to determine the code and sub-code for the current sentence. The sentence is about requesting a medication refill. Looking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking information, and under its sub-codes, there's \"Drugs\" which refers to substances used for medical conditions. Since the patient is asking for a refill of Oxycodone HCL, that's a drug-related request. \n\nThe sub-code \"Drugs\" under InfoSeek fits here because they're seeking information about medication. The span here would be \"Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\" But wait, maybe the exact span should be more specific. The key part is \"refill of Oxycodone HCL,\" but the entire sentence is the request. However, the instruction says to extract the minimal span. The core part is \"refill of Oxycodone HCL,\" but the entire sentence is the request for the refill. Alternatively, maybe the entire sentence is needed because it's the full request. \n\nAlternatively, looking at the example given earlier, when the question was \"When do I begin Ibrance again?\" the entire sentence was the span under InfoSeek/Drugs. So following that example, the entire current sentence should be the span here as well. \n\nAnother angle: Are there other possible codes? InfoSeekSDOH is about social, economic factors, which doesn't apply here. PartnershipPatient might involve connection or something else, but the sentence is a direct request for medication, so it's more about seeking drug information. \n\nTherefore, the correct code is InfoSeek with sub-code Drugs, and the span is the entire current sentence.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence mentions a refill of 7.5mg every so often on a specific date, and the next sentence talks about a new prescription for Meloxicam.\n\nFirst, I need to determine the code and sub-code for the current sentence. The sentence is about requesting a medication refill. Looking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking information, and under its sub-codes, there's \"Drugs\" which refers to substances used for medical conditions. Since the patient is asking for a refill of Oxycodone HCL, that's a drug-related request. \n\nThe sub-code \"Drugs\" under InfoSeek fits here because they're seeking information about medication. The span here would be \"Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\" But wait, maybe the exact span should be more specific. The key part is \"refill of Oxycodone HCL,\" but the entire sentence is the request. However, the instruction says to extract the minimal span. The core part is \"refill of Oxycodone HCL,\" but the entire sentence is the request for the refill. Alternatively, maybe the entire sentence is needed because it's the full request. \n\nAlternatively, looking at the example given earlier, when the question was \"When do I begin Ibrance again?\" the entire sentence was the span under InfoSeek/Drugs. So following that example, the entire current sentence should be the span here as well. \n\nAnother angle: Are there other possible codes? InfoSeekSDOH is about social, economic factors, which doesn't apply here. PartnershipPatient might involve connection or something else, but the sentence is a direct request for medication, so it's more about seeking drug information. \n\nTherefore, the correct code is InfoSeek with sub-code Drugs, and the span is the entire current sentence.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 4bc118b559f84e7082c6c0f3f389597d570e833757b992ac5354c08954a66e3d | 5887bcbac21c5668a1d3a3df17cdea985d55500f887b5a8b44b4c4e8f436c7eb | dbd83a53179eaac11e7a4a01c7b57dfed9ef3e9f5c7bb2d6d7c5c56d6c7d9889 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"needs a refill\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence mentions a refill of 7.5mg every so often on a specific date, and the next sentence talks about a new prescription for Meloxicam.\n\nFirst, I need to determine the code and sub-code for the current sentence. The sentence is about requesting a medication refill. Looking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking information, and under its sub-codes, there's \"Drugs\" which refers to substances used for medical conditions. Since the patient is asking for a refill of Oxycodone HCL, that's a drug-related request. \n\nThe sub-code \"Drugs\" under InfoSeek fits here because they're seeking information about medication. The span here would be \"Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\" But wait, maybe the exact span should be more specific. The key part is \"refill of Oxycodone HCL,\" but the entire sentence is the request. However, the instruction says to extract the minimal span. The core part is \"refill of Oxycodone HCL,\" but the entire sentence is the request for the refill. Alternatively, maybe the entire sentence is needed because it's the full request. \n\nAlternatively, looking at the example given earlier, when the question was \"When do I begin Ibrance again?\" the entire sentence was the span under InfoSeek/Drugs. So following that example, the entire current sentence should be the span here as well. \n\nAnother angle: Are there other possible codes? InfoSeekSDOH is about social, economic factors, which doesn't apply here. PartnershipPatient might involve connection or something else, but the sentence is a direct request for medication, so it's more about seeking drug information. \n\nTherefore, the correct code is InfoSeek with sub-code Drugs, and the span is the entire current sentence.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\"}]}"
] |
40 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Person1 also needs a new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg, if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue taking it.\n Next sentence: Last, we had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"needs a new Rx\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue taking it\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "needs a new Rx"}, {"Code": "InfoSeek", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue taking it"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Removing the tumor re quiring pushing on the nerve some to get the tumor out.\n Current sentence: I will put in a referral for you to see an occuloplastic surgeon.\n Next sentence: Person2\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"I will put in a referral for you to see an occuloplastic surgeon\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I would like to schedule a virtual call with you to-discuss next steps as I had a review with Dr Person1 re next steps.\n Current sentence: Best\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Person1 also needs a new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg, if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue taking it.\n Next sentence: Last, we had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Person1 also needs a new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg, if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue taking it.\" The user is a patient, so I need to see how this fits into the codes and subcodes provided.\n\nFirst, looking at the previous sentence: \"Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\" The next sentence mentions an appointment with another doctor. The current sentence is about requesting a new prescription for Meloxicam, contingent on Dr. Person3's approval.\n\nThe main action here is the patient seeking information or a directive about a medication. Since it's a patient's message, I should check the codes under the patient's perspective. The relevant codes for seeking information are InfoSeek and InfoSeekSDOH. \n\nLooking at the subcodes under InfoSeek, there's \"Drugs\" which refers to substances used for medical conditions. The sentence mentions \"new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg,\" which is a drug. The phrase \"if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue taking it\" suggests the patient is seeking confirmation or approval about the medication, which might also touch on \"carecoordination\" but that's under InfoGive or InfoSeek's subcodes. Wait, under InfoSeek's subcodes, there's \"carecoordination\" as well. Hmm, but the main focus here is on the drug itself. \n\nAlternatively, since the patient is asking about a prescription, it's about seeking information related to drugs. So the primary code would be InfoSeek with the subcode Drugs. The span here would be \"new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg\" or the entire clause, but the minimal span should be the core part. \"Meloxicam 15mg\" is the drug, but the request is for a new prescription, so \"new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg\" captures the action. \n\nIs there another code? The \"if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue\" part might relate to seeking approval from the provider, but that's more about the condition. The main intent is the patient seeking to get the prescription, so sticking with InfoSeek-Drugs makes sense. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The other parts like the appointment in the next sentence aren't part of the current sentence's span. So the final answer should be InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, and the span is \"new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg\"}]}"
]
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Person1 also needs a new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg, if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue taking it.\" The user is a patient, so I need to see how this fits into the codes and subcodes provided.\n\nFirst, looking at the previous sentence: \"Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\" The next sentence mentions an appointment with another doctor. The current sentence is about requesting a new prescription for Meloxicam, contingent on Dr. Person3's approval.\n\nThe main action here is the patient seeking information or a directive about a medication. Since it's a patient's message, I should check the codes under the patient's perspective. The relevant codes for seeking information are InfoSeek and InfoSeekSDOH. \n\nLooking at the subcodes under InfoSeek, there's \"Drugs\" which refers to substances used for medical conditions. The sentence mentions \"new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg,\" which is a drug. The phrase \"if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue taking it\" suggests the patient is seeking confirmation or approval about the medication, which might also touch on \"carecoordination\" but that's under InfoGive or InfoSeek's subcodes. Wait, under InfoSeek's subcodes, there's \"carecoordination\" as well. Hmm, but the main focus here is on the drug itself. \n\nAlternatively, since the patient is asking about a prescription, it's about seeking information related to drugs. So the primary code would be InfoSeek with the subcode Drugs. The span here would be \"new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg\" or the entire clause, but the minimal span should be the core part. \"Meloxicam 15mg\" is the drug, but the request is for a new prescription, so \"new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg\" captures the action. \n\nIs there another code? The \"if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue\" part might relate to seeking approval from the provider, but that's more about the condition. The main intent is the patient seeking to get the prescription, so sticking with InfoSeek-Drugs makes sense. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The other parts like the appointment in the next sentence aren't part of the current sentence's span. So the final answer should be InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, and the span is \"new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg\"}]}"
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"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"needs a new Rx\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue taking it\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Person1 also needs a new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg, if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue taking it.\" The user is a patient, so I need to see how this fits into the codes and subcodes provided.\n\nFirst, looking at the previous sentence: \"Person1 needs a refill of Oxycodone HCL by MM/DD/YYYY, Wed. MM/DD/YYYY.\" The next sentence mentions an appointment with another doctor. The current sentence is about requesting a new prescription for Meloxicam, contingent on Dr. Person3's approval.\n\nThe main action here is the patient seeking information or a directive about a medication. Since it's a patient's message, I should check the codes under the patient's perspective. The relevant codes for seeking information are InfoSeek and InfoSeekSDOH. \n\nLooking at the subcodes under InfoSeek, there's \"Drugs\" which refers to substances used for medical conditions. The sentence mentions \"new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg,\" which is a drug. The phrase \"if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue taking it\" suggests the patient is seeking confirmation or approval about the medication, which might also touch on \"carecoordination\" but that's under InfoGive or InfoSeek's subcodes. Wait, under InfoSeek's subcodes, there's \"carecoordination\" as well. Hmm, but the main focus here is on the drug itself. \n\nAlternatively, since the patient is asking about a prescription, it's about seeking information related to drugs. So the primary code would be InfoSeek with the subcode Drugs. The span here would be \"new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg\" or the entire clause, but the minimal span should be the core part. \"Meloxicam 15mg\" is the drug, but the request is for a new prescription, so \"new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg\" captures the action. \n\nIs there another code? The \"if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue\" part might relate to seeking approval from the provider, but that's more about the condition. The main intent is the patient seeking to get the prescription, so sticking with InfoSeek-Drugs makes sense. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The other parts like the appointment in the next sentence aren't part of the current sentence's span. So the final answer should be InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, and the span is \"new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg\"}]}"
] |
41 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person1 also needs a new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg, if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue taking it.\n Current sentence: Last, we had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Dr. Person4 asked me to give Dr. Person3 his mobile tel.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"had a LOCATION appt with\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGiveSDOH", "Sub-code": "HealthCareAccessAndQuality", "Span": "had a LOCATION appt with"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi, you can certainly get the colonoscopy.\n Next sentence: Person1 can cause diarrhea, but that is no reason to hold off on the procedure.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Approval/Reinforcement\", \"Span\": \"you can certainly get the colonoscopy\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Good Morning my friends, Unfortunately I took a nasty slip down five steps MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: I am a little bruised.\n Next sentence: My left hip and tail bone are hurting.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"I am a little bruised\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person1 also needs a new Rx for Meloxicam 15mg, if Dr. Person3 wants him to continue taking it.\n Current sentence: Last, we had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Dr. Person4 asked me to give Dr. Person3 his mobile tel.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
"until": [
"JSON_END"
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"do_sample": false,
"temperature": 0,
"max_gen_toks": 1024
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Last, we had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY.\" The patient is the one speaking here. \n\nFirst, I need to look at the previous and next sentences for context. The previous sentence mentions needing a new prescription for Meloxicam, and the next one talks about Dr. Person4 asking to share his mobile number with Dr. Person3. \n\nNow, focusing on the current sentence: \"Last, we had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY.\" The key parts here are \"LOCATION appt\" and the date. The word \"appt\" is short for appointment. \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the relevant code here is likely InfoGive because the patient is providing information. Specifically, they're giving details about a past appointment. The subcode under InfoGive that fits is SchedulingAppt since it's about an appointment's date and location. \n\nThe span here would be \"we had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\" but the minimal span should be the core part. The exact appointment details are \"LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\", but maybe \"had a LOCATION appt\" is enough. Wait, the subcode SchedulingAppt refers to dates, times, and other info related to seeing a provider. The mention of the location and date fits here. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"LOCATION appt\" and the date are the key parts. The minimal span should be the part that directly relates to the appointment details. So \"we had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\" is the full sentence, but the minimal span would be \"LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\" or even just \"had a LOCATION appt\". \n\nWait, the exact subcode definition for SchedulingAppt includes dates, times, and other info. The current sentence provides the location and date of an appointment. So the span should include both the location and the date. \n\nTherefore, the code is InfoGive with subcode SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\". \n\nI should check if there's another code. The patient is giving information about an appointment, so InfoGive is correct. There's no mention of symptoms or other elements here. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence is about sharing contact info, but that's in the next sentence, so we don't consider that here. \n\nSo the final result should be one entry under InfoGive with SchedulingAppt and the span as mentioned.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Last, we had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY.\" The patient is the one speaking here. \n\nFirst, I need to look at the previous and next sentences for context. The previous sentence mentions needing a new prescription for Meloxicam, and the next one talks about Dr. Person4 asking to share his mobile number with Dr. Person3. \n\nNow, focusing on the current sentence: \"Last, we had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY.\" The key parts here are \"LOCATION appt\" and the date. The word \"appt\" is short for appointment. \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the relevant code here is likely InfoGive because the patient is providing information. Specifically, they're giving details about a past appointment. The subcode under InfoGive that fits is SchedulingAppt since it's about an appointment's date and location. \n\nThe span here would be \"we had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\" but the minimal span should be the core part. The exact appointment details are \"LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\", but maybe \"had a LOCATION appt\" is enough. Wait, the subcode SchedulingAppt refers to dates, times, and other info related to seeing a provider. The mention of the location and date fits here. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"LOCATION appt\" and the date are the key parts. The minimal span should be the part that directly relates to the appointment details. So \"we had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\" is the full sentence, but the minimal span would be \"LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\" or even just \"had a LOCATION appt\". \n\nWait, the exact subcode definition for SchedulingAppt includes dates, times, and other info. The current sentence provides the location and date of an appointment. So the span should include both the location and the date. \n\nTherefore, the code is InfoGive with subcode SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\". \n\nI should check if there's another code. The patient is giving information about an appointment, so InfoGive is correct. There's no mention of symptoms or other elements here. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence is about sharing contact info, but that's in the next sentence, so we don't consider that here. \n\nSo the final result should be one entry under InfoGive with SchedulingAppt and the span as mentioned.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 7d7176a3853777651bac1ec4d76e3dbfb614873116ff09b4f3ed8f07599147fa | 1d30b7e2cd335827d0f761daab4d5bc821f9ede19a6a2b3af316e9a6e5837191 | 85672445d9ea499801bb5b461884617a9918a388a2cc11c6a5e1c3c23b110bd6 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"had a LOCATION appt with\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Last, we had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY.\" The patient is the one speaking here. \n\nFirst, I need to look at the previous and next sentences for context. The previous sentence mentions needing a new prescription for Meloxicam, and the next one talks about Dr. Person4 asking to share his mobile number with Dr. Person3. \n\nNow, focusing on the current sentence: \"Last, we had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY.\" The key parts here are \"LOCATION appt\" and the date. The word \"appt\" is short for appointment. \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the relevant code here is likely InfoGive because the patient is providing information. Specifically, they're giving details about a past appointment. The subcode under InfoGive that fits is SchedulingAppt since it's about an appointment's date and location. \n\nThe span here would be \"we had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\" but the minimal span should be the core part. The exact appointment details are \"LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\", but maybe \"had a LOCATION appt\" is enough. Wait, the subcode SchedulingAppt refers to dates, times, and other info related to seeing a provider. The mention of the location and date fits here. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"LOCATION appt\" and the date are the key parts. The minimal span should be the part that directly relates to the appointment details. So \"we had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\" is the full sentence, but the minimal span would be \"LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\" or even just \"had a LOCATION appt\". \n\nWait, the exact subcode definition for SchedulingAppt includes dates, times, and other info. The current sentence provides the location and date of an appointment. So the span should include both the location and the date. \n\nTherefore, the code is InfoGive with subcode SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\". \n\nI should check if there's another code. The patient is giving information about an appointment, so InfoGive is correct. There's no mention of symptoms or other elements here. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence is about sharing contact info, but that's in the next sentence, so we don't consider that here. \n\nSo the final result should be one entry under InfoGive with SchedulingAppt and the span as mentioned.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"had a LOCATION appt with Dr. Person4 MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
] |
42 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: ), XXX-XXX-XXXX (off.)\n Current sentence: We met with Dr. Person5 MM/DD/YYYY; she will also be in touch with Dr. Person4.\n Next sentence: Thank you, One and All, Person6\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"We met with Dr. Person5\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"she will also be in touch with Dr. Person4\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "carecoordination", "Span": "We met with Dr. Person5"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "carecoordination", "Span": "she will also be in touch with Dr. Person4"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hello Dr. Person1, It has been 2 years since my neck surgery and I am still having issues with my eyelid drooping and the pupil not dilating.\n Current sentence: You had thought that the surgical clamp may have caused pressure on the nerve sheath and that this would resolve itself and eventually return to normal.\n Next sentence: Should I still expect that to be the case or would surgery to address the drooping lid be a better option?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Prognosis\", \"Span\": \"You had thought that the surgical clamp may have caused pressure on the nerve sheath and that this would resolve itself and eventually return to normal\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I vomit at times.\n Current sentence: I sleep raised up.\n Next sentence: Are there any suggestions as to what I can take?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"I sleep raised up\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: ), XXX-XXX-XXXX (off.)\n Current sentence: We met with Dr. Person5 MM/DD/YYYY; she will also be in touch with Dr. Person4.\n Next sentence: Thank you, One and All, Person6\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient's message. The current sentence is \"We met with Dr. Person5 MM/DD/YYYY; she will also be in touch with Dr. Person4.\" The previous sentence is a phone number, and the next is a thank you note.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is discussing a meeting with a doctor and mentions coordination between Dr. Person5 and Dr. Person4. This seems related to care coordination. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive has a subcode called carecoordination, which is about organizing healthcare services. The sentence mentions that Dr. Person5 will be in touch with Dr. Person4, indicating communication between providers, which fits care coordination. \n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient, specifically 'connection' or 'build trust', but the sentence is more about the providers coordinating rather than the patient's role in the partnership. \n\nThe subcode 'carecoordination' under InfoGive is the best fit here. The span would be \"she will also be in touch with Dr. Person4\" because that's the part about the providers communicating. \n\nI should check if there are other codes. InfoSeek isn't applicable here since the patient isn't seeking info. The mention of the meeting date might be part of the context but isn't the main point. The key action is the coordination between doctors. \n\nSo the final result should be InfoGive with carecoordination subcode and the specified span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"she will also be in touch with Dr. Person4\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient's message. The current sentence is \"We met with Dr. Person5 MM/DD/YYYY; she will also be in touch with Dr. Person4.\" The previous sentence is a phone number, and the next is a thank you note.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is discussing a meeting with a doctor and mentions coordination between Dr. Person5 and Dr. Person4. This seems related to care coordination. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive has a subcode called carecoordination, which is about organizing healthcare services. The sentence mentions that Dr. Person5 will be in touch with Dr. Person4, indicating communication between providers, which fits care coordination. \n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient, specifically 'connection' or 'build trust', but the sentence is more about the providers coordinating rather than the patient's role in the partnership. \n\nThe subcode 'carecoordination' under InfoGive is the best fit here. The span would be \"she will also be in touch with Dr. Person4\" because that's the part about the providers communicating. \n\nI should check if there are other codes. InfoSeek isn't applicable here since the patient isn't seeking info. The mention of the meeting date might be part of the context but isn't the main point. The key action is the coordination between doctors. \n\nSo the final result should be InfoGive with carecoordination subcode and the specified span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"she will also be in touch with Dr. Person4\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | a8f6c685975b6b8801cb8741546303b0873e77eca394a957a9ab7c07376938c1 | 177c1bdb783acc818f46e1979ab4b4a5910872ed36e4541865fb87e0ef297159 | 1cac790cfece4442034deae9f6f7579677dc47e6b8d85572cbd9193ecde1b67f | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"We met with Dr. Person5\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"she will also be in touch with Dr. Person4\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient's message. The current sentence is \"We met with Dr. Person5 MM/DD/YYYY; she will also be in touch with Dr. Person4.\" The previous sentence is a phone number, and the next is a thank you note.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is discussing a meeting with a doctor and mentions coordination between Dr. Person5 and Dr. Person4. This seems related to care coordination. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive has a subcode called carecoordination, which is about organizing healthcare services. The sentence mentions that Dr. Person5 will be in touch with Dr. Person4, indicating communication between providers, which fits care coordination. \n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient, specifically 'connection' or 'build trust', but the sentence is more about the providers coordinating rather than the patient's role in the partnership. \n\nThe subcode 'carecoordination' under InfoGive is the best fit here. The span would be \"she will also be in touch with Dr. Person4\" because that's the part about the providers communicating. \n\nI should check if there are other codes. InfoSeek isn't applicable here since the patient isn't seeking info. The mention of the meeting date might be part of the context but isn't the main point. The key action is the coordination between doctors. \n\nSo the final result should be InfoGive with carecoordination subcode and the specified span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"she will also be in touch with Dr. Person4\"}]}"
] |
43 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: We met with Dr. Person5 MM/DD/YYYY; she will also be in touch with Dr. Person4.\n Current sentence: Thank you, One and All, Person6\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "signoff", "Span": "Thank you"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Please let me know if this date will be okay with you and if mornings or afternoons will be better.\n Current sentence: ar Sincerely, Person3\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Sincerely\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Thanks for your response.\n Current sentence: I look forward to hearing from Dr. Person1 regarding these test results.\n Next sentence: Have a nice day!\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"I look forward to hearing from Dr. Person1 regarding these test results.\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: We met with Dr. Person5 MM/DD/YYYY; she will also be in touch with Dr. Person4.\n Current sentence: Thank you, One and All, Person6\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Thank you, One and All, Person6\" with the previous sentence mentioning a meeting with a doctor and the next sentence being none. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence talks about a meeting with Dr. Person5 and communication with another doctor. The current sentence is a thank you message, and it's the closing sentence since the next is none. \n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The key here is the expression of gratitude. The patient is thanking someone, so I should check the PartnershipPatient code because it involves the patient's actions. Under PartnershipPatient's subcodes, there's \"Appreciation/Gratitude\" which fits here. The span would be \"Thank you, One and All,\" since that's the expression of thanks. \n\nI also need to ensure there's no other code that applies. The other codes like InfoSeek or InfoGive don't fit because there's no information being sought or given. The PartnershipProvider might have a subcode for appreciation, but since the patient is the one speaking, it's under PartnershipPatient. \n\nThe subcode \"Appreciation/Gratitude\" is listed under PartnershipPatient, so that's correct. The span should capture the gratitude part, so \"Thank you, One and All\" is the core phrase. The name \"Person6\" might be the recipient but isn't part of the gratitude expression itself. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. So the final result should pair PartnershipPatient with Appreciation/Gratitude and the corresponding span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you, One and All\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Thank you, One and All, Person6\" with the previous sentence mentioning a meeting with a doctor and the next sentence being none. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence talks about a meeting with Dr. Person5 and communication with another doctor. The current sentence is a thank you message, and it's the closing sentence since the next is none. \n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The key here is the expression of gratitude. The patient is thanking someone, so I should check the PartnershipPatient code because it involves the patient's actions. Under PartnershipPatient's subcodes, there's \"Appreciation/Gratitude\" which fits here. The span would be \"Thank you, One and All,\" since that's the expression of thanks. \n\nI also need to ensure there's no other code that applies. The other codes like InfoSeek or InfoGive don't fit because there's no information being sought or given. The PartnershipProvider might have a subcode for appreciation, but since the patient is the one speaking, it's under PartnershipPatient. \n\nThe subcode \"Appreciation/Gratitude\" is listed under PartnershipPatient, so that's correct. The span should capture the gratitude part, so \"Thank you, One and All\" is the core phrase. The name \"Person6\" might be the recipient but isn't part of the gratitude expression itself. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. So the final result should pair PartnershipPatient with Appreciation/Gratitude and the corresponding span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you, One and All\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 0ffea1df23e08fcbf268b45c8897424941a5b0e64af269b6b9e99f8d0dbe69d6 | f2c04df95f76d1930a6b2443f076ac8bc619fd1489da1eea58e606b9726e7ed9 | ffdd8829f96f47513d9d26d72d672b8834a5bd3ed0a46f546b2fedb30b2d1892 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Thank you, One and All, Person6\" with the previous sentence mentioning a meeting with a doctor and the next sentence being none. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence talks about a meeting with Dr. Person5 and communication with another doctor. The current sentence is a thank you message, and it's the closing sentence since the next is none. \n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The key here is the expression of gratitude. The patient is thanking someone, so I should check the PartnershipPatient code because it involves the patient's actions. Under PartnershipPatient's subcodes, there's \"Appreciation/Gratitude\" which fits here. The span would be \"Thank you, One and All,\" since that's the expression of thanks. \n\nI also need to ensure there's no other code that applies. The other codes like InfoSeek or InfoGive don't fit because there's no information being sought or given. The PartnershipProvider might have a subcode for appreciation, but since the patient is the one speaking, it's under PartnershipPatient. \n\nThe subcode \"Appreciation/Gratitude\" is listed under PartnershipPatient, so that's correct. The span should capture the gratitude part, so \"Thank you, One and All\" is the core phrase. The name \"Person6\" might be the recipient but isn't part of the gratitude expression itself. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. So the final result should pair PartnershipPatient with Appreciation/Gratitude and the corresponding span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you, One and All\"}]}"
] |
44 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi, Thank you for the update and I will take care of these prescriptions now.\n Next sentence: I will also give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone so they can touch base.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you for the update\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"take care of these prescriptions\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "salutation", "Span": "Hi"}, {"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "Appreciation/Gratitude", "Span": "Thank you for the update"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "take care of these prescriptions"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi Person1, I see that you have a prescription for Ativan, you could try that to help you sleep.\n Current sentence: Thanks, Person2, RN\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thanks\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Greetings, Person1 rec'd a notice MM/DD/YYYY (MM/DD/YYYY, letter dated MM/DD/YYYY) of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Hematology and Oncology Indications).\n Next sentence: The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"rec'd a notice MM/DD/YYYY\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"disapproval for the testing\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi, Thank you for the update and I will take care of these prescriptions now.\n Next sentence: I will also give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone so they can touch base.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hi, Thank you for the update and I will take care of these prescriptions now.\" The provider said this. \n\nFirst, I need to check the previous and next sentences. The previous is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions handling prescriptions further, so the current sentence is part of a message starting with a greeting and thanks, then moving to action on prescriptions.\n\nStarting with \"Hi,\" that's a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, the salutation Sub-code under PartnershipProvider makes sense here. The salutation Sub-code is for the start of a message, so \"Hi\" fits there.\n\nNext, \"Thank you for the update\" – that's expressing gratitude. In the PartnershipProvider code, there's an Appreciation/Gratitude subcode. So that's another pair here.\n\nThen, \"I will take care of these prescriptions now\" – this is providing information about handling prescriptions. The InfoGive code's Sub-code could be Instruction, since it's giving a direction or action. Alternatively, maybe Generalinformation? Wait, prescriptions are drugs, so maybe the Drugs subcode under InfoGive? Let me check definitions. InfoGive's Drugs subcode is about substances used for treatment. The action here is the provider taking care of the prescriptions, so that's an instruction. So Instruction subcode under InfoGive. \n\nWait, the sentence is the provider stating they will handle the prescriptions. That's an action the provider is taking, so maybe it's an instruction to the patient? Or is it just informing them? Since it's the provider's own action, maybe it's part of care coordination? The carecoordination subcode under InfoGive is about organizing services. But \"take care of these prescriptions\" might be more about giving an instruction or updating on the process. Hmm. Alternatively, the Drugs subcode could be relevant because it's about prescriptions. The definition for Drugs in InfoGive includes prescription meds. So \"prescriptions\" is the key here. The action is the provider handling them, so maybe that's an instruction to the patient, like informing them that the provider will process the prescriptions. So Instruction subcode under InfoGive. \n\nSo the three parts here are:\n\n1. \"Hi\" → PartnershipProvider salutation\n2. \"Thank you\" → PartnershipProvider Appreciation/Gratitude\n3. \"take care of these prescriptions now\" → InfoGive Instruction, with the span being \"take care of these prescriptions\"\n\nWait, but the exact span for the third part should be the minimal phrase. The key part is \"take care of these prescriptions\" as the action. The \"now\" is just a time indicator but the main instruction is the action on the prescriptions.\n\nSo the three Code-Subcode pairs would be:\n\n- PartnershipProvider: salutation (Hi)\n- PartnershipProvider: Appreciation/Gratitude (Thank you)\n- InfoGive: Instruction (take care of these prescriptions)\n\nWait, but the sentence structure: \"Thank you for the update and I will take care...\" So \"Thank you\" is part of the Appreciation, and the rest is the instruction. \n\nAlso, check if there's any other codes. The next sentence mentions giving a cell phone to a doctor, which is about communication, but that's in the next sentence, so not part of the current span.\n\nAnother check: The \"prescriptions\" part could also relate to Drugs subcode under InfoGive. The Drugs subcode is about substances used for treatment. Since the provider is handling the prescriptions, maybe the mention of prescriptions is the key. The action is the provider's instruction, so the subcode is Instruction. The Drugs subcode would be if they were talking about the drugs themselves, like dosage, etc. Here, it's about processing the prescriptions, so Instruction is better.\n\nSo the final pairs should be the three I listed. Let me confirm the codes again.\n\nPartnershipProvider's salutation is correct for \"Hi\" as the opening.\n\nAppreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider for \"Thank you\".\n\nInfoGive's Instruction for the action on prescriptions.\n\nYes, that seems right.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"take care of these prescriptions\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hi, Thank you for the update and I will take care of these prescriptions now.\" The provider said this. \n\nFirst, I need to check the previous and next sentences. The previous is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions handling prescriptions further, so the current sentence is part of a message starting with a greeting and thanks, then moving to action on prescriptions.\n\nStarting with \"Hi,\" that's a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, the salutation Sub-code under PartnershipProvider makes sense here. The salutation Sub-code is for the start of a message, so \"Hi\" fits there.\n\nNext, \"Thank you for the update\" – that's expressing gratitude. In the PartnershipProvider code, there's an Appreciation/Gratitude subcode. So that's another pair here.\n\nThen, \"I will take care of these prescriptions now\" – this is providing information about handling prescriptions. The InfoGive code's Sub-code could be Instruction, since it's giving a direction or action. Alternatively, maybe Generalinformation? Wait, prescriptions are drugs, so maybe the Drugs subcode under InfoGive? Let me check definitions. InfoGive's Drugs subcode is about substances used for treatment. The action here is the provider taking care of the prescriptions, so that's an instruction. So Instruction subcode under InfoGive. \n\nWait, the sentence is the provider stating they will handle the prescriptions. That's an action the provider is taking, so maybe it's an instruction to the patient? Or is it just informing them? Since it's the provider's own action, maybe it's part of care coordination? The carecoordination subcode under InfoGive is about organizing services. But \"take care of these prescriptions\" might be more about giving an instruction or updating on the process. Hmm. Alternatively, the Drugs subcode could be relevant because it's about prescriptions. The definition for Drugs in InfoGive includes prescription meds. So \"prescriptions\" is the key here. The action is the provider handling them, so maybe that's an instruction to the patient, like informing them that the provider will process the prescriptions. So Instruction subcode under InfoGive. \n\nSo the three parts here are:\n\n1. \"Hi\" → PartnershipProvider salutation\n2. \"Thank you\" → PartnershipProvider Appreciation/Gratitude\n3. \"take care of these prescriptions now\" → InfoGive Instruction, with the span being \"take care of these prescriptions\"\n\nWait, but the exact span for the third part should be the minimal phrase. The key part is \"take care of these prescriptions\" as the action. The \"now\" is just a time indicator but the main instruction is the action on the prescriptions.\n\nSo the three Code-Subcode pairs would be:\n\n- PartnershipProvider: salutation (Hi)\n- PartnershipProvider: Appreciation/Gratitude (Thank you)\n- InfoGive: Instruction (take care of these prescriptions)\n\nWait, but the sentence structure: \"Thank you for the update and I will take care...\" So \"Thank you\" is part of the Appreciation, and the rest is the instruction. \n\nAlso, check if there's any other codes. The next sentence mentions giving a cell phone to a doctor, which is about communication, but that's in the next sentence, so not part of the current span.\n\nAnother check: The \"prescriptions\" part could also relate to Drugs subcode under InfoGive. The Drugs subcode is about substances used for treatment. Since the provider is handling the prescriptions, maybe the mention of prescriptions is the key. The action is the provider's instruction, so the subcode is Instruction. The Drugs subcode would be if they were talking about the drugs themselves, like dosage, etc. Here, it's about processing the prescriptions, so Instruction is better.\n\nSo the final pairs should be the three I listed. Let me confirm the codes again.\n\nPartnershipProvider's salutation is correct for \"Hi\" as the opening.\n\nAppreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider for \"Thank you\".\n\nInfoGive's Instruction for the action on prescriptions.\n\nYes, that seems right.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"take care of these prescriptions\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | c38ceb2d1b89e2ffed2c1f5cb4d2cb8e3c2fb4625ec60613bb674467e3ffcf9a | 7c540aba14dd08fac150711300daadd8ecb15ecea8947efe57bd44d1c59f7461 | 6d82dbabd677a4e71688ed34cd201c3904eb52fde4ea30ef33e1263f21dd92a5 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you for the update\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"take care of these prescriptions\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hi, Thank you for the update and I will take care of these prescriptions now.\" The provider said this. \n\nFirst, I need to check the previous and next sentences. The previous is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions handling prescriptions further, so the current sentence is part of a message starting with a greeting and thanks, then moving to action on prescriptions.\n\nStarting with \"Hi,\" that's a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, the salutation Sub-code under PartnershipProvider makes sense here. The salutation Sub-code is for the start of a message, so \"Hi\" fits there.\n\nNext, \"Thank you for the update\" – that's expressing gratitude. In the PartnershipProvider code, there's an Appreciation/Gratitude subcode. So that's another pair here.\n\nThen, \"I will take care of these prescriptions now\" – this is providing information about handling prescriptions. The InfoGive code's Sub-code could be Instruction, since it's giving a direction or action. Alternatively, maybe Generalinformation? Wait, prescriptions are drugs, so maybe the Drugs subcode under InfoGive? Let me check definitions. InfoGive's Drugs subcode is about substances used for treatment. The action here is the provider taking care of the prescriptions, so that's an instruction. So Instruction subcode under InfoGive. \n\nWait, the sentence is the provider stating they will handle the prescriptions. That's an action the provider is taking, so maybe it's an instruction to the patient? Or is it just informing them? Since it's the provider's own action, maybe it's part of care coordination? The carecoordination subcode under InfoGive is about organizing services. But \"take care of these prescriptions\" might be more about giving an instruction or updating on the process. Hmm. Alternatively, the Drugs subcode could be relevant because it's about prescriptions. The definition for Drugs in InfoGive includes prescription meds. So \"prescriptions\" is the key here. The action is the provider handling them, so maybe that's an instruction to the patient, like informing them that the provider will process the prescriptions. So Instruction subcode under InfoGive. \n\nSo the three parts here are:\n\n1. \"Hi\" → PartnershipProvider salutation\n2. \"Thank you\" → PartnershipProvider Appreciation/Gratitude\n3. \"take care of these prescriptions now\" → InfoGive Instruction, with the span being \"take care of these prescriptions\"\n\nWait, but the exact span for the third part should be the minimal phrase. The key part is \"take care of these prescriptions\" as the action. The \"now\" is just a time indicator but the main instruction is the action on the prescriptions.\n\nSo the three Code-Subcode pairs would be:\n\n- PartnershipProvider: salutation (Hi)\n- PartnershipProvider: Appreciation/Gratitude (Thank you)\n- InfoGive: Instruction (take care of these prescriptions)\n\nWait, but the sentence structure: \"Thank you for the update and I will take care...\" So \"Thank you\" is part of the Appreciation, and the rest is the instruction. \n\nAlso, check if there's any other codes. The next sentence mentions giving a cell phone to a doctor, which is about communication, but that's in the next sentence, so not part of the current span.\n\nAnother check: The \"prescriptions\" part could also relate to Drugs subcode under InfoGive. The Drugs subcode is about substances used for treatment. Since the provider is handling the prescriptions, maybe the mention of prescriptions is the key. The action is the provider's instruction, so the subcode is Instruction. The Drugs subcode would be if they were talking about the drugs themselves, like dosage, etc. Here, it's about processing the prescriptions, so Instruction is better.\n\nSo the final pairs should be the three I listed. Let me confirm the codes again.\n\nPartnershipProvider's salutation is correct for \"Hi\" as the opening.\n\nAppreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider for \"Thank you\".\n\nInfoGive's Instruction for the action on prescriptions.\n\nYes, that seems right.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"take care of these prescriptions\"}]}"
] |
45 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi, Thank you for the update and I will take care of these prescriptions now.\n Current sentence: I will also give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone so they can touch base.\n Next sentence: I have heard from LOCATION (the company that is running that genomic testing kit that Person3 had drawn MM/DD/YYYY).\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "carecoordination", "Span": "give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person4 Person1, Person6, Dr. Person2 ordered the cat scan for MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Your tumor marker, CEA, was down from the time before.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"ordered the cat scan for MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person1, Yes.\n Next sentence: That would be great! Maybe see you next week when I come in.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Alignment\", \"Span\": \"Yes\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi, Thank you for the update and I will take care of these prescriptions now.\n Current sentence: I will also give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone so they can touch base.\n Next sentence: I have heard from LOCATION (the company that is running that genomic testing kit that Person3 had drawn MM/DD/YYYY).\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"I will also give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone so they can touch base.\" The previous sentence mentions handling prescriptions and thanks the patient, and the next sentence talks about genomic testing.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the codes and subcodes. Let's start with the current sentence. The provider is saying they'll give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2's cell phone number so they can communicate. \n\nLooking at the codes, \"PartnershipProvider\" comes to mind because it's about collaboration between providers. The action here is facilitating communication between doctors, which is part of care coordination. The subcode under PartnershipProvider could be \"inviteCollaboration\" since they're enabling the doctors to touch base. \n\nAnother possible code is \"InfoGive\" because the provider is giving information (the cell phone number). The subcode here would be \"carecoordination\" since it's about coordinating care between providers. \n\nWait, but \"carecoordination\" is a subcode under both InfoGive and PartnershipProvider. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nFor PartnershipProvider's subcodes, \"inviteCollaboration\" is about inviting patients to collaborate, but here it's about providers collaborating. Hmm, maybe \"maintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider? The definition says keeping the patient informed, but here it's about providers communicating. \n\nAlternatively, \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive's subcodes fits because it's about organizing healthcare services. The action of sharing contact info to facilitate communication between providers is part of care coordination. \n\nSo the first pair would be InfoGive with carecoordination, span \"give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone\". \n\nAdditionally, the purpose is so they can \"touch base\", which is about maintaining communication. Maybe that's another subcode. Wait, \"maintainCommunication\" is a subcode under PartnershipProvider. The provider is ensuring that the doctors can communicate, which maintains the patient's care process. \n\nSo two pairs here: \n\n1. InfoGive -> carecoordination: \"give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone\"\n2. PartnershipProvider -> maintainCommunication: \"so they can touch base\"\n\nWait, but the span for the second part is \"so they can touch base\". The subcode \"maintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider's definition is about keeping the patient informed. But here, it's about the providers communicating. Maybe \"maintainCommunication\" still applies because it's part of keeping the patient's care coordinated. \n\nAlternatively, \"inviteCollaboration\" might not fit here since it's between providers, not the patient. \n\nAnother angle: \"touch base\" is a way to ensure ongoing communication, so \"maintainCommunication\" is appropriate. \n\nSo the final pairs would be those two. Let me check the definitions again to confirm. \n\nYes, \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive is about organizing services, so the action of providing contact info fits. \"MaintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider's subcode is about keeping the patient informed, but in this context, it's about the providers staying in touch for the patient's care. Maybe that's still applicable. \n\nAlternatively, \"summarizeConfirmUnderstanding\" under SharedDecisionProvider? No, that's about summarizing info. \n\nAlternatively, \"connection\" under PartnershipProvider? But \"connection\" is for non-medical info to strengthen the relationship, which doesn't fit here. \n\nHmm, maybe \"maintainCommunication\" is the best fit for the second part. \n\nSo the JSON would have two entries. Let me make sure the spans are minimal. \n\nFirst span: \"give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone\" (the action of providing contact info). \n\nSecond span: \"so they can touch base\" (the purpose, indicating maintaining communication). \n\nYes, that seems right. I don't see any other codes here. The previous and next sentences don't add conflicting context. \n\nAnother check: \"touch base\" is a common phrase for maintaining communication, so \"maintainCommunication\" is appropriate. \n\nAlright, that should be it.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"so they can touch base\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"I will also give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone so they can touch base.\" The previous sentence mentions handling prescriptions and thanks the patient, and the next sentence talks about genomic testing.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the codes and subcodes. Let's start with the current sentence. The provider is saying they'll give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2's cell phone number so they can communicate. \n\nLooking at the codes, \"PartnershipProvider\" comes to mind because it's about collaboration between providers. The action here is facilitating communication between doctors, which is part of care coordination. The subcode under PartnershipProvider could be \"inviteCollaboration\" since they're enabling the doctors to touch base. \n\nAnother possible code is \"InfoGive\" because the provider is giving information (the cell phone number). The subcode here would be \"carecoordination\" since it's about coordinating care between providers. \n\nWait, but \"carecoordination\" is a subcode under both InfoGive and PartnershipProvider. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nFor PartnershipProvider's subcodes, \"inviteCollaboration\" is about inviting patients to collaborate, but here it's about providers collaborating. Hmm, maybe \"maintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider? The definition says keeping the patient informed, but here it's about providers communicating. \n\nAlternatively, \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive's subcodes fits because it's about organizing healthcare services. The action of sharing contact info to facilitate communication between providers is part of care coordination. \n\nSo the first pair would be InfoGive with carecoordination, span \"give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone\". \n\nAdditionally, the purpose is so they can \"touch base\", which is about maintaining communication. Maybe that's another subcode. Wait, \"maintainCommunication\" is a subcode under PartnershipProvider. The provider is ensuring that the doctors can communicate, which maintains the patient's care process. \n\nSo two pairs here: \n\n1. InfoGive -> carecoordination: \"give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone\"\n2. PartnershipProvider -> maintainCommunication: \"so they can touch base\"\n\nWait, but the span for the second part is \"so they can touch base\". The subcode \"maintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider's definition is about keeping the patient informed. But here, it's about the providers communicating. Maybe \"maintainCommunication\" still applies because it's part of keeping the patient's care coordinated. \n\nAlternatively, \"inviteCollaboration\" might not fit here since it's between providers, not the patient. \n\nAnother angle: \"touch base\" is a way to ensure ongoing communication, so \"maintainCommunication\" is appropriate. \n\nSo the final pairs would be those two. Let me check the definitions again to confirm. \n\nYes, \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive is about organizing services, so the action of providing contact info fits. \"MaintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider's subcode is about keeping the patient informed, but in this context, it's about the providers staying in touch for the patient's care. Maybe that's still applicable. \n\nAlternatively, \"summarizeConfirmUnderstanding\" under SharedDecisionProvider? No, that's about summarizing info. \n\nAlternatively, \"connection\" under PartnershipProvider? But \"connection\" is for non-medical info to strengthen the relationship, which doesn't fit here. \n\nHmm, maybe \"maintainCommunication\" is the best fit for the second part. \n\nSo the JSON would have two entries. Let me make sure the spans are minimal. \n\nFirst span: \"give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone\" (the action of providing contact info). \n\nSecond span: \"so they can touch base\" (the purpose, indicating maintaining communication). \n\nYes, that seems right. I don't see any other codes here. The previous and next sentences don't add conflicting context. \n\nAnother check: \"touch base\" is a common phrase for maintaining communication, so \"maintainCommunication\" is appropriate. \n\nAlright, that should be it.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"so they can touch base\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 4fb2f8c80819878ff9f3c0d9d662f877ef9504a40a8c7c6a31c98ac964217869 | 22be9e0ba8319af0c7f415a2df6d5f15d187a10e4ff6d38a88c8e163e9143733 | 8cbef47ac01c643bfd6539dbae1d2f9c52a2575714654fe611a572ab4f438a99 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"I will also give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone so they can touch base.\" The previous sentence mentions handling prescriptions and thanks the patient, and the next sentence talks about genomic testing.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the codes and subcodes. Let's start with the current sentence. The provider is saying they'll give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2's cell phone number so they can communicate. \n\nLooking at the codes, \"PartnershipProvider\" comes to mind because it's about collaboration between providers. The action here is facilitating communication between doctors, which is part of care coordination. The subcode under PartnershipProvider could be \"inviteCollaboration\" since they're enabling the doctors to touch base. \n\nAnother possible code is \"InfoGive\" because the provider is giving information (the cell phone number). The subcode here would be \"carecoordination\" since it's about coordinating care between providers. \n\nWait, but \"carecoordination\" is a subcode under both InfoGive and PartnershipProvider. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nFor PartnershipProvider's subcodes, \"inviteCollaboration\" is about inviting patients to collaborate, but here it's about providers collaborating. Hmm, maybe \"maintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider? The definition says keeping the patient informed, but here it's about providers communicating. \n\nAlternatively, \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive's subcodes fits because it's about organizing healthcare services. The action of sharing contact info to facilitate communication between providers is part of care coordination. \n\nSo the first pair would be InfoGive with carecoordination, span \"give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone\". \n\nAdditionally, the purpose is so they can \"touch base\", which is about maintaining communication. Maybe that's another subcode. Wait, \"maintainCommunication\" is a subcode under PartnershipProvider. The provider is ensuring that the doctors can communicate, which maintains the patient's care process. \n\nSo two pairs here: \n\n1. InfoGive -> carecoordination: \"give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone\"\n2. PartnershipProvider -> maintainCommunication: \"so they can touch base\"\n\nWait, but the span for the second part is \"so they can touch base\". The subcode \"maintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider's definition is about keeping the patient informed. But here, it's about the providers communicating. Maybe \"maintainCommunication\" still applies because it's part of keeping the patient's care coordinated. \n\nAlternatively, \"inviteCollaboration\" might not fit here since it's between providers, not the patient. \n\nAnother angle: \"touch base\" is a way to ensure ongoing communication, so \"maintainCommunication\" is appropriate. \n\nSo the final pairs would be those two. Let me check the definitions again to confirm. \n\nYes, \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive is about organizing services, so the action of providing contact info fits. \"MaintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider's subcode is about keeping the patient informed, but in this context, it's about the providers staying in touch for the patient's care. Maybe that's still applicable. \n\nAlternatively, \"summarizeConfirmUnderstanding\" under SharedDecisionProvider? No, that's about summarizing info. \n\nAlternatively, \"connection\" under PartnershipProvider? But \"connection\" is for non-medical info to strengthen the relationship, which doesn't fit here. \n\nHmm, maybe \"maintainCommunication\" is the best fit for the second part. \n\nSo the JSON would have two entries. Let me make sure the spans are minimal. \n\nFirst span: \"give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone\" (the action of providing contact info). \n\nSecond span: \"so they can touch base\" (the purpose, indicating maintaining communication). \n\nYes, that seems right. I don't see any other codes here. The previous and next sentences don't add conflicting context. \n\nAnother check: \"touch base\" is a common phrase for maintaining communication, so \"maintainCommunication\" is appropriate. \n\nAlright, that should be it.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"give Dr. Person1 Dr. Person2 cell phone\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"so they can touch base\"}]}"
] |
46 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I have heard from LOCATION (the company that is running that genomic testing kit that Person3 had drawn MM/DD/YYYY).\n Current sentence: I need him to come to the office and sign a paper as the institution where the pathology is, requires a signature from the patient.\n Next sentence: Is he able to come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign?\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"I need him to come to the office and sign a paper\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "carecoordination", "Span": "I need him to come to the office and sign a paper"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Good Morning Person, Hello.\n Next sentence: I am Person1 the Rad ONc Nurse Coordinator.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Good Morning \"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hello Person1, The swelling in both lower legs/ankles is chronic and I think it would be helpful if I could see a lymphedema specialist at Org3.\n Current sentence: Could you please make a referral for me.\n Next sentence: Much appreciated, Person2\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Could you please make a referral for me\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I have heard from LOCATION (the company that is running that genomic testing kit that Person3 had drawn MM/DD/YYYY).\n Current sentence: I need him to come to the office and sign a paper as the institution where the pathology is, requires a signature from the patient.\n Next sentence: Is he able to come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign?\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"I need him to come to the office and sign a paper as the institution where the pathology is, requires a signature from the patient.\" The provider is talking here.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions a genomic testing kit from a company and a date. The current sentence is about needing the patient to come to the office to sign a paper because the institution requires it. The next sentence asks if the patient can come on a specific date.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes. The main action here is the provider informing the patient that they need to come in for a signature. That sounds like InfoGive, specifically under carecoordination because it's about scheduling or arranging a visit for administrative purposes. The subcode for carecoordination under InfoGive is indeed listed. \n\nThe sentence also mentions the requirement from the institution, which is part of the reason, but the key part is the instruction to come in. The span here would be \"I need him to come to the office and sign a paper\" as that's the directive. \n\nIs there another code? Maybe PartnershipProvider? Let me check. The PartnershipProvider code includes things like maintaining communication or building trust. But the main focus here is giving an instruction, so InfoGive's carecoordination is more accurate. \n\nNo other subcodes seem to fit. The next sentence is a follow-up question, but the current sentence is the instruction. So the correct code is InfoGive with Sub-code carecoordination. The span is the part about needing to come to the office and sign.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"I need him to come to the office and sign a paper\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"I need him to come to the office and sign a paper as the institution where the pathology is, requires a signature from the patient.\" The provider is talking here.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions a genomic testing kit from a company and a date. The current sentence is about needing the patient to come to the office to sign a paper because the institution requires it. The next sentence asks if the patient can come on a specific date.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes. The main action here is the provider informing the patient that they need to come in for a signature. That sounds like InfoGive, specifically under carecoordination because it's about scheduling or arranging a visit for administrative purposes. The subcode for carecoordination under InfoGive is indeed listed. \n\nThe sentence also mentions the requirement from the institution, which is part of the reason, but the key part is the instruction to come in. The span here would be \"I need him to come to the office and sign a paper\" as that's the directive. \n\nIs there another code? Maybe PartnershipProvider? Let me check. The PartnershipProvider code includes things like maintaining communication or building trust. But the main focus here is giving an instruction, so InfoGive's carecoordination is more accurate. \n\nNo other subcodes seem to fit. The next sentence is a follow-up question, but the current sentence is the instruction. So the correct code is InfoGive with Sub-code carecoordination. The span is the part about needing to come to the office and sign.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"I need him to come to the office and sign a paper\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 8a382d6c9ba6261ebdc69d0b9416cbf1d5f18fbea62f117dd212e6dd362a8399 | 2e51479ff4b716c1368a53f25dff76e5fe1759818794b2bcb4938867b3560450 | 0706b336244d5c5121e9389e7ef45618d1c3773ddc47eaaeacba248835e25ea2 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"I need him to come to the office and sign a paper\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"I need him to come to the office and sign a paper as the institution where the pathology is, requires a signature from the patient.\" The provider is talking here.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions a genomic testing kit from a company and a date. The current sentence is about needing the patient to come to the office to sign a paper because the institution requires it. The next sentence asks if the patient can come on a specific date.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes. The main action here is the provider informing the patient that they need to come in for a signature. That sounds like InfoGive, specifically under carecoordination because it's about scheduling or arranging a visit for administrative purposes. The subcode for carecoordination under InfoGive is indeed listed. \n\nThe sentence also mentions the requirement from the institution, which is part of the reason, but the key part is the instruction to come in. The span here would be \"I need him to come to the office and sign a paper\" as that's the directive. \n\nIs there another code? Maybe PartnershipProvider? Let me check. The PartnershipProvider code includes things like maintaining communication or building trust. But the main focus here is giving an instruction, so InfoGive's carecoordination is more accurate. \n\nNo other subcodes seem to fit. The next sentence is a follow-up question, but the current sentence is the instruction. So the correct code is InfoGive with Sub-code carecoordination. The span is the part about needing to come to the office and sign.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"I need him to come to the office and sign a paper\"}]}"
] |
47 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I need him to come to the office and sign a paper as the institution where the pathology is, requires a signature from the patient.\n Current sentence: Is he able to come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign?\n Next sentence: Thank you Person4\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Is he able to come to the office\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoSeek", "Sub-code": "Generalinformation", "Span": "Is he able to come to the office"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Yes you would need labs before you start your next cycle.\n Current sentence: Order for labs are being placed.\n Next sentence: Kind Regards\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"Order for labs are being placed\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: In speaking with the vascular cardiologist there is also question mark as to whether there really was a partial blood clot in my vein as well.\n Current sentence: Would love to get back on to the Eliquis if I can.\n Next sentence: Thanks, Person2\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"statePreferences\", \"Span\": \"Would love to get back on to the Eliquis if I can\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I need him to come to the office and sign a paper as the institution where the pathology is, requires a signature from the patient.\n Current sentence: Is he able to come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign?\n Next sentence: Thank you Person4\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Is he able to come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign?\" and it's from the provider. \n\nFirst, I need to look at the context. The previous sentence mentions needing the patient to come to the office to sign a paper because the institution requires it. The next sentence is a thank you, which might be a closing.\n\nThe current sentence is asking if the patient can come on a specific date. That sounds like scheduling an appointment. Let me check the codes. \n\nLooking at Code: InfoGive, Sub-code SchedulingAppt. The definition for SchedulingAppt under InfoGive is about dates and times for appointments. The provider is asking about a specific date, so that fits. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under PartnershipProvider? The PartnershipProvider code includes things like maintaining communication or inviting collaboration. But the main action here is scheduling, so probably not. \n\nAnother check: InfoSeek's SchedulingAppt sub-code is when the patient is seeking info about appointments. But since the provider is asking, it's more about providing the scheduling info. \n\nSo the main code here is InfoGive with Sub-code SchedulingAppt. The span would be \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign\" but the exact minimal span. The key part is the date and the action. The exact phrase \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\" includes the date, so maybe \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign\" but the question is phrased as \"Is he able to come...\". The core part indicating scheduling is \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign\". But the minimal span might be \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY\" or the date itself. Wait, the sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times. The specific date here is MM/DD/YYYY, so the span should include that. The exact phrase with the date is the key. \n\nTherefore, the Code is InfoGive, Sub-code SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\". But the full question is phrased as a request to come on that date. Maybe the entire \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign\" is the span, but the minimal would be the part that directly refers to the scheduling. The date is crucial here. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is a question about scheduling, so the minimal span that captures the scheduling intent is \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY\". The \"to sign\" is the reason, but the scheduling part is the date and the action. \n\nSo the final answer should be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}\n\nWait, but the exact wording in the sentence is \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\". The \"sometime\" might be part of the date reference. Alternatively, the entire phrase \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign\" is the action, but the sub-code is about the dates and times. The key part is the specific date given. So the span should include the date. \n\nAlternatively, maybe the entire question is prompting for scheduling, so the minimal span is \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY\". But the sub-code's definition includes dates and times. The date here is MM/DD/YYYY, so the span should include that. \n\nHmm, perhaps the minimal span is \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\" because that's the specific date information. The rest is the action. \n\nYes, I think that's right. So the code is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Is he able to come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign?\" and it's from the provider. \n\nFirst, I need to look at the context. The previous sentence mentions needing the patient to come to the office to sign a paper because the institution requires it. The next sentence is a thank you, which might be a closing.\n\nThe current sentence is asking if the patient can come on a specific date. That sounds like scheduling an appointment. Let me check the codes. \n\nLooking at Code: InfoGive, Sub-code SchedulingAppt. The definition for SchedulingAppt under InfoGive is about dates and times for appointments. The provider is asking about a specific date, so that fits. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under PartnershipProvider? The PartnershipProvider code includes things like maintaining communication or inviting collaboration. But the main action here is scheduling, so probably not. \n\nAnother check: InfoSeek's SchedulingAppt sub-code is when the patient is seeking info about appointments. But since the provider is asking, it's more about providing the scheduling info. \n\nSo the main code here is InfoGive with Sub-code SchedulingAppt. The span would be \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign\" but the exact minimal span. The key part is the date and the action. The exact phrase \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\" includes the date, so maybe \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign\" but the question is phrased as \"Is he able to come...\". The core part indicating scheduling is \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign\". But the minimal span might be \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY\" or the date itself. Wait, the sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times. The specific date here is MM/DD/YYYY, so the span should include that. The exact phrase with the date is the key. \n\nTherefore, the Code is InfoGive, Sub-code SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\". But the full question is phrased as a request to come on that date. Maybe the entire \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign\" is the span, but the minimal would be the part that directly refers to the scheduling. The date is crucial here. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is a question about scheduling, so the minimal span that captures the scheduling intent is \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY\". The \"to sign\" is the reason, but the scheduling part is the date and the action. \n\nSo the final answer should be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}\n\nWait, but the exact wording in the sentence is \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\". The \"sometime\" might be part of the date reference. Alternatively, the entire phrase \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign\" is the action, but the sub-code is about the dates and times. The key part is the specific date given. So the span should include the date. \n\nAlternatively, maybe the entire question is prompting for scheduling, so the minimal span is \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY\". But the sub-code's definition includes dates and times. The date here is MM/DD/YYYY, so the span should include that. \n\nHmm, perhaps the minimal span is \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\" because that's the specific date information. The rest is the action. \n\nYes, I think that's right. So the code is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | f301c26c8fd304c6f4a4b814a982d614f2c609a7fbf0ea88363833e75dc9d0da | 18c10b649020ee0017a6acc46b6875259312bab07c82897579b3ce959bb2e205 | 6a466038b885a85db388daf91362e0645f8328c02760b6c85c83b3d7bd02e60a | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Is he able to come to the office\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Is he able to come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign?\" and it's from the provider. \n\nFirst, I need to look at the context. The previous sentence mentions needing the patient to come to the office to sign a paper because the institution requires it. The next sentence is a thank you, which might be a closing.\n\nThe current sentence is asking if the patient can come on a specific date. That sounds like scheduling an appointment. Let me check the codes. \n\nLooking at Code: InfoGive, Sub-code SchedulingAppt. The definition for SchedulingAppt under InfoGive is about dates and times for appointments. The provider is asking about a specific date, so that fits. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under PartnershipProvider? The PartnershipProvider code includes things like maintaining communication or inviting collaboration. But the main action here is scheduling, so probably not. \n\nAnother check: InfoSeek's SchedulingAppt sub-code is when the patient is seeking info about appointments. But since the provider is asking, it's more about providing the scheduling info. \n\nSo the main code here is InfoGive with Sub-code SchedulingAppt. The span would be \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign\" but the exact minimal span. The key part is the date and the action. The exact phrase \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\" includes the date, so maybe \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign\" but the question is phrased as \"Is he able to come...\". The core part indicating scheduling is \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign\". But the minimal span might be \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY\" or the date itself. Wait, the sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times. The specific date here is MM/DD/YYYY, so the span should include that. The exact phrase with the date is the key. \n\nTherefore, the Code is InfoGive, Sub-code SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\". But the full question is phrased as a request to come on that date. Maybe the entire \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign\" is the span, but the minimal would be the part that directly refers to the scheduling. The date is crucial here. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is a question about scheduling, so the minimal span that captures the scheduling intent is \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY\". The \"to sign\" is the reason, but the scheduling part is the date and the action. \n\nSo the final answer should be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}\n\nWait, but the exact wording in the sentence is \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\". The \"sometime\" might be part of the date reference. Alternatively, the entire phrase \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign\" is the action, but the sub-code is about the dates and times. The key part is the specific date given. So the span should include the date. \n\nAlternatively, maybe the entire question is prompting for scheduling, so the minimal span is \"come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY\". But the sub-code's definition includes dates and times. The date here is MM/DD/YYYY, so the span should include that. \n\nHmm, perhaps the minimal span is \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\" because that's the specific date information. The rest is the action. \n\nYes, I think that's right. So the code is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"sometime MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
] |
48 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Is he able to come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign?\n Current sentence: Thank you Person4\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "signoff", "Span": "Thank you"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi Person1, Happy New Year to you and your family! Please submit a prescription to Person2 for my prosthesis and Four bras.\n Current sentence: They are ok to order but need your prescription.\n Next sentence: Please let me know when submitted.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"They are ok to order but need your prescription\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Why is Person1 bilirubin still elevated and he vomiting with dry heaves Person2\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"Why is Person1 bilirubin still elevated\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"he vomiting with dry heaves\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Is he able to come to the office sometime MM/DD/YYYY to sign?\n Current sentence: Thank you Person4\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider who said, \"Thank you Person4,\" and we need to classify this using the given codes and subcodes.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is asking if the patient can come to the office on a specific date to sign something. The current sentence is \"Thank you Person4,\" and there's no next sentence. \n\nLooking at the codes, I should check which ones apply here. The sentence is a thank you, so it's likely related to socioemotional aspects or partnership codes. Let's go through the codes one by one.\n\nStarting with PartnershipProvider, since the speaker is a provider. The subcodes under PartnershipProvider include Appreciation/Gratitude. The sentence \"Thank you Person4\" is expressing gratitude. The subcode Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider fits here because the provider is thanking someone, likely the patient or another provider, which strengthens their relationship.\n\nI should also check if there's any other code that might apply. The Socioemotional/Empathy code has subcodes like AcknowledgeSituation or Reassurance, but \"thank you\" is more about gratitude. The PartnershipPatient code isn't relevant here since the speaker is a provider. \n\nNo other codes like InfoGive or InfoSeek are involved here because there's no information being given or sought. The main action here is expressing thanks, so the correct code is PartnershipProvider with the subcode Appreciation/Gratitude. The span is \"Thank you Person4\" but since the subcode is about the expression of gratitude, the key part is \"Thank you.\" However, the entire phrase is the expression, so the span should be the whole sentence. Wait, but the instructions say to extract the minimal span. The core part is \"Thank you,\" but including the person's name might be necessary. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nThe subcode Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider includes expressions of gratitude towards the patient's efforts. Since the provider is thanking Person4, the entire phrase is the span. So the code is PartnershipProvider, subcode Appreciation/Gratitude, span \"Thank you Person4\".\n\nI don't see any other possible codes here. The answer should be that.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you Person4\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider who said, \"Thank you Person4,\" and we need to classify this using the given codes and subcodes.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is asking if the patient can come to the office on a specific date to sign something. The current sentence is \"Thank you Person4,\" and there's no next sentence. \n\nLooking at the codes, I should check which ones apply here. The sentence is a thank you, so it's likely related to socioemotional aspects or partnership codes. Let's go through the codes one by one.\n\nStarting with PartnershipProvider, since the speaker is a provider. The subcodes under PartnershipProvider include Appreciation/Gratitude. The sentence \"Thank you Person4\" is expressing gratitude. The subcode Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider fits here because the provider is thanking someone, likely the patient or another provider, which strengthens their relationship.\n\nI should also check if there's any other code that might apply. The Socioemotional/Empathy code has subcodes like AcknowledgeSituation or Reassurance, but \"thank you\" is more about gratitude. The PartnershipPatient code isn't relevant here since the speaker is a provider. \n\nNo other codes like InfoGive or InfoSeek are involved here because there's no information being given or sought. The main action here is expressing thanks, so the correct code is PartnershipProvider with the subcode Appreciation/Gratitude. The span is \"Thank you Person4\" but since the subcode is about the expression of gratitude, the key part is \"Thank you.\" However, the entire phrase is the expression, so the span should be the whole sentence. Wait, but the instructions say to extract the minimal span. The core part is \"Thank you,\" but including the person's name might be necessary. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nThe subcode Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider includes expressions of gratitude towards the patient's efforts. Since the provider is thanking Person4, the entire phrase is the span. So the code is PartnershipProvider, subcode Appreciation/Gratitude, span \"Thank you Person4\".\n\nI don't see any other possible codes here. The answer should be that.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you Person4\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 8de02ae42f9924ca06b4d6f596465ed6c965901be16a54704aaecfed2b49429a | 176904a6cae8d4aa3568373f307fe506fd6d78be227fb139a1f262b65120e60c | 76d642e8cd88e574d1e179eb7217dcf52e73042ba44766da6ef7d69e3627c9ec | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider who said, \"Thank you Person4,\" and we need to classify this using the given codes and subcodes.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is asking if the patient can come to the office on a specific date to sign something. The current sentence is \"Thank you Person4,\" and there's no next sentence. \n\nLooking at the codes, I should check which ones apply here. The sentence is a thank you, so it's likely related to socioemotional aspects or partnership codes. Let's go through the codes one by one.\n\nStarting with PartnershipProvider, since the speaker is a provider. The subcodes under PartnershipProvider include Appreciation/Gratitude. The sentence \"Thank you Person4\" is expressing gratitude. The subcode Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider fits here because the provider is thanking someone, likely the patient or another provider, which strengthens their relationship.\n\nI should also check if there's any other code that might apply. The Socioemotional/Empathy code has subcodes like AcknowledgeSituation or Reassurance, but \"thank you\" is more about gratitude. The PartnershipPatient code isn't relevant here since the speaker is a provider. \n\nNo other codes like InfoGive or InfoSeek are involved here because there's no information being given or sought. The main action here is expressing thanks, so the correct code is PartnershipProvider with the subcode Appreciation/Gratitude. The span is \"Thank you Person4\" but since the subcode is about the expression of gratitude, the key part is \"Thank you.\" However, the entire phrase is the expression, so the span should be the whole sentence. Wait, but the instructions say to extract the minimal span. The core part is \"Thank you,\" but including the person's name might be necessary. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nThe subcode Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider includes expressions of gratitude towards the patient's efforts. Since the provider is thanking Person4, the entire phrase is the span. So the code is PartnershipProvider, subcode Appreciation/Gratitude, span \"Thank you Person4\".\n\nI don't see any other possible codes here. The answer should be that.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you Person4\"}]}"
] |
49 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hello Person1, thank you and All for your help! Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY; he's not in shape to get to the office.\n Next sentence: I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"thank you and All for your help!\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"is having a tough day with pain\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"he's not in shape\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "salutation", "Span": "Hello"}, {"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "Appreciation/Gratitude", "Span": "thank you and All for your help!"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Symptoms", "Span": "is having a tough day with pain"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Symptoms", "Span": "he's not in shape"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Good morning, Person1, I had reported to my work that I tested positive for covid since I had gone into the office.\n Current sentence: Now to be able to go back in again I need a note clearing me.\n Next sentence: I don go in often, but I do like having the option on my good days.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Now to be able to go back in again I need a note clearing me\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person1, Yes reviewed with Dr Person2.\n Next sentence: The level came back low .\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Yes reviewed with Dr Person2\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hello Person1, thank you and All for your help! Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY; he's not in shape to get to the office.\n Next sentence: I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
"until": [
"JSON_END"
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"do_sample": false,
"temperature": 0,
"max_gen_toks": 1024
}
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from a patient and says: \"Hello Person1, thank you and All for your help! Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY; he's not in shape to get to the office.\" \n\nFirst, I need to analyze the context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions looking for a permission document from a lab, which might relate to care coordination or administrative info.\n\nStarting with the current sentence. The first part is \"Hello Person1, thank you and All for your help!\" This includes a greeting (\"Hello\") and an expression of gratitude (\"thank you\"). \n\nLooking at the codes, \"PartnershipPatient\" has a sub-code \"salutation\" which is a greeting at the start of the message. Since this is the opening sentence, \"Hello\" fits here. Also, \"thank you\" would fall under \"Appreciation/Gratitude\" under the same code. \n\nNext, the second part: \"Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY; he's not in shape to get to the office.\" Here, the patient is informing the provider about Person2's current condition—specifically pain and inability to go to the office. \n\nThe mention of pain is a symptom, so that's under \"InfoGive\" with sub-code \"Symptoms\". The part about not being able to go to the office might relate to care coordination, like explaining why they can't attend an appointment. So \"carecoordination\" under \"InfoGive\" could apply here. \n\nWait, but \"he's not in shape to get to the office\" could also be about the reason for needing a different arrangement, which might be part of care coordination. Alternatively, it could be part of the symptoms leading to that situation. \n\nAlso, the date (MM/DD/YYYY) might be part of the symptom description, indicating when the pain occurred. \n\nNow checking the next sentence: \"I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\" This seems to be about administrative documents, so \"Generalinformation\" under \"InfoGive\" or \"InfoSeek\". But since the patient is informing the provider about their own actions, maybe \"InfoGive\" with \"Generalinformation\" here. But that's in the next sentence, so not part of the current one. \n\nBack to the current sentence. The key elements are the greeting, thanks, and the symptom report. \n\nSo possible codes and subcodes:\n\n1. \"Hello Person1\" → PartnershipPatient: salutation (since it's the start of the message)\n2. \"thank you and All for your help!\" → PartnershipPatient: Appreciation/Gratitude\n3. \"Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY\" → InfoGive: Symptoms (pain is a symptom)\n4. \"he's not in shape to get to the office\" → InfoGive: carecoordination (explaining inability to attend, which relates to scheduling or care arrangements)\n\nWait, but \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive is about organizing services. The inability to go to the office might be part of the reason for needing a different approach, so maybe that's part of the information given about the situation. Alternatively, it could be part of the symptom's impact, but the subcode for Symptoms is about the subjective experience. The part about not being able to go to the office is more about the consequence, so maybe that's part of the general information needed for care coordination. \n\nAlternatively, the entire statement about Person2's condition is providing information about their health status, so the pain is the symptom, and the rest is context. \n\nSo the spans would be:\n\n- \"Hello\" → salutation\n- \"thank you and All for your help!\" → Appreciation/Gratitude\n- \"Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY\" → Symptoms\n- \"he's not in shape to get to the office\" → carecoordination?\n\nWait, but \"he's not in shape to get to the office\" is part of the same sentence as the pain. The pain is the symptom, and the rest is the effect. So maybe the entire \"Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY; he's not in shape to get to the office\" is part of the InfoGive: Symptoms? Or is the inability to go to the office part of the symptoms' impact, but the subcode for Symptoms is about the symptoms themselves. \n\nAlternatively, the inability to go to the office might relate to needing a home visit or alternative arrangement, which would be part of care coordination. \n\nHmm. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nInfoGive's carecoordination subcode is about organizing services. So if the patient is informing that they can't come to the office, that's providing info needed for care coordination. So the span \""
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from a patient and says: \"Hello Person1, thank you and All for your help! Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY; he's not in shape to get to the office.\" \n\nFirst, I need to analyze the context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions looking for a permission document from a lab, which might relate to care coordination or administrative info.\n\nStarting with the current sentence. The first part is \"Hello Person1, thank you and All for your help!\" This includes a greeting (\"Hello\") and an expression of gratitude (\"thank you\"). \n\nLooking at the codes, \"PartnershipPatient\" has a sub-code \"salutation\" which is a greeting at the start of the message. Since this is the opening sentence, \"Hello\" fits here. Also, \"thank you\" would fall under \"Appreciation/Gratitude\" under the same code. \n\nNext, the second part: \"Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY; he's not in shape to get to the office.\" Here, the patient is informing the provider about Person2's current condition—specifically pain and inability to go to the office. \n\nThe mention of pain is a symptom, so that's under \"InfoGive\" with sub-code \"Symptoms\". The part about not being able to go to the office might relate to care coordination, like explaining why they can't attend an appointment. So \"carecoordination\" under \"InfoGive\" could apply here. \n\nWait, but \"he's not in shape to get to the office\" could also be about the reason for needing a different arrangement, which might be part of care coordination. Alternatively, it could be part of the symptoms leading to that situation. \n\nAlso, the date (MM/DD/YYYY) might be part of the symptom description, indicating when the pain occurred. \n\nNow checking the next sentence: \"I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\" This seems to be about administrative documents, so \"Generalinformation\" under \"InfoGive\" or \"InfoSeek\". But since the patient is informing the provider about their own actions, maybe \"InfoGive\" with \"Generalinformation\" here. But that's in the next sentence, so not part of the current one. \n\nBack to the current sentence. The key elements are the greeting, thanks, and the symptom report. \n\nSo possible codes and subcodes:\n\n1. \"Hello Person1\" → PartnershipPatient: salutation (since it's the start of the message)\n2. \"thank you and All for your help!\" → PartnershipPatient: Appreciation/Gratitude\n3. \"Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY\" → InfoGive: Symptoms (pain is a symptom)\n4. \"he's not in shape to get to the office\" → InfoGive: carecoordination (explaining inability to attend, which relates to scheduling or care arrangements)\n\nWait, but \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive is about organizing services. The inability to go to the office might be part of the reason for needing a different approach, so maybe that's part of the information given about the situation. Alternatively, it could be part of the symptom's impact, but the subcode for Symptoms is about the subjective experience. The part about not being able to go to the office is more about the consequence, so maybe that's part of the general information needed for care coordination. \n\nAlternatively, the entire statement about Person2's condition is providing information about their health status, so the pain is the symptom, and the rest is context. \n\nSo the spans would be:\n\n- \"Hello\" → salutation\n- \"thank you and All for your help!\" → Appreciation/Gratitude\n- \"Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY\" → Symptoms\n- \"he's not in shape to get to the office\" → carecoordination?\n\nWait, but \"he's not in shape to get to the office\" is part of the same sentence as the pain. The pain is the symptom, and the rest is the effect. So maybe the entire \"Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY; he's not in shape to get to the office\" is part of the InfoGive: Symptoms? Or is the inability to go to the office part of the symptoms' impact, but the subcode for Symptoms is about the symptoms themselves. \n\nAlternatively, the inability to go to the office might relate to needing a home visit or alternative arrangement, which would be part of care coordination. \n\nHmm. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nInfoGive's carecoordination subcode is about organizing services. So if the patient is informing that they can't come to the office, that's providing info needed for care coordination. So the span \""
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | f842c630032c343c242f8637c673f2a33f5564287d6fbc7e14dac968bd4b8e1a | 259c56031aee69539faa0f4579f152486a9c8d72d12e519d8ad162650a60f97e | 1aa335064816adc19bb4b71c4893fe71fd44b99dbac8eac3af44f3d1b4683380 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"thank you and All for your help!\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"is having a tough day with pain\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"he's not in shape\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from a patient and says: \"Hello Person1, thank you and All for your help! Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY; he's not in shape to get to the office.\" \n\nFirst, I need to analyze the context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions looking for a permission document from a lab, which might relate to care coordination or administrative info.\n\nStarting with the current sentence. The first part is \"Hello Person1, thank you and All for your help!\" This includes a greeting (\"Hello\") and an expression of gratitude (\"thank you\"). \n\nLooking at the codes, \"PartnershipPatient\" has a sub-code \"salutation\" which is a greeting at the start of the message. Since this is the opening sentence, \"Hello\" fits here. Also, \"thank you\" would fall under \"Appreciation/Gratitude\" under the same code. \n\nNext, the second part: \"Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY; he's not in shape to get to the office.\" Here, the patient is informing the provider about Person2's current condition—specifically pain and inability to go to the office. \n\nThe mention of pain is a symptom, so that's under \"InfoGive\" with sub-code \"Symptoms\". The part about not being able to go to the office might relate to care coordination, like explaining why they can't attend an appointment. So \"carecoordination\" under \"InfoGive\" could apply here. \n\nWait, but \"he's not in shape to get to the office\" could also be about the reason for needing a different arrangement, which might be part of care coordination. Alternatively, it could be part of the symptoms leading to that situation. \n\nAlso, the date (MM/DD/YYYY) might be part of the symptom description, indicating when the pain occurred. \n\nNow checking the next sentence: \"I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\" This seems to be about administrative documents, so \"Generalinformation\" under \"InfoGive\" or \"InfoSeek\". But since the patient is informing the provider about their own actions, maybe \"InfoGive\" with \"Generalinformation\" here. But that's in the next sentence, so not part of the current one. \n\nBack to the current sentence. The key elements are the greeting, thanks, and the symptom report. \n\nSo possible codes and subcodes:\n\n1. \"Hello Person1\" → PartnershipPatient: salutation (since it's the start of the message)\n2. \"thank you and All for your help!\" → PartnershipPatient: Appreciation/Gratitude\n3. \"Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY\" → InfoGive: Symptoms (pain is a symptom)\n4. \"he's not in shape to get to the office\" → InfoGive: carecoordination (explaining inability to attend, which relates to scheduling or care arrangements)\n\nWait, but \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive is about organizing services. The inability to go to the office might be part of the reason for needing a different approach, so maybe that's part of the information given about the situation. Alternatively, it could be part of the symptom's impact, but the subcode for Symptoms is about the subjective experience. The part about not being able to go to the office is more about the consequence, so maybe that's part of the general information needed for care coordination. \n\nAlternatively, the entire statement about Person2's condition is providing information about their health status, so the pain is the symptom, and the rest is context. \n\nSo the spans would be:\n\n- \"Hello\" → salutation\n- \"thank you and All for your help!\" → Appreciation/Gratitude\n- \"Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY\" → Symptoms\n- \"he's not in shape to get to the office\" → carecoordination?\n\nWait, but \"he's not in shape to get to the office\" is part of the same sentence as the pain. The pain is the symptom, and the rest is the effect. So maybe the entire \"Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY; he's not in shape to get to the office\" is part of the InfoGive: Symptoms? Or is the inability to go to the office part of the symptoms' impact, but the subcode for Symptoms is about the symptoms themselves. \n\nAlternatively, the inability to go to the office might relate to needing a home visit or alternative arrangement, which would be part of care coordination. \n\nHmm. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nInfoGive's carecoordination subcode is about organizing services. So if the patient is informing that they can't come to the office, that's providing info needed for care coordination. So the span \""
] |
50 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hello Person1, thank you and All for your help! Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY; he's not in shape to get to the office.\n Current sentence: I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\n Next sentence: I'll let you know as soon as that is completed.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "carecoordination", "Span": "I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: I have a question about PSA, TOTAL (POST DIAGNOSIS) (BH GH LMW YH) resulted on MM/DD/YYYY at MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Hi hi this 1.5 is good.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"I have a question about PSA, TOTAL (POST DIAGNOSIS) (BH GH LMW YH) resulted on MM/DD/YYYY at MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person1 at Org4 Home Care needs a doctor to Sign off on a home care order.\n Current sentence: Can Dr Person3 do that?\n Next sentence: We thought it would Be a good idea to have someone check on my dad with all that has been going on and his short term memory issues.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Can Dr Person3 do that?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hello Person1, thank you and All for your help! Person2 is having a tough day with pain MM/DD/YYYY; he's not in shape to get to the office.\n Current sentence: I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\n Next sentence: I'll let you know as soon as that is completed.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions someone having a tough day with pain and not being able to get to the office. The current sentence is about looking for a specific document related to patient approval from a lab. The next sentence says they'll notify once it's completed.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking information. The current sentence is the patient or someone seeking a document, which is a form of information. The sub-code here would be Generalinformation since it's about administrative documents. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, but since they're seeking the document, it's more about seeking than providing. The sub-code under InfoSeek could be Generalinformation because the document is part of administrative processes, not directly medical treatment. \n\nNo other codes like PartnershipPatient or Socioemotional seem to fit here. The main action is seeking an administrative document, so InfoSeek with Generalinformation is the best fit. The span would be \"I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions someone having a tough day with pain and not being able to get to the office. The current sentence is about looking for a specific document related to patient approval from a lab. The next sentence says they'll notify once it's completed.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking information. The current sentence is the patient or someone seeking a document, which is a form of information. The sub-code here would be Generalinformation since it's about administrative documents. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, but since they're seeking the document, it's more about seeking than providing. The sub-code under InfoSeek could be Generalinformation because the document is part of administrative processes, not directly medical treatment. \n\nNo other codes like PartnershipPatient or Socioemotional seem to fit here. The main action is seeking an administrative document, so InfoSeek with Generalinformation is the best fit. The span would be \"I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | ed7c0f2b8d569ba587539127f682236800e20773976ba98d415fc3f45ef339e3 | faa74f491801fad9d3e382afecbbe45cbed3bbf0860e3d5dd157e46c1c16933f | 93b598b48372d0094288d71c6ec2224d84297e0820ec3fdac7905997f08428bb | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions someone having a tough day with pain and not being able to get to the office. The current sentence is about looking for a specific document related to patient approval from a lab. The next sentence says they'll notify once it's completed.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking information. The current sentence is the patient or someone seeking a document, which is a form of information. The sub-code here would be Generalinformation since it's about administrative documents. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, but since they're seeking the document, it's more about seeking than providing. The sub-code under InfoSeek could be Generalinformation because the document is part of administrative processes, not directly medical treatment. \n\nNo other codes like PartnershipPatient or Socioemotional seem to fit here. The main action is seeking an administrative document, so InfoSeek with Generalinformation is the best fit. The span would be \"I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\"}]}"
] |
51 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\n Current sentence: I'll let you know as soon as that is completed.\n Next sentence: I would like to add one more Rx request: a new script for Lidocaine / Prilocaine cream, please.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"I'll let you know as soon as that is completed\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "activeParticipation/involvement", "Span": "I'll let you know as soon as that is completed"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Dr. Person2 is involved in my treatment but Dr. Person1 has the final word regarding my treatments and regimens.\n Current sentence: He my doctor.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"He my doctor\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi Person1, Thanks so much for your reply.\n Current sentence: See you MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Merry Christmas and a Healthy and Happy New Year to you and your family.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \"See you MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I am on the lookout for the permission / patient approval document that is being sent by the blood testing lab.\n Current sentence: I'll let you know as soon as that is completed.\n Next sentence: I would like to add one more Rx request: a new script for Lidocaine / Prilocaine cream, please.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"I'll let you know as soon as that is completed.\" The previous sentence mentions looking for a permission or approval document from a blood testing lab, and the next sentence adds a new prescription request.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is communicating with a healthcare provider, probably about lab results and medication. The current sentence is a promise to inform the provider once the document is completed. \n\nLooking at the codes, \"PartnershipPatient\" seems relevant because it's about building the patient-provider relationship. The sub-code \"Alignment\" might fit here since the patient is ensuring both parties are on the same page about the document's completion. \n\nAlternatively, \"PartnershipProvider\" could be considered, but since the speaker is the patient, \"PartnershipPatient\" is more appropriate. The sub-code \"Alignment\" under PartnershipPatient checks if they're both aware of the process. The span \"I'll let you know as soon as that is completed\" shows the patient is keeping the provider informed, which aligns their understanding. \n\nAnother possible code is \"InfoGive\" with sub-code \"Generalinformation,\" but the sentence is more about communication alignment than providing specific info. So sticking with PartnershipPatient and Alignment makes sense here. No other codes seem to apply here. The key is the patient ensuring the provider is updated, which is about alignment in their communication.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Alignment\", \"Span\": \"I'll let you know as soon as that is completed\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"I'll let you know as soon as that is completed.\" The previous sentence mentions looking for a permission or approval document from a blood testing lab, and the next sentence adds a new prescription request.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is communicating with a healthcare provider, probably about lab results and medication. The current sentence is a promise to inform the provider once the document is completed. \n\nLooking at the codes, \"PartnershipPatient\" seems relevant because it's about building the patient-provider relationship. The sub-code \"Alignment\" might fit here since the patient is ensuring both parties are on the same page about the document's completion. \n\nAlternatively, \"PartnershipProvider\" could be considered, but since the speaker is the patient, \"PartnershipPatient\" is more appropriate. The sub-code \"Alignment\" under PartnershipPatient checks if they're both aware of the process. The span \"I'll let you know as soon as that is completed\" shows the patient is keeping the provider informed, which aligns their understanding. \n\nAnother possible code is \"InfoGive\" with sub-code \"Generalinformation,\" but the sentence is more about communication alignment than providing specific info. So sticking with PartnershipPatient and Alignment makes sense here. No other codes seem to apply here. The key is the patient ensuring the provider is updated, which is about alignment in their communication.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Alignment\", \"Span\": \"I'll let you know as soon as that is completed\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 100f022fc25f6c3035935c89d1086742395f1805a8232fc6ad796533a471d192 | c1fde2263e11d7f9005edb992d97fdd864a155a5860981da5889bac94152cc28 | 8ddeeee97b63f74999e48744c3e64061292a94e2666a91b2f8a3cedc0897f19a | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"I'll let you know as soon as that is completed\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"I'll let you know as soon as that is completed.\" The previous sentence mentions looking for a permission or approval document from a blood testing lab, and the next sentence adds a new prescription request.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is communicating with a healthcare provider, probably about lab results and medication. The current sentence is a promise to inform the provider once the document is completed. \n\nLooking at the codes, \"PartnershipPatient\" seems relevant because it's about building the patient-provider relationship. The sub-code \"Alignment\" might fit here since the patient is ensuring both parties are on the same page about the document's completion. \n\nAlternatively, \"PartnershipProvider\" could be considered, but since the speaker is the patient, \"PartnershipPatient\" is more appropriate. The sub-code \"Alignment\" under PartnershipPatient checks if they're both aware of the process. The span \"I'll let you know as soon as that is completed\" shows the patient is keeping the provider informed, which aligns their understanding. \n\nAnother possible code is \"InfoGive\" with sub-code \"Generalinformation,\" but the sentence is more about communication alignment than providing specific info. So sticking with PartnershipPatient and Alignment makes sense here. No other codes seem to apply here. The key is the patient ensuring the provider is updated, which is about alignment in their communication.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Alignment\", \"Span\": \"I'll let you know as soon as that is completed\"}]}"
] |
52 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I'll let you know as soon as that is completed.\n Current sentence: I would like to add one more Rx request: a new script for Lidocaine / Prilocaine cream, please.\n Next sentence: We are both at the limit of getting \"stuck.\"\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"I would like to add one more Rx request\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoSeek", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "I would like to add one more Rx request"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Please let me know what happened.\n Current sentence: Thanks so much.\n Next sentence: Person2\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thanks so much\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hopefully you got the report by now.\n Current sentence: Please let me know.\n Next sentence: Thank you.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Please let me know\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I'll let you know as soon as that is completed.\n Current sentence: I would like to add one more Rx request: a new script for Lidocaine / Prilocaine cream, please.\n Next sentence: We are both at the limit of getting \"stuck.\"\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"I would like to add one more Rx request: a new script for Lidocaine / Prilocaine cream, please.\" The previous sentence mentions completing something, and the next talks about being at the limit of getting \"stuck.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is making an additional medication request. The key here is \"Rx request\" and \"new script,\" which clearly relate to drugs. Looking at the codes, InfoGive or InfoSeek could be relevant here. Since the patient is requesting a medication, that's seeking information or a specific action related to drugs. \n\nLooking at the codes: InfoSeek's sub-code includes Drugs, which is about requesting medications. The patient is asking for a new prescription, so that's a request for drug information. The span here would be \"a new script for Lidocaine / Prilocaine cream, please.\" \n\nAdditionally, the phrase \"I would like to add one more Rx request\" shows the patient is actively participating in their care by making a specific request. That points to PartnershipPatient's sub-code activeParticipation/involvement. The span here is \"I would like to add one more Rx request.\"\n\nWait, but let me check the definitions again. InfoSeek is about seeking information, but here the patient is making a request for a prescription, which might be more of an action. Alternatively, maybe InfoGive isn't right here because it's the patient providing info. Hmm, no, InfoGive is the provider giving info. The patient is seeking a drug, so InfoSeek's Drugs sub-code fits. \n\nAlso, the next sentence mentions being stuck, which might relate to Socioemotional/Empathy, but the current sentence is focused on the drug request. \n\nSo the two codes here are InfoSeek (Drugs) and PartnershipPatient (activeParticipation/involvement). The spans are as I mentioned. Let me confirm the sub-codes:\n\nFor InfoSeek's Drugs sub-code, the definition is about substances used for medical conditions, including prescription meds. The request for a new script fits here.\n\nFor PartnershipPatient's activeParticipation, the definition includes patients actively contributing to their care, like making treatment requests. The patient is adding a request, so that's active involvement.\n\nNo other codes seem to apply here. The next sentence's \"stuck\" might be about Socioemotional, but that's outside the current sentence's scope. \n\nSo the final answer should have two entries: one for InfoSeek/Drugs and another for PartnershipPatient/activeParticipation.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"a new script for Lidocaine / Prilocaine cream, please\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"I would like to add one more Rx request\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"I would like to add one more Rx request: a new script for Lidocaine / Prilocaine cream, please.\" The previous sentence mentions completing something, and the next talks about being at the limit of getting \"stuck.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is making an additional medication request. The key here is \"Rx request\" and \"new script,\" which clearly relate to drugs. Looking at the codes, InfoGive or InfoSeek could be relevant here. Since the patient is requesting a medication, that's seeking information or a specific action related to drugs. \n\nLooking at the codes: InfoSeek's sub-code includes Drugs, which is about requesting medications. The patient is asking for a new prescription, so that's a request for drug information. The span here would be \"a new script for Lidocaine / Prilocaine cream, please.\" \n\nAdditionally, the phrase \"I would like to add one more Rx request\" shows the patient is actively participating in their care by making a specific request. That points to PartnershipPatient's sub-code activeParticipation/involvement. The span here is \"I would like to add one more Rx request.\"\n\nWait, but let me check the definitions again. InfoSeek is about seeking information, but here the patient is making a request for a prescription, which might be more of an action. Alternatively, maybe InfoGive isn't right here because it's the patient providing info. Hmm, no, InfoGive is the provider giving info. The patient is seeking a drug, so InfoSeek's Drugs sub-code fits. \n\nAlso, the next sentence mentions being stuck, which might relate to Socioemotional/Empathy, but the current sentence is focused on the drug request. \n\nSo the two codes here are InfoSeek (Drugs) and PartnershipPatient (activeParticipation/involvement). The spans are as I mentioned. Let me confirm the sub-codes:\n\nFor InfoSeek's Drugs sub-code, the definition is about substances used for medical conditions, including prescription meds. The request for a new script fits here.\n\nFor PartnershipPatient's activeParticipation, the definition includes patients actively contributing to their care, like making treatment requests. The patient is adding a request, so that's active involvement.\n\nNo other codes seem to apply here. The next sentence's \"stuck\" might be about Socioemotional, but that's outside the current sentence's scope. \n\nSo the final answer should have two entries: one for InfoSeek/Drugs and another for PartnershipPatient/activeParticipation.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"a new script for Lidocaine / Prilocaine cream, please\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"I would like to add one more Rx request\"}]}"
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"evaluate_eppc"
] | 62dee295ffa98d9578438f723e7aa4898f251b1db746faf695943bb99b8567ea | a1a0c7ad099b7ec2c6ef4907fad200a73328483d807a462433d5763c826d500f | 568fcd3b88c41ad6bd49af5cad7e0ef7630c963b3a659e570a8b1b10a9c12cfa | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"I would like to add one more Rx request\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"I would like to add one more Rx request: a new script for Lidocaine / Prilocaine cream, please.\" The previous sentence mentions completing something, and the next talks about being at the limit of getting \"stuck.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is making an additional medication request. The key here is \"Rx request\" and \"new script,\" which clearly relate to drugs. Looking at the codes, InfoGive or InfoSeek could be relevant here. Since the patient is requesting a medication, that's seeking information or a specific action related to drugs. \n\nLooking at the codes: InfoSeek's sub-code includes Drugs, which is about requesting medications. The patient is asking for a new prescription, so that's a request for drug information. The span here would be \"a new script for Lidocaine / Prilocaine cream, please.\" \n\nAdditionally, the phrase \"I would like to add one more Rx request\" shows the patient is actively participating in their care by making a specific request. That points to PartnershipPatient's sub-code activeParticipation/involvement. The span here is \"I would like to add one more Rx request.\"\n\nWait, but let me check the definitions again. InfoSeek is about seeking information, but here the patient is making a request for a prescription, which might be more of an action. Alternatively, maybe InfoGive isn't right here because it's the patient providing info. Hmm, no, InfoGive is the provider giving info. The patient is seeking a drug, so InfoSeek's Drugs sub-code fits. \n\nAlso, the next sentence mentions being stuck, which might relate to Socioemotional/Empathy, but the current sentence is focused on the drug request. \n\nSo the two codes here are InfoSeek (Drugs) and PartnershipPatient (activeParticipation/involvement). The spans are as I mentioned. Let me confirm the sub-codes:\n\nFor InfoSeek's Drugs sub-code, the definition is about substances used for medical conditions, including prescription meds. The request for a new script fits here.\n\nFor PartnershipPatient's activeParticipation, the definition includes patients actively contributing to their care, like making treatment requests. The patient is adding a request, so that's active involvement.\n\nNo other codes seem to apply here. The next sentence's \"stuck\" might be about Socioemotional, but that's outside the current sentence's scope. \n\nSo the final answer should have two entries: one for InfoSeek/Drugs and another for PartnershipPatient/activeParticipation.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"a new script for Lidocaine / Prilocaine cream, please\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"I would like to add one more Rx request\"}]}"
] |
53 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I would like to add one more Rx request: a new script for Lidocaine / Prilocaine cream, please.\n Current sentence: We are both at the limit of getting \"stuck.\"\n Next sentence: Most appreciative! One more bit of info for Dr. Person3: Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"We are both at the limit of getting \\\"stuck.\\\"\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Generalinformation", "Span": "We are both at the limit of getting \"stuck.\""}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi again.\n Next sentence: I also have super bad heartburn.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi again\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi Person1, You are able to scan it and uploaded to mychart or I see you have an appt tomorrow in radiation, you can pass by the FMLA in NP4 and drop it off in the front check in desk and let them know is for me and they will forward it.\n Current sentence: Will you be doing intermittent FMLA or continuous?\n Next sentence: Also if the F MLA is for the radiation portion, they would be the ones filling out the paperwork.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeekSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"EconomicStability\", \"Span\": \"Will you be doing intermittent FMLA or continuous?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I would like to add one more Rx request: a new script for Lidocaine / Prilocaine cream, please.\n Current sentence: We are both at the limit of getting \"stuck.\"\n Next sentence: Most appreciative! One more bit of info for Dr. Person3: Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"We are both at the limit of getting 'stuck.'\" and the patient said it. The previous sentence mentions an Rx request for a cream, and the next sentence is about a clinical trial.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is asking for a new prescription and then mentions being \"stuck,\" followed by gratitude and info about a clinical trial. \n\nLooking at the codes, maybe PartnershipPatient? The sentence \"We are both at the limit...\" could indicate a shared struggle, which might relate to building trust or expressing concern. \n\nThe Sub-codes under PartnershipPatient include 'build trust', 'expressOpinions', or 'ExpressConcern/unease' from Socioemotional/Empathy. Wait, \"getting stuck\" sounds like a problem they're facing together. \n\nAlternatively, 'ExpressConcern/unease' under Socioemotional/Empathy might fit because the patient is expressing a difficulty. The phrase \"at the limit of getting 'stuck'\" shows some frustration or concern. \n\nBut let me check the definitions. Socioemotional/Empathy's 'ExpressConcern/unease' is about anxiety or worries. The patient here is talking about a problem they're both facing, so maybe that's the case. \n\nAlternatively, under PartnershipPatient, 'expressOpinions' is about sharing thoughts on care. But \"getting stuck\" is more about a situation than an opinion. \n\nAnother angle: 'build trust' in PartnershipPatient requires the patient feeling assured the provider is reliable. But the current sentence doesn't directly build trust; it's more about a problem. \n\nAlternatively, maybe 'connection' under PartnershipPatient, which is non-medical info to strengthen the relationship. But the sentence is about a medical issue's limitation. \n\nWait, the sentence is part of a conversation where the patient is requesting meds and then mentions being stuck. It might be expressing a concern about their current situation, so Socioemotional/Empathy's 'ExpressConcern/unease' is possible. \n\nAlternatively, under PartnershipPatient's 'activeParticipation/involvement' if they're engaging in problem-solving. But the exact phrase is about being stuck, so maybe not. \n\nLooking at the code definitions again. InfoSeekSDOH is about seeking info on social/economic factors. The current sentence doesn't ask for info, so probably not. \n\nSharedDecisionPatient could be if they're discussing options, but the sentence doesn't mention decisions. \n\nHmm. The key is the phrase \"getting stuck\" which indicates a problem or difficulty. The best fit seems to be Socioemotional/Empathy's 'ExpressConcern/unease' because it's expressing a worry or difficulty. \n\nAlternatively, 'AcknowledgeSituation' under Socioemotional/Empathy if they're recognizing a problem. But 'ExpressConcern' is more about the emotion. \n\nSo the code would be Socioemotional/Empathy with Sub-code 'ExpressConcern/unease', and the span is \"We are both at the limit of getting 'stuck.'\"\n\nWait, but the next sentence is \"Most appreciative!\" which is gratitude, but that's separate. The current sentence's main point is the problem of being stuck. \n\nYes, I think that's the right approach. Let me confirm the sub-code list. Socioemotional/Empathy's sub-codes include ExpressConcern/unease, which matches the sentiment here.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"ExpressConcern/unease\", \"Span\": \"We are both at the limit of getting 'stuck'.\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"We are both at the limit of getting 'stuck.'\" and the patient said it. The previous sentence mentions an Rx request for a cream, and the next sentence is about a clinical trial.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is asking for a new prescription and then mentions being \"stuck,\" followed by gratitude and info about a clinical trial. \n\nLooking at the codes, maybe PartnershipPatient? The sentence \"We are both at the limit...\" could indicate a shared struggle, which might relate to building trust or expressing concern. \n\nThe Sub-codes under PartnershipPatient include 'build trust', 'expressOpinions', or 'ExpressConcern/unease' from Socioemotional/Empathy. Wait, \"getting stuck\" sounds like a problem they're facing together. \n\nAlternatively, 'ExpressConcern/unease' under Socioemotional/Empathy might fit because the patient is expressing a difficulty. The phrase \"at the limit of getting 'stuck'\" shows some frustration or concern. \n\nBut let me check the definitions. Socioemotional/Empathy's 'ExpressConcern/unease' is about anxiety or worries. The patient here is talking about a problem they're both facing, so maybe that's the case. \n\nAlternatively, under PartnershipPatient, 'expressOpinions' is about sharing thoughts on care. But \"getting stuck\" is more about a situation than an opinion. \n\nAnother angle: 'build trust' in PartnershipPatient requires the patient feeling assured the provider is reliable. But the current sentence doesn't directly build trust; it's more about a problem. \n\nAlternatively, maybe 'connection' under PartnershipPatient, which is non-medical info to strengthen the relationship. But the sentence is about a medical issue's limitation. \n\nWait, the sentence is part of a conversation where the patient is requesting meds and then mentions being stuck. It might be expressing a concern about their current situation, so Socioemotional/Empathy's 'ExpressConcern/unease' is possible. \n\nAlternatively, under PartnershipPatient's 'activeParticipation/involvement' if they're engaging in problem-solving. But the exact phrase is about being stuck, so maybe not. \n\nLooking at the code definitions again. InfoSeekSDOH is about seeking info on social/economic factors. The current sentence doesn't ask for info, so probably not. \n\nSharedDecisionPatient could be if they're discussing options, but the sentence doesn't mention decisions. \n\nHmm. The key is the phrase \"getting stuck\" which indicates a problem or difficulty. The best fit seems to be Socioemotional/Empathy's 'ExpressConcern/unease' because it's expressing a worry or difficulty. \n\nAlternatively, 'AcknowledgeSituation' under Socioemotional/Empathy if they're recognizing a problem. But 'ExpressConcern' is more about the emotion. \n\nSo the code would be Socioemotional/Empathy with Sub-code 'ExpressConcern/unease', and the span is \"We are both at the limit of getting 'stuck.'\"\n\nWait, but the next sentence is \"Most appreciative!\" which is gratitude, but that's separate. The current sentence's main point is the problem of being stuck. \n\nYes, I think that's the right approach. Let me confirm the sub-code list. Socioemotional/Empathy's sub-codes include ExpressConcern/unease, which matches the sentiment here.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"ExpressConcern/unease\", \"Span\": \"We are both at the limit of getting 'stuck'.\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 64002b173eead0abdaa87298d41f8f0a4c92345336faa41848ec0e702710e4b3 | 838d801c40ffcd1245f1d2fc81bcc472f397b3b39ba9d1093dfa2b60526dfebd | 9332b88ef7905c9b04467a3f1854196f91f8c7fe667a3196cc2f44b095aa58b5 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"We are both at the limit of getting \\\"stuck.\\\"\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"We are both at the limit of getting 'stuck.'\" and the patient said it. The previous sentence mentions an Rx request for a cream, and the next sentence is about a clinical trial.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is asking for a new prescription and then mentions being \"stuck,\" followed by gratitude and info about a clinical trial. \n\nLooking at the codes, maybe PartnershipPatient? The sentence \"We are both at the limit...\" could indicate a shared struggle, which might relate to building trust or expressing concern. \n\nThe Sub-codes under PartnershipPatient include 'build trust', 'expressOpinions', or 'ExpressConcern/unease' from Socioemotional/Empathy. Wait, \"getting stuck\" sounds like a problem they're facing together. \n\nAlternatively, 'ExpressConcern/unease' under Socioemotional/Empathy might fit because the patient is expressing a difficulty. The phrase \"at the limit of getting 'stuck'\" shows some frustration or concern. \n\nBut let me check the definitions. Socioemotional/Empathy's 'ExpressConcern/unease' is about anxiety or worries. The patient here is talking about a problem they're both facing, so maybe that's the case. \n\nAlternatively, under PartnershipPatient, 'expressOpinions' is about sharing thoughts on care. But \"getting stuck\" is more about a situation than an opinion. \n\nAnother angle: 'build trust' in PartnershipPatient requires the patient feeling assured the provider is reliable. But the current sentence doesn't directly build trust; it's more about a problem. \n\nAlternatively, maybe 'connection' under PartnershipPatient, which is non-medical info to strengthen the relationship. But the sentence is about a medical issue's limitation. \n\nWait, the sentence is part of a conversation where the patient is requesting meds and then mentions being stuck. It might be expressing a concern about their current situation, so Socioemotional/Empathy's 'ExpressConcern/unease' is possible. \n\nAlternatively, under PartnershipPatient's 'activeParticipation/involvement' if they're engaging in problem-solving. But the exact phrase is about being stuck, so maybe not. \n\nLooking at the code definitions again. InfoSeekSDOH is about seeking info on social/economic factors. The current sentence doesn't ask for info, so probably not. \n\nSharedDecisionPatient could be if they're discussing options, but the sentence doesn't mention decisions. \n\nHmm. The key is the phrase \"getting stuck\" which indicates a problem or difficulty. The best fit seems to be Socioemotional/Empathy's 'ExpressConcern/unease' because it's expressing a worry or difficulty. \n\nAlternatively, 'AcknowledgeSituation' under Socioemotional/Empathy if they're recognizing a problem. But 'ExpressConcern' is more about the emotion. \n\nSo the code would be Socioemotional/Empathy with Sub-code 'ExpressConcern/unease', and the span is \"We are both at the limit of getting 'stuck.'\"\n\nWait, but the next sentence is \"Most appreciative!\" which is gratitude, but that's separate. The current sentence's main point is the problem of being stuck. \n\nYes, I think that's the right approach. Let me confirm the sub-code list. Socioemotional/Empathy's sub-codes include ExpressConcern/unease, which matches the sentiment here.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"ExpressConcern/unease\", \"Span\": \"We are both at the limit of getting 'stuck'.\"}]}"
] |
54 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: We are both at the limit of getting \"stuck.\"\n Current sentence: Most appreciative! One more bit of info for Dr. Person3: Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2.\n Next sentence: Her thinking is that might be a (better?)\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Most appreciative!\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"One more bit of info\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "Appreciation/Gratitude", "Span": "Most appreciative!"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Generalinformation", "Span": "One more bit of info"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "carecoordination", "Span": "Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi, My insurance will not allow me to opt out of using Org2 pharmacy for the anastrozle.\n Next sentence: I setup for them to ship the medication to me, however, I will not be receiving that refill between 5-10 business days.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"My insurance will not allow me to opt out of using Org2 pharmacy for the anastrozle\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Thank you Dr. Person1.\n Current sentence: Wasn sure if I was meant to schedule or not.\n Next sentence: Much appreciated.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"expressOpinions\", \"Span\": \"Wasn sure if I was meant to schedule or not.\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: We are both at the limit of getting \"stuck.\"\n Current sentence: Most appreciative! One more bit of info for Dr. Person3: Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2.\n Next sentence: Her thinking is that might be a (better?)\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"until": [
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"do_sample": false,
"temperature": 0,
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"Most appreciative! One more bit of info for Dr. Person3: Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2.\" \n\nFirst, I need to look at the previous and next sentences for context. The previous sentence mentions being \"stuck,\" and the next sentence talks about considering a clinical trial as possibly better. \n\nStarting with the current sentence. The first part is \"Most appreciative!\" which sounds like gratitude. Looking at the codes, PartnershipPatient has a subcode Appreciation/Gratitude. Since this is from the patient, that fits here. The span here is \"Most appreciative!\".\n\nNext, the rest of the sentence: \"One more bit of info for Dr. Person3: Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2.\" \n\nThe phrase \"One more bit of info\" suggests providing information. The context is about informing Dr. Person3 about a discussion regarding a clinical trial. This seems like InfoGive, specifically under carecoordination because it's about coordinating care by sharing information between providers. The span here would be \"Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2.\"\n\nWait, but let me check the subcodes for InfoGive. The subcode carecoordination is under InfoGive. Yes, because it's coordinating care by informing another provider about a clinical trial option. \n\nIs there another code here? The mention of a clinical trial might relate to SharedDecision, but the sentence is more about providing information rather than making a decision. So probably not. \n\nAlso, the part \"to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable\" is about seeking options, but since it's the patient providing info, maybe it's still InfoGive. \n\nAnother angle: The patient is giving information to the doctor, so InfoGive. The subcode here is carecoordination because it's about coordinating with other providers. \n\nSo the two codes here are PartnershipPatient (Appreciation/Gratitude) and InfoGive (carecoordination). \n\nWait, but the first part \"Most appreciative!\" is definitely Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient. The second part is providing information for coordination, so InfoGive with carecoordination. \n\nI should check if there's any other possible codes. The mention of clinical trial might also touch on SharedDecision, but since the patient is just informing, not discussing options, maybe not. \n\nSo the final pairs would be:\n\n- PartnershipPatient: Appreciation/Gratitude with \"Most appreciative!\"\n- InfoGive: carecoordination with the clinical trial info part.\n\nI need to make sure the spans are correctly extracted. The first span is straightforward. The second span should be the part after the colon, but maybe the entire clause after \"info for Dr. Person3\" is the info given. The exact span would be \"Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2.\"\n\nYes, that's the core info being provided for care coordination.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Most appreciative!\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"Most appreciative! One more bit of info for Dr. Person3: Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2.\" \n\nFirst, I need to look at the previous and next sentences for context. The previous sentence mentions being \"stuck,\" and the next sentence talks about considering a clinical trial as possibly better. \n\nStarting with the current sentence. The first part is \"Most appreciative!\" which sounds like gratitude. Looking at the codes, PartnershipPatient has a subcode Appreciation/Gratitude. Since this is from the patient, that fits here. The span here is \"Most appreciative!\".\n\nNext, the rest of the sentence: \"One more bit of info for Dr. Person3: Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2.\" \n\nThe phrase \"One more bit of info\" suggests providing information. The context is about informing Dr. Person3 about a discussion regarding a clinical trial. This seems like InfoGive, specifically under carecoordination because it's about coordinating care by sharing information between providers. The span here would be \"Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2.\"\n\nWait, but let me check the subcodes for InfoGive. The subcode carecoordination is under InfoGive. Yes, because it's coordinating care by informing another provider about a clinical trial option. \n\nIs there another code here? The mention of a clinical trial might relate to SharedDecision, but the sentence is more about providing information rather than making a decision. So probably not. \n\nAlso, the part \"to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable\" is about seeking options, but since it's the patient providing info, maybe it's still InfoGive. \n\nAnother angle: The patient is giving information to the doctor, so InfoGive. The subcode here is carecoordination because it's about coordinating with other providers. \n\nSo the two codes here are PartnershipPatient (Appreciation/Gratitude) and InfoGive (carecoordination). \n\nWait, but the first part \"Most appreciative!\" is definitely Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient. The second part is providing information for coordination, so InfoGive with carecoordination. \n\nI should check if there's any other possible codes. The mention of clinical trial might also touch on SharedDecision, but since the patient is just informing, not discussing options, maybe not. \n\nSo the final pairs would be:\n\n- PartnershipPatient: Appreciation/Gratitude with \"Most appreciative!\"\n- InfoGive: carecoordination with the clinical trial info part.\n\nI need to make sure the spans are correctly extracted. The first span is straightforward. The second span should be the part after the colon, but maybe the entire clause after \"info for Dr. Person3\" is the info given. The exact span would be \"Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2.\"\n\nYes, that's the core info being provided for care coordination.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Most appreciative!\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | a42b66d04535434e346a3ed17b820dc179630ef51a77e5f3f7b13f1ba131ee13 | 7a98ca6a11cd3f571ab516f38c28dfc23f51907fd15359cb51042be295ac3a35 | 598863cd45ab78786b74880c6e515e9337735ffc637f7b13eb8dc40571647a7f | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Most appreciative!\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"One more bit of info\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"Most appreciative! One more bit of info for Dr. Person3: Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2.\" \n\nFirst, I need to look at the previous and next sentences for context. The previous sentence mentions being \"stuck,\" and the next sentence talks about considering a clinical trial as possibly better. \n\nStarting with the current sentence. The first part is \"Most appreciative!\" which sounds like gratitude. Looking at the codes, PartnershipPatient has a subcode Appreciation/Gratitude. Since this is from the patient, that fits here. The span here is \"Most appreciative!\".\n\nNext, the rest of the sentence: \"One more bit of info for Dr. Person3: Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2.\" \n\nThe phrase \"One more bit of info\" suggests providing information. The context is about informing Dr. Person3 about a discussion regarding a clinical trial. This seems like InfoGive, specifically under carecoordination because it's about coordinating care by sharing information between providers. The span here would be \"Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2.\"\n\nWait, but let me check the subcodes for InfoGive. The subcode carecoordination is under InfoGive. Yes, because it's coordinating care by informing another provider about a clinical trial option. \n\nIs there another code here? The mention of a clinical trial might relate to SharedDecision, but the sentence is more about providing information rather than making a decision. So probably not. \n\nAlso, the part \"to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable\" is about seeking options, but since it's the patient providing info, maybe it's still InfoGive. \n\nAnother angle: The patient is giving information to the doctor, so InfoGive. The subcode here is carecoordination because it's about coordinating with other providers. \n\nSo the two codes here are PartnershipPatient (Appreciation/Gratitude) and InfoGive (carecoordination). \n\nWait, but the first part \"Most appreciative!\" is definitely Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient. The second part is providing information for coordination, so InfoGive with carecoordination. \n\nI should check if there's any other possible codes. The mention of clinical trial might also touch on SharedDecision, but since the patient is just informing, not discussing options, maybe not. \n\nSo the final pairs would be:\n\n- PartnershipPatient: Appreciation/Gratitude with \"Most appreciative!\"\n- InfoGive: carecoordination with the clinical trial info part.\n\nI need to make sure the spans are correctly extracted. The first span is straightforward. The second span should be the part after the colon, but maybe the entire clause after \"info for Dr. Person3\" is the info given. The exact span would be \"Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2.\"\n\nYes, that's the core info being provided for care coordination.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Most appreciative!\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person4 was speaking with Dr. Person5 (MSKCC) to see if there might be a clinical trial suitable for Person2\"}]}"
] |
55 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: I have not rec'd email message from blood testing lab, but Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\n Next sentence: He will stop by your office afterward.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"not rec'd email message from blood testing lab\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"inviteCollaboration\", \"Span\": \"discuss revised radio-surgery plan\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Diagnostics", "Span": "not rec'd email message from blood testing lab"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY"}, {"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "inviteCollaboration", "Span": "discuss revised radio-surgery plan"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Can i change my MM/DD/YYYY appointment to the MM/DD/YYYY i will be away on the MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: I can make any time available those days?\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"statePreferences\", \"Span\": \"I can make any time available those days?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I'll pass your message along to the surgery team.\n Current sentence: Have you been doing the nail soaks?\n Next sentence: You can do warm water/peroxide or warm water/white vinegar soaks.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Have you been doing the nail soaks?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: I have not rec'd email message from blood testing lab, but Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\n Next sentence: He will stop by your office afterward.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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} | [
[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is: \"I have not rec'd email message from blood testing lab, but Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\" The next sentence is \"He will stop by your office afterward,\" and there's no previous sentence.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is informing the provider that they haven't received an email from the blood testing lab. However, they mention that Person1 (maybe a family member or another party) has an appointment with Dr. Person2 to discuss a revised radio-surgery plan. The next sentence adds that Person1 will visit the office afterward.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. Let's start with the first part: \"I have not rec'd email message from blood testing lab.\" This seems like the patient is seeking information about the lab results. Since they didn't receive the email, they might be trying to get that information. The code here could be InfoSeek, specifically under Generalinformation because it's about administrative or logistical details (email not received). Alternatively, maybe it's about HealthcareAccessAndQuality under InfoSeekSDOH, but the email issue is more about communication than SDOH factors. So probably InfoSeek-Generalinformation.\n\nThe second part: \"Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\" This mentions scheduling an appointment. The key here is the date and the purpose. The scheduling of an appointment would fall under SchedulingAppt. Since the patient is informing the provider about this appointment, it might be under InfoGive (providing info) or InfoSeek (seeking confirmation). But since they're informing the provider, it's more likely InfoGive-SchedulingAppt. Alternatively, if the patient is sharing this to ensure coordination, maybe carecoordination? But the subcode for InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is about dates and times, so that fits better.\n\nThe next sentence says \"He will stop by your office afterward.\" This is additional info about the visit, but since we're only focusing on the current sentence, we can ignore the next sentence except for context. The main points in the current sentence are the missed email and the scheduled appointment.\n\nNow checking codes again. For the first part (email not received), the patient is seeking information about the lab results. So InfoSeek-Generalinformation? Or maybe InfoSeek-Diagnostics? Wait, the lab results would be part of diagnostics. The subcode for InfoSeek-Diagnostics is about identifying a disease through tests. Since the blood test is part of diagnostics, maybe that's better. But the patient is saying they didn't get the email, so they might be seeking the results. So InfoSeek-Diagnostics could be appropriate here. Alternatively, if the email is just about logistics (like a confirmation), then Generalinformation. But blood testing lab results are diagnostic info, so probably Diagnostics.\n\nSo first part: Code: InfoSeek, Sub-code: Diagnostics, Span: \"I have not rec'd email message from blood testing lab\"\n\nSecond part: The appointment scheduling. The patient is informing the provider about the appointment, so that's providing info. So InfoGive-SchedulingAppt. The span here would be \"Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\" But the minimal span for scheduling would be the dates and the mention of the appointment. However, the exact span needs to be the core phrase. The key part is \"has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY\" which indicates the scheduling. Alternatively, the entire clause is about the appointment, so the span could be \"Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\" But maybe the minimal span is \"Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY\" as that's the scheduling info. However, the purpose (to discuss the plan) is part of the scheduling context. The subcode SchedulingAppt includes dates and times related to seeing a provider. So the entire phrase about the appointment is the span.\n\nAlternatively, maybe the entire sentence is two separate pieces of info. The first part is about not receiving the email (InfoSeek-Diagnostics), and the second part is providing the appointment info (InfoGive-SchedulingAppt). So two separate code-subcode pairs.\n\nNow checking if there are other possible codes. The mention of \"revised radio-surgery plan\" could relate to treatment options, but that's more about SharedDecision or something else. Since the patient is informing the provider about the appointment, it's part of care coordination? The subcode for InfoGive-carecoordination is about organizing services. But the appointment scheduling is specifically SchedulingAppt.\n\nAnother angle: The patient is informing the provider about the upcoming appointment, so that's providing"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is: \"I have not rec'd email message from blood testing lab, but Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\" The next sentence is \"He will stop by your office afterward,\" and there's no previous sentence.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is informing the provider that they haven't received an email from the blood testing lab. However, they mention that Person1 (maybe a family member or another party) has an appointment with Dr. Person2 to discuss a revised radio-surgery plan. The next sentence adds that Person1 will visit the office afterward.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. Let's start with the first part: \"I have not rec'd email message from blood testing lab.\" This seems like the patient is seeking information about the lab results. Since they didn't receive the email, they might be trying to get that information. The code here could be InfoSeek, specifically under Generalinformation because it's about administrative or logistical details (email not received). Alternatively, maybe it's about HealthcareAccessAndQuality under InfoSeekSDOH, but the email issue is more about communication than SDOH factors. So probably InfoSeek-Generalinformation.\n\nThe second part: \"Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\" This mentions scheduling an appointment. The key here is the date and the purpose. The scheduling of an appointment would fall under SchedulingAppt. Since the patient is informing the provider about this appointment, it might be under InfoGive (providing info) or InfoSeek (seeking confirmation). But since they're informing the provider, it's more likely InfoGive-SchedulingAppt. Alternatively, if the patient is sharing this to ensure coordination, maybe carecoordination? But the subcode for InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is about dates and times, so that fits better.\n\nThe next sentence says \"He will stop by your office afterward.\" This is additional info about the visit, but since we're only focusing on the current sentence, we can ignore the next sentence except for context. The main points in the current sentence are the missed email and the scheduled appointment.\n\nNow checking codes again. For the first part (email not received), the patient is seeking information about the lab results. So InfoSeek-Generalinformation? Or maybe InfoSeek-Diagnostics? Wait, the lab results would be part of diagnostics. The subcode for InfoSeek-Diagnostics is about identifying a disease through tests. Since the blood test is part of diagnostics, maybe that's better. But the patient is saying they didn't get the email, so they might be seeking the results. So InfoSeek-Diagnostics could be appropriate here. Alternatively, if the email is just about logistics (like a confirmation), then Generalinformation. But blood testing lab results are diagnostic info, so probably Diagnostics.\n\nSo first part: Code: InfoSeek, Sub-code: Diagnostics, Span: \"I have not rec'd email message from blood testing lab\"\n\nSecond part: The appointment scheduling. The patient is informing the provider about the appointment, so that's providing info. So InfoGive-SchedulingAppt. The span here would be \"Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\" But the minimal span for scheduling would be the dates and the mention of the appointment. However, the exact span needs to be the core phrase. The key part is \"has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY\" which indicates the scheduling. Alternatively, the entire clause is about the appointment, so the span could be \"Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\" But maybe the minimal span is \"Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY\" as that's the scheduling info. However, the purpose (to discuss the plan) is part of the scheduling context. The subcode SchedulingAppt includes dates and times related to seeing a provider. So the entire phrase about the appointment is the span.\n\nAlternatively, maybe the entire sentence is two separate pieces of info. The first part is about not receiving the email (InfoSeek-Diagnostics), and the second part is providing the appointment info (InfoGive-SchedulingAppt). So two separate code-subcode pairs.\n\nNow checking if there are other possible codes. The mention of \"revised radio-surgery plan\" could relate to treatment options, but that's more about SharedDecision or something else. Since the patient is informing the provider about the appointment, it's part of care coordination? The subcode for InfoGive-carecoordination is about organizing services. But the appointment scheduling is specifically SchedulingAppt.\n\nAnother angle: The patient is informing the provider about the upcoming appointment, so that's providing"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 800f06edfd6259c82b214c8d92b118b8f93cab0a61d93a5972418602edb3d109 | 15fbe875e84e3e44dc6e70f231fd350c6f9bd34d51df4fb2486c4c54c951807e | a18580d02ac99441a7b009fe20ec652bef232c86343751b650dacd158aa0d2bf | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"not rec'd email message from blood testing lab\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"inviteCollaboration\", \"Span\": \"discuss revised radio-surgery plan\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is: \"I have not rec'd email message from blood testing lab, but Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\" The next sentence is \"He will stop by your office afterward,\" and there's no previous sentence.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is informing the provider that they haven't received an email from the blood testing lab. However, they mention that Person1 (maybe a family member or another party) has an appointment with Dr. Person2 to discuss a revised radio-surgery plan. The next sentence adds that Person1 will visit the office afterward.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. Let's start with the first part: \"I have not rec'd email message from blood testing lab.\" This seems like the patient is seeking information about the lab results. Since they didn't receive the email, they might be trying to get that information. The code here could be InfoSeek, specifically under Generalinformation because it's about administrative or logistical details (email not received). Alternatively, maybe it's about HealthcareAccessAndQuality under InfoSeekSDOH, but the email issue is more about communication than SDOH factors. So probably InfoSeek-Generalinformation.\n\nThe second part: \"Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\" This mentions scheduling an appointment. The key here is the date and the purpose. The scheduling of an appointment would fall under SchedulingAppt. Since the patient is informing the provider about this appointment, it might be under InfoGive (providing info) or InfoSeek (seeking confirmation). But since they're informing the provider, it's more likely InfoGive-SchedulingAppt. Alternatively, if the patient is sharing this to ensure coordination, maybe carecoordination? But the subcode for InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is about dates and times, so that fits better.\n\nThe next sentence says \"He will stop by your office afterward.\" This is additional info about the visit, but since we're only focusing on the current sentence, we can ignore the next sentence except for context. The main points in the current sentence are the missed email and the scheduled appointment.\n\nNow checking codes again. For the first part (email not received), the patient is seeking information about the lab results. So InfoSeek-Generalinformation? Or maybe InfoSeek-Diagnostics? Wait, the lab results would be part of diagnostics. The subcode for InfoSeek-Diagnostics is about identifying a disease through tests. Since the blood test is part of diagnostics, maybe that's better. But the patient is saying they didn't get the email, so they might be seeking the results. So InfoSeek-Diagnostics could be appropriate here. Alternatively, if the email is just about logistics (like a confirmation), then Generalinformation. But blood testing lab results are diagnostic info, so probably Diagnostics.\n\nSo first part: Code: InfoSeek, Sub-code: Diagnostics, Span: \"I have not rec'd email message from blood testing lab\"\n\nSecond part: The appointment scheduling. The patient is informing the provider about the appointment, so that's providing info. So InfoGive-SchedulingAppt. The span here would be \"Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\" But the minimal span for scheduling would be the dates and the mention of the appointment. However, the exact span needs to be the core phrase. The key part is \"has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY\" which indicates the scheduling. Alternatively, the entire clause is about the appointment, so the span could be \"Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\" But maybe the minimal span is \"Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY\" as that's the scheduling info. However, the purpose (to discuss the plan) is part of the scheduling context. The subcode SchedulingAppt includes dates and times related to seeing a provider. So the entire phrase about the appointment is the span.\n\nAlternatively, maybe the entire sentence is two separate pieces of info. The first part is about not receiving the email (InfoSeek-Diagnostics), and the second part is providing the appointment info (InfoGive-SchedulingAppt). So two separate code-subcode pairs.\n\nNow checking if there are other possible codes. The mention of \"revised radio-surgery plan\" could relate to treatment options, but that's more about SharedDecision or something else. Since the patient is informing the provider about the appointment, it's part of care coordination? The subcode for InfoGive-carecoordination is about organizing services. But the appointment scheduling is specifically SchedulingAppt.\n\nAnother angle: The patient is informing the provider about the upcoming appointment, so that's providing"
] |
56 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I have not rec'd email message from blood testing lab, but Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\n Current sentence: He will stop by your office afterward.\n Next sentence: Does Dr. Person3 want Person1 to continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs?\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"He will stop by your office afterward\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Generalinformation", "Span": "He will stop by your office afterward"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Thank you Person1.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Could you please confirm that it was sent or send it?\n Current sentence: Thanks much.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thanks much\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I have not rec'd email message from blood testing lab, but Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\n Current sentence: He will stop by your office afterward.\n Next sentence: Does Dr. Person3 want Person1 to continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs?\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"He will stop by your office afterward.\" The previous sentence mentions that the patient hasn't received an email from the lab but has a date with Dr. Person2 to discuss a revised plan. The next sentence asks if Dr. Person3 wants the patient to continue on Meloxicam.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The current sentence is about someone (He) stopping by the office after a meeting with Dr. Person2. The next sentence is a follow-up question about medication, so the current sentence is part of coordinating care or appointments.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive's Sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times for appointments. The phrase \"stop by your office afterward\" indicates a plan related to an appointment, so that's SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. \n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient. The sentence could be part of maintaining communication or care coordination. However, the main action here is scheduling, so InfoGive seems more accurate. \n\nNo other codes like InfoSeek or Socioemotional seem relevant here. The key is the scheduling aspect. The span \"stop by your office afterward\" is the core phrase indicating scheduling. \n\nWait, but the exact Sub-code for SchedulingAppt is about dates and times. The current sentence doesn't have a specific date, but \"afterward\" refers to the appointment mentioned before. Since the previous sentence had the date, the current is about the follow-up action. Still, the Sub-code SchedulingAppt includes other info related to seeing a provider. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under carecoordination in InfoGive? The Sub-code carecoordination involves organizing services. But the sentence is more about an appointment, so SchedulingAppt is better. \n\nI think the correct Code is InfoGive with Sub-code SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"stop by your office afterward\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"stop by your office afterward\"}]}"
]
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"He will stop by your office afterward.\" The previous sentence mentions that the patient hasn't received an email from the lab but has a date with Dr. Person2 to discuss a revised plan. The next sentence asks if Dr. Person3 wants the patient to continue on Meloxicam.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The current sentence is about someone (He) stopping by the office after a meeting with Dr. Person2. The next sentence is a follow-up question about medication, so the current sentence is part of coordinating care or appointments.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive's Sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times for appointments. The phrase \"stop by your office afterward\" indicates a plan related to an appointment, so that's SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. \n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient. The sentence could be part of maintaining communication or care coordination. However, the main action here is scheduling, so InfoGive seems more accurate. \n\nNo other codes like InfoSeek or Socioemotional seem relevant here. The key is the scheduling aspect. The span \"stop by your office afterward\" is the core phrase indicating scheduling. \n\nWait, but the exact Sub-code for SchedulingAppt is about dates and times. The current sentence doesn't have a specific date, but \"afterward\" refers to the appointment mentioned before. Since the previous sentence had the date, the current is about the follow-up action. Still, the Sub-code SchedulingAppt includes other info related to seeing a provider. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under carecoordination in InfoGive? The Sub-code carecoordination involves organizing services. But the sentence is more about an appointment, so SchedulingAppt is better. \n\nI think the correct Code is InfoGive with Sub-code SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"stop by your office afterward\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"stop by your office afterward\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 979b9931384aab768ab0b922e4bae4a0876ae9a0a19a0c00c2633c9242858c33 | b3a71413e1de3ba2d05983d32a3e1568d02f79e093fea283b21aac97f891485f | 7d6e066c66757d3c91084e227cc74b11500cfd24d9bc3eb2b94bcf62c8ab738e | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"He will stop by your office afterward\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"He will stop by your office afterward.\" The previous sentence mentions that the patient hasn't received an email from the lab but has a date with Dr. Person2 to discuss a revised plan. The next sentence asks if Dr. Person3 wants the patient to continue on Meloxicam.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The current sentence is about someone (He) stopping by the office after a meeting with Dr. Person2. The next sentence is a follow-up question about medication, so the current sentence is part of coordinating care or appointments.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive's Sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times for appointments. The phrase \"stop by your office afterward\" indicates a plan related to an appointment, so that's SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. \n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient. The sentence could be part of maintaining communication or care coordination. However, the main action here is scheduling, so InfoGive seems more accurate. \n\nNo other codes like InfoSeek or Socioemotional seem relevant here. The key is the scheduling aspect. The span \"stop by your office afterward\" is the core phrase indicating scheduling. \n\nWait, but the exact Sub-code for SchedulingAppt is about dates and times. The current sentence doesn't have a specific date, but \"afterward\" refers to the appointment mentioned before. Since the previous sentence had the date, the current is about the follow-up action. Still, the Sub-code SchedulingAppt includes other info related to seeing a provider. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under carecoordination in InfoGive? The Sub-code carecoordination involves organizing services. But the sentence is more about an appointment, so SchedulingAppt is better. \n\nI think the correct Code is InfoGive with Sub-code SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"stop by your office afterward\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"stop by your office afterward\"}]}"
] |
57 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: He will stop by your office afterward.\n Current sentence: Does Dr. Person3 want Person1 to continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs?\n Next sentence: Originally prescribed by Dr. Person4 at ONS, but needs a new RX now.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Does Dr. Person3 want Person1 to continue on\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoSeek", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "Does Dr. Person3 want Person1 to continue on"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Good morning, I just want to confirm with Dr. Person1 that I will just be keeping my CT Scan in 3 months, I am assuming based on my lab results which he was waiting for?\n Current sentence: Also, if he is satisfied/pleased with the recent result....his thoughts?\n Next sentence: Thanks, Person2\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Also, if he is satisfied/pleased with the recent result....his thoughts?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi Not really I can have toast and it will bother me.\n Current sentence: I take Tums sometimes.\n Next sentence: This is happening for a few months off and on.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"I take Tums sometimes\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: He will stop by your office afterward.\n Current sentence: Does Dr. Person3 want Person1 to continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs?\n Next sentence: Originally prescribed by Dr. Person4 at ONS, but needs a new RX now.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
"until": [
"JSON_END"
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"temperature": 0,
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Does Dr. Person3 want Person1 to continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs?\" and the task is to identify the relevant codes and subcodes.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions someone stopping by the office afterward, and the next sentence talks about a prescription needing renewal. The current sentence is a question directed at Dr. Person3 about continuing a medication. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking information related to medical conditions or treatments. The question is asking about continuing a specific drug (Meloxicam), which falls under the Drugs subcode. \n\nAnother possible code is SharedDecisionPatient since the patient is asking for the doctor's opinion on continuing treatment, which involves decision-making. The subcode here might be \"SeekingApproval\" as the patient is seeking the provider's input. \n\nWait, but let me check the definitions again. SharedDecisionPatient's \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for permission. The question is phrased as asking what the doctor wants, so it's more about seeking the provider's decision, which might fit under SharedDecisionPatient's \"ExploreOptions\" or \"SeekingApproval\". Alternatively, since it's specifically about continuing a medication, maybe it's under InfoSeek's Drugs subcode. \n\nThe key here is that the patient is seeking information about whether to continue the medication, so InfoSeek with Drugs makes sense. The SharedDecision aspect might be a stretch unless it's about making a joint decision. Since the question is directly asking for the doctor's directive, it's more about seeking information rather than collaborative decision-making. \n\nSo the main code is InfoSeek with the Drugs subcode. The span would be \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\" but the exact wording in the question is \"want Person1 to continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\". The minimal span would be \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\" but maybe the entire question's intent is captured by \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs?\" \n\nAlternatively, the entire question is asking about the continuation of the drug, so the relevant part is \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\". \n\nTherefore, the result should be InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, span \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Does Dr. Person3 want Person1 to continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs?\" and the task is to identify the relevant codes and subcodes.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions someone stopping by the office afterward, and the next sentence talks about a prescription needing renewal. The current sentence is a question directed at Dr. Person3 about continuing a medication. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking information related to medical conditions or treatments. The question is asking about continuing a specific drug (Meloxicam), which falls under the Drugs subcode. \n\nAnother possible code is SharedDecisionPatient since the patient is asking for the doctor's opinion on continuing treatment, which involves decision-making. The subcode here might be \"SeekingApproval\" as the patient is seeking the provider's input. \n\nWait, but let me check the definitions again. SharedDecisionPatient's \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for permission. The question is phrased as asking what the doctor wants, so it's more about seeking the provider's decision, which might fit under SharedDecisionPatient's \"ExploreOptions\" or \"SeekingApproval\". Alternatively, since it's specifically about continuing a medication, maybe it's under InfoSeek's Drugs subcode. \n\nThe key here is that the patient is seeking information about whether to continue the medication, so InfoSeek with Drugs makes sense. The SharedDecision aspect might be a stretch unless it's about making a joint decision. Since the question is directly asking for the doctor's directive, it's more about seeking information rather than collaborative decision-making. \n\nSo the main code is InfoSeek with the Drugs subcode. The span would be \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\" but the exact wording in the question is \"want Person1 to continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\". The minimal span would be \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\" but maybe the entire question's intent is captured by \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs?\" \n\nAlternatively, the entire question is asking about the continuation of the drug, so the relevant part is \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\". \n\nTherefore, the result should be InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, span \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 90989d23a720c3054839bb5fc0635e0d7a8a7e55316ffce141f79b713121999f | 82ea6c6c45c314f3d7a795c17b82cf23b20725ab6f88409fffc252e3105c5b27 | 746ac1c33066664d8f69ef2205a948a8566ca198e0abac429511b46cafabc841 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Does Dr. Person3 want Person1 to continue on\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Does Dr. Person3 want Person1 to continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs?\" and the task is to identify the relevant codes and subcodes.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions someone stopping by the office afterward, and the next sentence talks about a prescription needing renewal. The current sentence is a question directed at Dr. Person3 about continuing a medication. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking information related to medical conditions or treatments. The question is asking about continuing a specific drug (Meloxicam), which falls under the Drugs subcode. \n\nAnother possible code is SharedDecisionPatient since the patient is asking for the doctor's opinion on continuing treatment, which involves decision-making. The subcode here might be \"SeekingApproval\" as the patient is seeking the provider's input. \n\nWait, but let me check the definitions again. SharedDecisionPatient's \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for permission. The question is phrased as asking what the doctor wants, so it's more about seeking the provider's decision, which might fit under SharedDecisionPatient's \"ExploreOptions\" or \"SeekingApproval\". Alternatively, since it's specifically about continuing a medication, maybe it's under InfoSeek's Drugs subcode. \n\nThe key here is that the patient is seeking information about whether to continue the medication, so InfoSeek with Drugs makes sense. The SharedDecision aspect might be a stretch unless it's about making a joint decision. Since the question is directly asking for the doctor's directive, it's more about seeking information rather than collaborative decision-making. \n\nSo the main code is InfoSeek with the Drugs subcode. The span would be \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\" but the exact wording in the question is \"want Person1 to continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\". The minimal span would be \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\" but maybe the entire question's intent is captured by \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs?\" \n\nAlternatively, the entire question is asking about the continuation of the drug, so the relevant part is \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\". \n\nTherefore, the result should be InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, span \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"continue on Meloxicam 15mg tabs\"}]}"
] |
58 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Originally prescribed by Dr. Person4 at ONS, but needs a new RX now.\n Current sentence: Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over -- unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it.\n Next sentence: CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX Thank you!\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi.\n Current sentence: I am in recovery for back surgery.\n Next sentence: All good but have to not do anything until they clear me.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"I am in recovery for back surgery\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Sodium is still 128.\n Next sentence: How are we going to address this?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"Sodium is still 128\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Originally prescribed by Dr. Person4 at ONS, but needs a new RX now.\n Current sentence: Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over -- unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it.\n Next sentence: CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX Thank you!\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
"until": [
"JSON_END"
],
"do_sample": false,
"temperature": 0,
"max_gen_toks": 1024
}
}
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over -- unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions that the patient was originally prescribed medication by Dr. Person4 at ONS but now needs a new prescription. The current sentence talks about Dr. Person3 taking over, but there's uncertainty if he changed his mind. The next sentence provides pharmacy contact info and a thank you.\n\nStarting with Code identification. The current sentence is about a doctor (Dr. Person3) possibly taking over the prescription. The key here is that the patient is informing about a change in provider's decision. \n\nLooking at the Codes: \n\n- InfoGive: Providing information. The patient is giving info about Dr. Person3's statement. The sub-code here might be \"Instruction\" since it's about continuing treatment, but wait, \"Instruction\" is for guidance on actions. Alternatively, \"Diagnostics\" doesn't fit. Maybe \"Generalinformation\" because it's about the provider's decision. \n\nWait, \"take it over\" likely refers to taking over the prescription responsibility. The uncertainty (\"unless he has changed his mind\") suggests the patient is seeking confirmation or updating the provider's stance. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under PartnershipPatient? The patient is expressing a concern or uncertainty, which might fall under \"ExpressConcern/unease\" in Socioemotional/Empathy? Let me check the sub-codes again.\n\nLooking at Socioemotional/Empathy's sub-codes: \"ExpressConcern/unease\" is about anxiety or doubts. The patient is expressing doubt about whether Dr. Person3 still wants to continue, so that could fit here. \n\nBut also, the main part is conveying information about the doctor's previous statement. So maybe both codes are applicable here. \n\nFirst, for InfoGive: The patient is providing information about Dr. Person3's willingness to take over the prescription. The sub-code here would be \"Instruction\" if it's about how to proceed, but maybe \"carecoordination\" since it's about transferring care? Wait, \"carecoordination\" is a sub-code under InfoGive. The sentence is about coordinating the prescription between providers, so \"carecoordination\" might fit. \n\nAlternatively, \"Instruction\" is for providing guidance on actions. The patient is informing that Dr. Person3 is taking over, so maybe \"Generalinformation\" because it's about the provider's decision, not directly a medical instruction. \n\nHmm. The exact phrase is \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over -- unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it.\" The key part is the uncertainty about whether the doctor's mind has changed. \n\nAnother angle: The patient is seeking confirmation, which might be under PartnershipPatient's \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because they're engaging in their care by checking the doctor's current stance. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of the doctor's possible change of mind could be under \"InfoSeek\" if the patient is seeking information about the prescription continuation. But the current sentence is a statement, not a question. \n\nWait, the next sentence is a thank you and pharmacy info, so maybe the current sentence is part of providing necessary info for the prescription to proceed. \n\nAlternatively, the \"unless he has changed his mind\" part is the patient expressing concern that the doctor might not continue, so that's an expression of concern, hence Socioemotional/Empathy's \"ExpressConcern/unease\".\n\nSo possible codes and subcodes:\n\n1. InfoGive with Sub-code \"carecoordination\" because it's about transferring prescription responsibility between doctors. The span would be \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over\".\n\n2. Socioemotional/Empathy with Sub-code \"ExpressConcern/unease\" for the part \"unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it\".\n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence could be split into two spans. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nFor InfoGive's carecoordination: \"deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently.\" The mention of Dr. Person3 taking over the prescription fits here as coordination between providers.\n\nThe second part about uncertainty could be the concern. \n\nSo the spans would be:\n\n- \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over\" → InfoGive, carecoordination.\n\n- \"unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it\" → Socioemotional/Empathy, ExpressConcern/unease.\n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence might be considered as a single span, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. So splitting makes sense.\n\nAnother check: The previous sentence mentions needing a new RX, so the current is about the doctor's agreement, but with uncertainty. The next sentence is a thank you, so maybe the \"thank you\" is a separate code (like PartnershipPatient's Appreciation"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over -- unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions that the patient was originally prescribed medication by Dr. Person4 at ONS but now needs a new prescription. The current sentence talks about Dr. Person3 taking over, but there's uncertainty if he changed his mind. The next sentence provides pharmacy contact info and a thank you.\n\nStarting with Code identification. The current sentence is about a doctor (Dr. Person3) possibly taking over the prescription. The key here is that the patient is informing about a change in provider's decision. \n\nLooking at the Codes: \n\n- InfoGive: Providing information. The patient is giving info about Dr. Person3's statement. The sub-code here might be \"Instruction\" since it's about continuing treatment, but wait, \"Instruction\" is for guidance on actions. Alternatively, \"Diagnostics\" doesn't fit. Maybe \"Generalinformation\" because it's about the provider's decision. \n\nWait, \"take it over\" likely refers to taking over the prescription responsibility. The uncertainty (\"unless he has changed his mind\") suggests the patient is seeking confirmation or updating the provider's stance. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under PartnershipPatient? The patient is expressing a concern or uncertainty, which might fall under \"ExpressConcern/unease\" in Socioemotional/Empathy? Let me check the sub-codes again.\n\nLooking at Socioemotional/Empathy's sub-codes: \"ExpressConcern/unease\" is about anxiety or doubts. The patient is expressing doubt about whether Dr. Person3 still wants to continue, so that could fit here. \n\nBut also, the main part is conveying information about the doctor's previous statement. So maybe both codes are applicable here. \n\nFirst, for InfoGive: The patient is providing information about Dr. Person3's willingness to take over the prescription. The sub-code here would be \"Instruction\" if it's about how to proceed, but maybe \"carecoordination\" since it's about transferring care? Wait, \"carecoordination\" is a sub-code under InfoGive. The sentence is about coordinating the prescription between providers, so \"carecoordination\" might fit. \n\nAlternatively, \"Instruction\" is for providing guidance on actions. The patient is informing that Dr. Person3 is taking over, so maybe \"Generalinformation\" because it's about the provider's decision, not directly a medical instruction. \n\nHmm. The exact phrase is \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over -- unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it.\" The key part is the uncertainty about whether the doctor's mind has changed. \n\nAnother angle: The patient is seeking confirmation, which might be under PartnershipPatient's \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because they're engaging in their care by checking the doctor's current stance. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of the doctor's possible change of mind could be under \"InfoSeek\" if the patient is seeking information about the prescription continuation. But the current sentence is a statement, not a question. \n\nWait, the next sentence is a thank you and pharmacy info, so maybe the current sentence is part of providing necessary info for the prescription to proceed. \n\nAlternatively, the \"unless he has changed his mind\" part is the patient expressing concern that the doctor might not continue, so that's an expression of concern, hence Socioemotional/Empathy's \"ExpressConcern/unease\".\n\nSo possible codes and subcodes:\n\n1. InfoGive with Sub-code \"carecoordination\" because it's about transferring prescription responsibility between doctors. The span would be \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over\".\n\n2. Socioemotional/Empathy with Sub-code \"ExpressConcern/unease\" for the part \"unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it\".\n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence could be split into two spans. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nFor InfoGive's carecoordination: \"deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently.\" The mention of Dr. Person3 taking over the prescription fits here as coordination between providers.\n\nThe second part about uncertainty could be the concern. \n\nSo the spans would be:\n\n- \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over\" → InfoGive, carecoordination.\n\n- \"unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it\" → Socioemotional/Empathy, ExpressConcern/unease.\n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence might be considered as a single span, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. So splitting makes sense.\n\nAnother check: The previous sentence mentions needing a new RX, so the current is about the doctor's agreement, but with uncertainty. The next sentence is a thank you, so maybe the \"thank you\" is a separate code (like PartnershipPatient's Appreciation"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 8df721324f231ce27eb09d71d493f17a42803526d434fa62dc6857e4981c6d36 | 1dc49e732912b74074b151c6a976585f257845035f4473762b1fcef0fde55622 | b6e7e86b2e0232919c5e28eca2005314521aba1ffbc41bfbbb16bcd39fe90ee3 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over -- unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions that the patient was originally prescribed medication by Dr. Person4 at ONS but now needs a new prescription. The current sentence talks about Dr. Person3 taking over, but there's uncertainty if he changed his mind. The next sentence provides pharmacy contact info and a thank you.\n\nStarting with Code identification. The current sentence is about a doctor (Dr. Person3) possibly taking over the prescription. The key here is that the patient is informing about a change in provider's decision. \n\nLooking at the Codes: \n\n- InfoGive: Providing information. The patient is giving info about Dr. Person3's statement. The sub-code here might be \"Instruction\" since it's about continuing treatment, but wait, \"Instruction\" is for guidance on actions. Alternatively, \"Diagnostics\" doesn't fit. Maybe \"Generalinformation\" because it's about the provider's decision. \n\nWait, \"take it over\" likely refers to taking over the prescription responsibility. The uncertainty (\"unless he has changed his mind\") suggests the patient is seeking confirmation or updating the provider's stance. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under PartnershipPatient? The patient is expressing a concern or uncertainty, which might fall under \"ExpressConcern/unease\" in Socioemotional/Empathy? Let me check the sub-codes again.\n\nLooking at Socioemotional/Empathy's sub-codes: \"ExpressConcern/unease\" is about anxiety or doubts. The patient is expressing doubt about whether Dr. Person3 still wants to continue, so that could fit here. \n\nBut also, the main part is conveying information about the doctor's previous statement. So maybe both codes are applicable here. \n\nFirst, for InfoGive: The patient is providing information about Dr. Person3's willingness to take over the prescription. The sub-code here would be \"Instruction\" if it's about how to proceed, but maybe \"carecoordination\" since it's about transferring care? Wait, \"carecoordination\" is a sub-code under InfoGive. The sentence is about coordinating the prescription between providers, so \"carecoordination\" might fit. \n\nAlternatively, \"Instruction\" is for providing guidance on actions. The patient is informing that Dr. Person3 is taking over, so maybe \"Generalinformation\" because it's about the provider's decision, not directly a medical instruction. \n\nHmm. The exact phrase is \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over -- unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it.\" The key part is the uncertainty about whether the doctor's mind has changed. \n\nAnother angle: The patient is seeking confirmation, which might be under PartnershipPatient's \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because they're engaging in their care by checking the doctor's current stance. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of the doctor's possible change of mind could be under \"InfoSeek\" if the patient is seeking information about the prescription continuation. But the current sentence is a statement, not a question. \n\nWait, the next sentence is a thank you and pharmacy info, so maybe the current sentence is part of providing necessary info for the prescription to proceed. \n\nAlternatively, the \"unless he has changed his mind\" part is the patient expressing concern that the doctor might not continue, so that's an expression of concern, hence Socioemotional/Empathy's \"ExpressConcern/unease\".\n\nSo possible codes and subcodes:\n\n1. InfoGive with Sub-code \"carecoordination\" because it's about transferring prescription responsibility between doctors. The span would be \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over\".\n\n2. Socioemotional/Empathy with Sub-code \"ExpressConcern/unease\" for the part \"unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it\".\n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence could be split into two spans. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nFor InfoGive's carecoordination: \"deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently.\" The mention of Dr. Person3 taking over the prescription fits here as coordination between providers.\n\nThe second part about uncertainty could be the concern. \n\nSo the spans would be:\n\n- \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over\" → InfoGive, carecoordination.\n\n- \"unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it\" → Socioemotional/Empathy, ExpressConcern/unease.\n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence might be considered as a single span, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. So splitting makes sense.\n\nAnother check: The previous sentence mentions needing a new RX, so the current is about the doctor's agreement, but with uncertainty. The next sentence is a thank you, so maybe the \"thank you\" is a separate code (like PartnershipPatient's Appreciation"
] |
59 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over -- unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it.\n Current sentence: CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX Thank you!\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you!\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "signoff", "Span": "Thank you!"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Mass General read the last visit notes and would like to see result before the day of surgery.\n Current sentence: Thanks, Person\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thanks\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: MM/DD/YYYY appointment is here in Org2 with Dr Person1 So call Org2 and reschedule XXX-XXX-XXXX\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"MM/DD/YYYY appointment is here in Org2 with Dr Person1\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"So call Org2\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"reschedule\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over -- unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it.\n Current sentence: CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX Thank you!\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient's message, and I need to analyze the current sentence to identify the relevant codes and sub-codes according to the provided definitions. \n\nFirst, let's look at the input details. The patient's current sentence is \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX Thank you!\" with the previous sentence being \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over -- unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it.\" and the next sentence is none. \n\nStarting with step 1: Understand the Input Sentence. \n\n1.1 Analyze the Previous, Current, and Next sentences. The previous sentence mentions Dr. Person3 possibly changing his mind about continuing a treatment. The current sentence has a phone number for CVS Pharmacy and a \"Thank you!\" The next sentence is none, so the current is the closing sentence.\n\n1.2 Since the next sentence is none, the current is the closing sentence. \n\n1.3 Breaking down the current sentence: \"CVS Pharmacy\" is a pharmacy name, \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\" is a phone number, and \"Thank you!\" is an expression of gratitude. \n\nMoving to step 2: Identify Relevant Codes. \n\nLooking at the parts of the current sentence. The phone number and CVS Pharmacy might relate to providing information about where to get medication, which could fall under InfoGive (specifically Drugs or carecoordination). However, the key part here is \"Thank you!\" which is an expression of gratitude. \n\nThe \"Thank you!\" is likely part of the PartnershipPatient code, specifically the Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code. Since the current sentence is the closing one, \"Thank you!\" could also be a signoff, but signoff is a separate sub-code. However, Appreciation/Gratitude is more about expressing thanks, which fits here. \n\nNow, the CVS Pharmacy and phone number: providing contact information for a pharmacy. This could be under InfoGive's Generalinformation sub-code, as it's administrative info. Alternatively, if it's about where to get drugs, maybe Drugs sub-code. But the phone number is contact info, so Generalinformation might be better. \n\nWait, the definition for InfoGive's Generalinformation is administrative or logistical info. The phone number for a pharmacy is logistical, so that's a fit. So \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX\" would be under InfoGive-Generalinformation. \n\nThen \"Thank you!\" is PartnershipPatient-Appreciation/Gratitude. \n\nBut let me check the codes again. \n\nLooking at the codes:\n\nFor InfoGive, the sub-code \"Generalinformation\" includes administrative or logistical info. The phone number and pharmacy name are logistical details, so that's correct. \n\nThe \"Thank you!\" is definitely Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient. \n\nAre there any other codes here? The previous sentence mentions a doctor's decision, but the current sentence's parts don't relate to that. \n\nSo the codes would be:\n\n1. InfoGive-Generalinformation for \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX\"\n\n2. PartnershipPatient-Appreciation/Gratitude for \"Thank you!\"\n\nWait, but the \"Thank you!\" is at the end of the message, which is the closing sentence. The Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code is under PartnershipPatient and also under PartnershipProvider. But since the speaker is the patient, it's PartnershipPatient. \n\nAdditionally, the \"Thank you!\" could also be considered a signoff. Let me check the sub-codes for PartnershipPatient. The signoff sub-code is for indicating the message is complete. The Appreciation/Gratitude is for expressing thanks. Since \"Thank you!\" is an expression of gratitude, it's better under Appreciation/Gratitude. \n\nSo the two pairs are:\n\n- InfoGive-Generalinformation with the span \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX\"\n\n- PartnershipPatient-Appreciation/Gratitude with the span \"Thank you!\"\n\nWait, but the phone number and pharmacy name are part of the same span. The entire \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX\" is the information given, so that's one span for InfoGive-Generalinformation. \n\nIs there any other code? The \"CVS Pharmacy\" could also relate to HealthcareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH, but since the patient is providing the pharmacy's contact info, it's more about logistical info, so Generalinformation is better. \n\nTherefore, the final answer should have those two entries.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you!\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient's message, and I need to analyze the current sentence to identify the relevant codes and sub-codes according to the provided definitions. \n\nFirst, let's look at the input details. The patient's current sentence is \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX Thank you!\" with the previous sentence being \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over -- unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it.\" and the next sentence is none. \n\nStarting with step 1: Understand the Input Sentence. \n\n1.1 Analyze the Previous, Current, and Next sentences. The previous sentence mentions Dr. Person3 possibly changing his mind about continuing a treatment. The current sentence has a phone number for CVS Pharmacy and a \"Thank you!\" The next sentence is none, so the current is the closing sentence.\n\n1.2 Since the next sentence is none, the current is the closing sentence. \n\n1.3 Breaking down the current sentence: \"CVS Pharmacy\" is a pharmacy name, \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\" is a phone number, and \"Thank you!\" is an expression of gratitude. \n\nMoving to step 2: Identify Relevant Codes. \n\nLooking at the parts of the current sentence. The phone number and CVS Pharmacy might relate to providing information about where to get medication, which could fall under InfoGive (specifically Drugs or carecoordination). However, the key part here is \"Thank you!\" which is an expression of gratitude. \n\nThe \"Thank you!\" is likely part of the PartnershipPatient code, specifically the Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code. Since the current sentence is the closing one, \"Thank you!\" could also be a signoff, but signoff is a separate sub-code. However, Appreciation/Gratitude is more about expressing thanks, which fits here. \n\nNow, the CVS Pharmacy and phone number: providing contact information for a pharmacy. This could be under InfoGive's Generalinformation sub-code, as it's administrative info. Alternatively, if it's about where to get drugs, maybe Drugs sub-code. But the phone number is contact info, so Generalinformation might be better. \n\nWait, the definition for InfoGive's Generalinformation is administrative or logistical info. The phone number for a pharmacy is logistical, so that's a fit. So \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX\" would be under InfoGive-Generalinformation. \n\nThen \"Thank you!\" is PartnershipPatient-Appreciation/Gratitude. \n\nBut let me check the codes again. \n\nLooking at the codes:\n\nFor InfoGive, the sub-code \"Generalinformation\" includes administrative or logistical info. The phone number and pharmacy name are logistical details, so that's correct. \n\nThe \"Thank you!\" is definitely Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient. \n\nAre there any other codes here? The previous sentence mentions a doctor's decision, but the current sentence's parts don't relate to that. \n\nSo the codes would be:\n\n1. InfoGive-Generalinformation for \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX\"\n\n2. PartnershipPatient-Appreciation/Gratitude for \"Thank you!\"\n\nWait, but the \"Thank you!\" is at the end of the message, which is the closing sentence. The Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code is under PartnershipPatient and also under PartnershipProvider. But since the speaker is the patient, it's PartnershipPatient. \n\nAdditionally, the \"Thank you!\" could also be considered a signoff. Let me check the sub-codes for PartnershipPatient. The signoff sub-code is for indicating the message is complete. The Appreciation/Gratitude is for expressing thanks. Since \"Thank you!\" is an expression of gratitude, it's better under Appreciation/Gratitude. \n\nSo the two pairs are:\n\n- InfoGive-Generalinformation with the span \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX\"\n\n- PartnershipPatient-Appreciation/Gratitude with the span \"Thank you!\"\n\nWait, but the phone number and pharmacy name are part of the same span. The entire \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX\" is the information given, so that's one span for InfoGive-Generalinformation. \n\nIs there any other code? The \"CVS Pharmacy\" could also relate to HealthcareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH, but since the patient is providing the pharmacy's contact info, it's more about logistical info, so Generalinformation is better. \n\nTherefore, the final answer should have those two entries.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you!\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | e5a8bbada613f81e8a5f2de2214a7f7c4f368cdde3978e7bc2d45ac4d4ad5ff3 | c6c1a11732814ff8b908def4ac0e2b8c2c2af5f4877481e5c62872c69bf6c222 | 90399224e60366acdbb9f209aa514e05a3fb8ae04a10530f58b5b4a26572ec5a | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you!\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient's message, and I need to analyze the current sentence to identify the relevant codes and sub-codes according to the provided definitions. \n\nFirst, let's look at the input details. The patient's current sentence is \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX Thank you!\" with the previous sentence being \"Dr. Person3 said he'd take it over -- unless he has changed his mind about continuing with it.\" and the next sentence is none. \n\nStarting with step 1: Understand the Input Sentence. \n\n1.1 Analyze the Previous, Current, and Next sentences. The previous sentence mentions Dr. Person3 possibly changing his mind about continuing a treatment. The current sentence has a phone number for CVS Pharmacy and a \"Thank you!\" The next sentence is none, so the current is the closing sentence.\n\n1.2 Since the next sentence is none, the current is the closing sentence. \n\n1.3 Breaking down the current sentence: \"CVS Pharmacy\" is a pharmacy name, \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\" is a phone number, and \"Thank you!\" is an expression of gratitude. \n\nMoving to step 2: Identify Relevant Codes. \n\nLooking at the parts of the current sentence. The phone number and CVS Pharmacy might relate to providing information about where to get medication, which could fall under InfoGive (specifically Drugs or carecoordination). However, the key part here is \"Thank you!\" which is an expression of gratitude. \n\nThe \"Thank you!\" is likely part of the PartnershipPatient code, specifically the Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code. Since the current sentence is the closing one, \"Thank you!\" could also be a signoff, but signoff is a separate sub-code. However, Appreciation/Gratitude is more about expressing thanks, which fits here. \n\nNow, the CVS Pharmacy and phone number: providing contact information for a pharmacy. This could be under InfoGive's Generalinformation sub-code, as it's administrative info. Alternatively, if it's about where to get drugs, maybe Drugs sub-code. But the phone number is contact info, so Generalinformation might be better. \n\nWait, the definition for InfoGive's Generalinformation is administrative or logistical info. The phone number for a pharmacy is logistical, so that's a fit. So \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX\" would be under InfoGive-Generalinformation. \n\nThen \"Thank you!\" is PartnershipPatient-Appreciation/Gratitude. \n\nBut let me check the codes again. \n\nLooking at the codes:\n\nFor InfoGive, the sub-code \"Generalinformation\" includes administrative or logistical info. The phone number and pharmacy name are logistical details, so that's correct. \n\nThe \"Thank you!\" is definitely Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient. \n\nAre there any other codes here? The previous sentence mentions a doctor's decision, but the current sentence's parts don't relate to that. \n\nSo the codes would be:\n\n1. InfoGive-Generalinformation for \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX\"\n\n2. PartnershipPatient-Appreciation/Gratitude for \"Thank you!\"\n\nWait, but the \"Thank you!\" is at the end of the message, which is the closing sentence. The Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code is under PartnershipPatient and also under PartnershipProvider. But since the speaker is the patient, it's PartnershipPatient. \n\nAdditionally, the \"Thank you!\" could also be considered a signoff. Let me check the sub-codes for PartnershipPatient. The signoff sub-code is for indicating the message is complete. The Appreciation/Gratitude is for expressing thanks. Since \"Thank you!\" is an expression of gratitude, it's better under Appreciation/Gratitude. \n\nSo the two pairs are:\n\n- InfoGive-Generalinformation with the span \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX\"\n\n- PartnershipPatient-Appreciation/Gratitude with the span \"Thank you!\"\n\nWait, but the phone number and pharmacy name are part of the same span. The entire \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX\" is the information given, so that's one span for InfoGive-Generalinformation. \n\nIs there any other code? The \"CVS Pharmacy\" could also relate to HealthcareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH, but since the patient is providing the pharmacy's contact info, it's more about logistical info, so Generalinformation is better. \n\nTherefore, the final answer should have those two entries.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"CVS Pharmacy XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you!\"}]}"
] |
60 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Greetings, Dr. Person1 would like to see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY (other days Person2 is at Radiology w Dr. Person3).\n Next sentence: Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"would like to see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "salutation", "Span": "Greetings"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "would like to see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: I have not rec'd email message from blood testing lab, but Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY with Dr. Person2 MM/DD/YYYY to discuss revised radio-surgery plan.\n Next sentence: He will stop by your office afterward.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"not rec'd email message from blood testing lab\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Person1 has MM/DD/YYYY\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"inviteCollaboration\", \"Span\": \"discuss revised radio-surgery plan\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person1 spoke to Dr. Person2 this morning who recommend you come in tomorrow for your post op and drain removal.\n Current sentence: Any questions give the office a call to speak with her XXX-XXX-XXXX\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"Any questions give the office a call to speak with her XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Greetings, Dr. Person1 would like to see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY (other days Person2 is at Radiology w Dr. Person3).\n Next sentence: Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Greetings, Dr. Person1 would like to see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY (other days Person2 is at Radiology w Dr. Person3).\" The patient is starting with \"Greetings,\" which is a clear salutation. Since the previous sentence is None, this is the opening sentence. The salutation Sub-code under PartnershipPatient fits here because it's the start of the message.\n\nNext, \"Dr. Person1 would like to see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY\" mentions scheduling an appointment. The date and day indicate SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. The part in parentheses explains that on other days, Person2 is with another doctor, which might relate to scheduling constraints but doesn't fit SchedulingAppt's definition exactly. However, the main scheduling info is the specific date given.\n\nLooking at the next sentence, the patient asks to know when Person2 can be squeezed in, which is a request for scheduling, reinforcing that the current sentence's scheduling part is InfoGive-SchedulingAppt.\n\nThe \"Greetings\" part is a salutation, so under PartnershipPatient's salutation Sub-code. The span here is \"Greetings,\".\n\nThe scheduling part's span is \"see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY\".\n\nI need to check if there are other codes. The mention of Radiology and another doctor might relate to care coordination, but the main focus here is scheduling. So the two codes are PartnershipPatient (salutation) and InfoGive (SchedulingAppt).\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Greetings, Dr. Person1 would like to see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY (other days Person2 is at Radiology w Dr. Person3).\" The patient is starting with \"Greetings,\" which is a clear salutation. Since the previous sentence is None, this is the opening sentence. The salutation Sub-code under PartnershipPatient fits here because it's the start of the message.\n\nNext, \"Dr. Person1 would like to see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY\" mentions scheduling an appointment. The date and day indicate SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. The part in parentheses explains that on other days, Person2 is with another doctor, which might relate to scheduling constraints but doesn't fit SchedulingAppt's definition exactly. However, the main scheduling info is the specific date given.\n\nLooking at the next sentence, the patient asks to know when Person2 can be squeezed in, which is a request for scheduling, reinforcing that the current sentence's scheduling part is InfoGive-SchedulingAppt.\n\nThe \"Greetings\" part is a salutation, so under PartnershipPatient's salutation Sub-code. The span here is \"Greetings,\".\n\nThe scheduling part's span is \"see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY\".\n\nI need to check if there are other codes. The mention of Radiology and another doctor might relate to care coordination, but the main focus here is scheduling. So the two codes are PartnershipPatient (salutation) and InfoGive (SchedulingAppt).\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 55adf1786b2b01d4048c00bad51848b072bc9401eeb330d3792b49e2d0603f5e | 74b82a60cb2613a329af2b316f755554cd7bfda73663d82e7150b35b6595a342 | 256c5cd28b0ac7a3daecc5e08ad89270fdb153d3f4f075741ba6d20cd2742d94 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"would like to see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Greetings, Dr. Person1 would like to see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY (other days Person2 is at Radiology w Dr. Person3).\" The patient is starting with \"Greetings,\" which is a clear salutation. Since the previous sentence is None, this is the opening sentence. The salutation Sub-code under PartnershipPatient fits here because it's the start of the message.\n\nNext, \"Dr. Person1 would like to see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY\" mentions scheduling an appointment. The date and day indicate SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. The part in parentheses explains that on other days, Person2 is with another doctor, which might relate to scheduling constraints but doesn't fit SchedulingAppt's definition exactly. However, the main scheduling info is the specific date given.\n\nLooking at the next sentence, the patient asks to know when Person2 can be squeezed in, which is a request for scheduling, reinforcing that the current sentence's scheduling part is InfoGive-SchedulingAppt.\n\nThe \"Greetings\" part is a salutation, so under PartnershipPatient's salutation Sub-code. The span here is \"Greetings,\".\n\nThe scheduling part's span is \"see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY\".\n\nI need to check if there are other codes. The mention of Radiology and another doctor might relate to care coordination, but the main focus here is scheduling. So the two codes are PartnershipPatient (salutation) and InfoGive (SchedulingAppt).\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
] |
61 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Greetings, Dr. Person1 would like to see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY (other days Person2 is at Radiology w Dr. Person3).\n Current sentence: Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?\n Next sentence: XXX-XXX-XXXX (pls lv msg) I also spoke w Dr. B about 2 Rxs that have been pending for MM/DD/YYYY: 1) Oxycodone 15mg rapid release; current Rx will run out by tmrrw, MM/DD/YYYY Sept. MM/DD/YYYY) Eliquis 5mg; current Rx will run out Sun.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoSeek", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hello Person1, When you last saw Dr. Person2 on MM/DD/YYYY she recommended a PET in 3 months and follow up after.\n Current sentence: Do you want me to get that scheduled for you?\n Next sentence: - Person3\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Do you want me to get that scheduled for you?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi Person1, Dr. Person2 has to submit it and she is still seeing patients so hasn't had a chance yet.\n Current sentence: Did he pick up the dexamethasone and Compazine?\n Next sentence: You should take two of the dexamethasone tomorrow morning with breakfast.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Did he pick up the dexamethasone and Compazine?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Greetings, Dr. Person1 would like to see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY (other days Person2 is at Radiology w Dr. Person3).\n Current sentence: Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?\n Next sentence: XXX-XXX-XXXX (pls lv msg) I also spoke w Dr. B about 2 Rxs that have been pending for MM/DD/YYYY: 1) Oxycodone 15mg rapid release; current Rx will run out by tmrrw, MM/DD/YYYY Sept. MM/DD/YYYY) Eliquis 5mg; current Rx will run out Sun.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The user wants me to analyze the current sentence from the patient's message and identify the relevant codes and subcodes based on the provided definitions. \n\nFirst, I need to look at the input. The patient's current sentence is: \"Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?\" The previous sentence mentions scheduling an appointment on a specific date, and the next sentence talks about pending prescriptions. \n\nStarting with the first step: understanding the input sentence. The previous sentence is about scheduling an appointment, and the next one is about prescriptions. The current sentence is a request to know when Person2 can be squeezed in, which seems related to scheduling. \n\nNext, identifying the relevant codes. The sentence is asking about scheduling an appointment, so looking at the codes, InfoSeek has a subcode for SchedulingAppt. That fits here. \n\nNow checking if there are other possible codes. The sentence isn't seeking information about drugs or diagnostics, so other subcodes under InfoSeek like Drugs or Diagnostics don't apply. It's purely about scheduling. \n\nThen, the subcode for SchedulingAppt under InfoSeek is correct. The span here is the entire question since it's directly asking about scheduling. \n\nWait, but the next sentence mentions prescriptions. However, the current sentence is only about scheduling. So no other codes apply here. \n\nI should also check if there's any Partnership code involved. The patient is asking to be informed, which might involve PartnershipPatient's active participation, but the primary intent here is seeking scheduling info, so InfoSeek is more accurate. \n\nTherefore, the correct code is InfoSeek with the subcode SchedulingAppt, and the span is the entire current sentence.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The user wants me to analyze the current sentence from the patient's message and identify the relevant codes and subcodes based on the provided definitions. \n\nFirst, I need to look at the input. The patient's current sentence is: \"Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?\" The previous sentence mentions scheduling an appointment on a specific date, and the next sentence talks about pending prescriptions. \n\nStarting with the first step: understanding the input sentence. The previous sentence is about scheduling an appointment, and the next one is about prescriptions. The current sentence is a request to know when Person2 can be squeezed in, which seems related to scheduling. \n\nNext, identifying the relevant codes. The sentence is asking about scheduling an appointment, so looking at the codes, InfoSeek has a subcode for SchedulingAppt. That fits here. \n\nNow checking if there are other possible codes. The sentence isn't seeking information about drugs or diagnostics, so other subcodes under InfoSeek like Drugs or Diagnostics don't apply. It's purely about scheduling. \n\nThen, the subcode for SchedulingAppt under InfoSeek is correct. The span here is the entire question since it's directly asking about scheduling. \n\nWait, but the next sentence mentions prescriptions. However, the current sentence is only about scheduling. So no other codes apply here. \n\nI should also check if there's any Partnership code involved. The patient is asking to be informed, which might involve PartnershipPatient's active participation, but the primary intent here is seeking scheduling info, so InfoSeek is more accurate. \n\nTherefore, the correct code is InfoSeek with the subcode SchedulingAppt, and the span is the entire current sentence.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?\"}]}"
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"evaluate_eppc"
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"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The user wants me to analyze the current sentence from the patient's message and identify the relevant codes and subcodes based on the provided definitions. \n\nFirst, I need to look at the input. The patient's current sentence is: \"Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?\" The previous sentence mentions scheduling an appointment on a specific date, and the next sentence talks about pending prescriptions. \n\nStarting with the first step: understanding the input sentence. The previous sentence is about scheduling an appointment, and the next one is about prescriptions. The current sentence is a request to know when Person2 can be squeezed in, which seems related to scheduling. \n\nNext, identifying the relevant codes. The sentence is asking about scheduling an appointment, so looking at the codes, InfoSeek has a subcode for SchedulingAppt. That fits here. \n\nNow checking if there are other possible codes. The sentence isn't seeking information about drugs or diagnostics, so other subcodes under InfoSeek like Drugs or Diagnostics don't apply. It's purely about scheduling. \n\nThen, the subcode for SchedulingAppt under InfoSeek is correct. The span here is the entire question since it's directly asking about scheduling. \n\nWait, but the next sentence mentions prescriptions. However, the current sentence is only about scheduling. So no other codes apply here. \n\nI should also check if there's any Partnership code involved. The patient is asking to be informed, which might involve PartnershipPatient's active participation, but the primary intent here is seeking scheduling info, so InfoSeek is more accurate. \n\nTherefore, the correct code is InfoSeek with the subcode SchedulingAppt, and the span is the entire current sentence.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?\"}]}"
] |
62 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?\n Current sentence: XXX-XXX-XXXX (pls lv msg) I also spoke w Dr. B about 2 Rxs that have been pending for MM/DD/YYYY: 1) Oxycodone 15mg rapid release; current Rx will run out by tmrrw, MM/DD/YYYY Sept. MM/DD/YYYY) Eliquis 5mg; current Rx will run out Sun.\n Next sentence: MM/DD/YYYY p.m. Dr. Person4 said he would take over this RX; Person5 sent in pre-auth info to Cigna approx.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"I also spoke w Dr. B about 2 Rxs\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Oxycodone 15mg rapid release; current Rx will run out by tmrrw\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Eliquis 5mg; current Rx will run out\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "I also spoke w Dr. B about 2 Rxs"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "Oxycodone 15mg rapid release; current Rx will run out by tmrrw"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "Eliquis 5mg; current Rx will run out"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hello Person1.\n Current sentence: He recommended Zanubrutinib at this time.\n Next sentence: He had wanted to add me to a trial he running that he said would likely cure me but because of the lung cancer diagnosis I would have to wait two years.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"He recommended Zanubrutinib at this time\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Unfortunately I haven begun the dental work.\n Current sentence: I don begin until MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: The covid pandemic has created a huge backup.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I don begin until MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?\n Current sentence: XXX-XXX-XXXX (pls lv msg) I also spoke w Dr. B about 2 Rxs that have been pending for MM/DD/YYYY: 1) Oxycodone 15mg rapid release; current Rx will run out by tmrrw, MM/DD/YYYY Sept. MM/DD/YYYY) Eliquis 5mg; current Rx will run out Sun.\n Next sentence: MM/DD/YYYY p.m. Dr. Person4 said he would take over this RX; Person5 sent in pre-auth info to Cigna approx.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is a bit long and has some abbreviations and medical terms. First, I need to understand the context by looking at the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence is asking when someone can be squeezed in, which might relate to scheduling. The current sentence includes a phone number, mentions speaking with Dr. B about two pending prescriptions, their expiration dates, and some insurance info. The next sentence mentions a doctor taking over the prescription and pre-authorization sent to Cigna.\n\nStarting with the current sentence: The patient is providing information about their prescriptions. The key parts here are the mention of \"Rxs that have been pending,\" the specific drugs (Oxycodone and Eliquis), their expiration dates, and the mention of pre-auth to Cigna. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance or information. The sub-code here would be Drugs since they're listing specific medications. The span for that would be \"Oxycodone 15mg rapid release\" and \"Eliquis 5mg\". \n\nAdditionally, the part about the prescriptions being pending since a specific date and running out might relate to care coordination or scheduling. However, the sub-code for InfoGive's carecoordination is about organizing services, but here it's more about the status of the prescriptions. The mention of the insurance (Cigna) and pre-auth could tie into HealthcareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH, but the main focus here is on the drugs themselves and their status. \n\nThe \"pls lv msg\" might be a request for a leave message, but that's more about communication. However, the main elements are the drugs and their pending status. \n\nAnother angle: The patient is informing the provider about the pending prescriptions, so that's InfoGive (providing info) with the sub-code Drugs. The mention of the dates when the prescriptions run out could also relate to SchedulingAppt, but the sub-code for SchedulingAppt is about appointment dates, not medication expiration. So probably just Drugs here. \n\nAlso, the part about the pre-auth to Cigna might touch on Insurance under HealthcareAccessAndQuality in InfoGiveSDOH. But since the main focus is on the drugs and their status, the primary code is InfoGive with Drugs. \n\nWait, the sentence also mentions \"pending for MM/DD/YYYY\" which could be part of the prescription process. But the key is the specific drugs listed. \n\nSo the main span would be the drug names and their details. The other parts like the dates and insurance might not fit into the sub-codes listed. \n\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoGive with Drugs, with the span being the drug names and their details. The exact span would be \"Oxycodone 15mg rapid release; current Rx will run out by tmrrw, MM/DD/YYYY Sept. MM/DD/YYYY) Eliquis 5mg; current Rx will run out Sun.\" but the minimal span should be the drug names. Alternatively, the entire mention of the drugs and their status might be needed, but according to the instructions, the minimal span. \n\nWait, the instruction says to extract the minimal span. So for each drug, the name and maybe the key info. But the exact span would be \"Oxycodone 15mg rapid release\" and \"Eliquis 5mg\". However, since they are both in the same sentence, maybe the entire part about the two Rxs. But the example given in previous outputs used the entire sentence fragment. Let me check the previous example. In the first example, the span was \"He recommended Zanubrutinib at this time\" which includes the drug and the action. Here, the key is the mention of the drugs and their pending status. \n\nAlternatively, the entire part \"2 Rxs that have been pending for MM/DD/YYYY: 1) Oxycodone... 2) Eliquis...\" but the minimal span would be the drug names. \n\nHmm, perhaps the best approach is to take the specific drug names as the spans. So two entries for each drug? But the instruction says to extract spans from the current sentence. The current sentence lists both drugs, so maybe one span that includes both? Or separate entries. \n\nLooking at the first example, they had one span for the entire sentence. Here, the drugs are listed as part of the sentence, so the span would be \"Oxycodone 15mg rapid release; current Rx will run out by tmrrw, MM/DD/YYYY Sept. MM/DD/YYYY) Eliquis 5mg; current Rx will run out Sun.\" but that's too long. Alternatively, the minimal span for each drug is their names. \n\nAlternatively, the entire part about the two Rxs being pending and their details. But the minimal span should be the core phrases. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of \"Rxs"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is a bit long and has some abbreviations and medical terms. First, I need to understand the context by looking at the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence is asking when someone can be squeezed in, which might relate to scheduling. The current sentence includes a phone number, mentions speaking with Dr. B about two pending prescriptions, their expiration dates, and some insurance info. The next sentence mentions a doctor taking over the prescription and pre-authorization sent to Cigna.\n\nStarting with the current sentence: The patient is providing information about their prescriptions. The key parts here are the mention of \"Rxs that have been pending,\" the specific drugs (Oxycodone and Eliquis), their expiration dates, and the mention of pre-auth to Cigna. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance or information. The sub-code here would be Drugs since they're listing specific medications. The span for that would be \"Oxycodone 15mg rapid release\" and \"Eliquis 5mg\". \n\nAdditionally, the part about the prescriptions being pending since a specific date and running out might relate to care coordination or scheduling. However, the sub-code for InfoGive's carecoordination is about organizing services, but here it's more about the status of the prescriptions. The mention of the insurance (Cigna) and pre-auth could tie into HealthcareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH, but the main focus here is on the drugs themselves and their status. \n\nThe \"pls lv msg\" might be a request for a leave message, but that's more about communication. However, the main elements are the drugs and their pending status. \n\nAnother angle: The patient is informing the provider about the pending prescriptions, so that's InfoGive (providing info) with the sub-code Drugs. The mention of the dates when the prescriptions run out could also relate to SchedulingAppt, but the sub-code for SchedulingAppt is about appointment dates, not medication expiration. So probably just Drugs here. \n\nAlso, the part about the pre-auth to Cigna might touch on Insurance under HealthcareAccessAndQuality in InfoGiveSDOH. But since the main focus is on the drugs and their status, the primary code is InfoGive with Drugs. \n\nWait, the sentence also mentions \"pending for MM/DD/YYYY\" which could be part of the prescription process. But the key is the specific drugs listed. \n\nSo the main span would be the drug names and their details. The other parts like the dates and insurance might not fit into the sub-codes listed. \n\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoGive with Drugs, with the span being the drug names and their details. The exact span would be \"Oxycodone 15mg rapid release; current Rx will run out by tmrrw, MM/DD/YYYY Sept. MM/DD/YYYY) Eliquis 5mg; current Rx will run out Sun.\" but the minimal span should be the drug names. Alternatively, the entire mention of the drugs and their status might be needed, but according to the instructions, the minimal span. \n\nWait, the instruction says to extract the minimal span. So for each drug, the name and maybe the key info. But the exact span would be \"Oxycodone 15mg rapid release\" and \"Eliquis 5mg\". However, since they are both in the same sentence, maybe the entire part about the two Rxs. But the example given in previous outputs used the entire sentence fragment. Let me check the previous example. In the first example, the span was \"He recommended Zanubrutinib at this time\" which includes the drug and the action. Here, the key is the mention of the drugs and their pending status. \n\nAlternatively, the entire part \"2 Rxs that have been pending for MM/DD/YYYY: 1) Oxycodone... 2) Eliquis...\" but the minimal span would be the drug names. \n\nHmm, perhaps the best approach is to take the specific drug names as the spans. So two entries for each drug? But the instruction says to extract spans from the current sentence. The current sentence lists both drugs, so maybe one span that includes both? Or separate entries. \n\nLooking at the first example, they had one span for the entire sentence. Here, the drugs are listed as part of the sentence, so the span would be \"Oxycodone 15mg rapid release; current Rx will run out by tmrrw, MM/DD/YYYY Sept. MM/DD/YYYY) Eliquis 5mg; current Rx will run out Sun.\" but that's too long. Alternatively, the minimal span for each drug is their names. \n\nAlternatively, the entire part about the two Rxs being pending and their details. But the minimal span should be the core phrases. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of \"Rxs"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | e4902b5560afd76ee4d2ca89228b067d212663cfa42ecac2b2dae14a82cb7e84 | dd28cb95466999daeb08a441aa27826a23d0b06613ff1f7fc859547d02d508ec | bce0e29fa5dacc7e78f54531860e516dfc1e48380c2c84ffbf4015c785cf281d | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"I also spoke w Dr. B about 2 Rxs\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Oxycodone 15mg rapid release; current Rx will run out by tmrrw\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Eliquis 5mg; current Rx will run out\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is a bit long and has some abbreviations and medical terms. First, I need to understand the context by looking at the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence is asking when someone can be squeezed in, which might relate to scheduling. The current sentence includes a phone number, mentions speaking with Dr. B about two pending prescriptions, their expiration dates, and some insurance info. The next sentence mentions a doctor taking over the prescription and pre-authorization sent to Cigna.\n\nStarting with the current sentence: The patient is providing information about their prescriptions. The key parts here are the mention of \"Rxs that have been pending,\" the specific drugs (Oxycodone and Eliquis), their expiration dates, and the mention of pre-auth to Cigna. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance or information. The sub-code here would be Drugs since they're listing specific medications. The span for that would be \"Oxycodone 15mg rapid release\" and \"Eliquis 5mg\". \n\nAdditionally, the part about the prescriptions being pending since a specific date and running out might relate to care coordination or scheduling. However, the sub-code for InfoGive's carecoordination is about organizing services, but here it's more about the status of the prescriptions. The mention of the insurance (Cigna) and pre-auth could tie into HealthcareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH, but the main focus here is on the drugs themselves and their status. \n\nThe \"pls lv msg\" might be a request for a leave message, but that's more about communication. However, the main elements are the drugs and their pending status. \n\nAnother angle: The patient is informing the provider about the pending prescriptions, so that's InfoGive (providing info) with the sub-code Drugs. The mention of the dates when the prescriptions run out could also relate to SchedulingAppt, but the sub-code for SchedulingAppt is about appointment dates, not medication expiration. So probably just Drugs here. \n\nAlso, the part about the pre-auth to Cigna might touch on Insurance under HealthcareAccessAndQuality in InfoGiveSDOH. But since the main focus is on the drugs and their status, the primary code is InfoGive with Drugs. \n\nWait, the sentence also mentions \"pending for MM/DD/YYYY\" which could be part of the prescription process. But the key is the specific drugs listed. \n\nSo the main span would be the drug names and their details. The other parts like the dates and insurance might not fit into the sub-codes listed. \n\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoGive with Drugs, with the span being the drug names and their details. The exact span would be \"Oxycodone 15mg rapid release; current Rx will run out by tmrrw, MM/DD/YYYY Sept. MM/DD/YYYY) Eliquis 5mg; current Rx will run out Sun.\" but the minimal span should be the drug names. Alternatively, the entire mention of the drugs and their status might be needed, but according to the instructions, the minimal span. \n\nWait, the instruction says to extract the minimal span. So for each drug, the name and maybe the key info. But the exact span would be \"Oxycodone 15mg rapid release\" and \"Eliquis 5mg\". However, since they are both in the same sentence, maybe the entire part about the two Rxs. But the example given in previous outputs used the entire sentence fragment. Let me check the previous example. In the first example, the span was \"He recommended Zanubrutinib at this time\" which includes the drug and the action. Here, the key is the mention of the drugs and their pending status. \n\nAlternatively, the entire part \"2 Rxs that have been pending for MM/DD/YYYY: 1) Oxycodone... 2) Eliquis...\" but the minimal span would be the drug names. \n\nHmm, perhaps the best approach is to take the specific drug names as the spans. So two entries for each drug? But the instruction says to extract spans from the current sentence. The current sentence lists both drugs, so maybe one span that includes both? Or separate entries. \n\nLooking at the first example, they had one span for the entire sentence. Here, the drugs are listed as part of the sentence, so the span would be \"Oxycodone 15mg rapid release; current Rx will run out by tmrrw, MM/DD/YYYY Sept. MM/DD/YYYY) Eliquis 5mg; current Rx will run out Sun.\" but that's too long. Alternatively, the minimal span for each drug is their names. \n\nAlternatively, the entire part about the two Rxs being pending and their details. But the minimal span should be the core phrases. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of \"Rxs"
] |
63 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: XXX-XXX-XXXX (pls lv msg) I also spoke w Dr. B about 2 Rxs that have been pending for MM/DD/YYYY: 1) Oxycodone 15mg rapid release; current Rx will run out by tmrrw, MM/DD/YYYY Sept. MM/DD/YYYY) Eliquis 5mg; current Rx will run out Sun.\n Current sentence: MM/DD/YYYY p.m. Dr. Person4 said he would take over this RX; Person5 sent in pre-auth info to Cigna approx.\n Next sentence: MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"he would take over this RX\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"Person5 sent in pre-auth info to Cigna\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "he would take over this RX"}, {"Code": "InfoGiveSDOH", "Sub-code": "HealthCareAccessAndQuality", "Span": "Person5 sent in pre-auth info to Cigna"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: The rash has been almost non -existent and itching under control with gabapentin as long as we out the cream on everyday.\n Current sentence: He has had absolutely no energy over the past week and chest congestion.\n Next sentence: Saw pulmonologist Person2 and he said probably rebound from stopping prednisone and he should use his Albuterol inhaler.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"He has had absolutely no energy over the past week and chest congestion\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: No refill needed as of now.\n Current sentence: Thanks much.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thanks much\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: XXX-XXX-XXXX (pls lv msg) I also spoke w Dr. B about 2 Rxs that have been pending for MM/DD/YYYY: 1) Oxycodone 15mg rapid release; current Rx will run out by tmrrw, MM/DD/YYYY Sept. MM/DD/YYYY) Eliquis 5mg; current Rx will run out Sun.\n Current sentence: MM/DD/YYYY p.m. Dr. Person4 said he would take over this RX; Person5 sent in pre-auth info to Cigna approx.\n Next sentence: MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"MM/DD/YYYY p.m. Dr. Person4 said he would take over this RX; Person5 sent in pre-auth info to Cigna approx.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions pending prescriptions and talking to Dr. B, and the next sentence is just a date. The current sentence talks about Dr. Person4 taking over the RX and Person5 sending pre-authorization info to Cigna.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, I should check which ones fit. The main elements here are about prescriptions (RX) and insurance pre-authorization. \n\nStarting with the Code: InfoGive. The subcode \"Drugs\" refers to substances used for medical conditions, which includes prescriptions. The part \"Dr. Person4 said he would take over this RX\" is about a drug prescription, so that's a fit for InfoGive-Drugs. \n\nNext, the part \"Person5 sent in pre-auth info to Cigna approx\" relates to insurance, which is part of the HealthcareAccessAndQuality subcode under InfoGiveSDOH. Because pre-authorization with an insurance company (Cigna) is about accessing healthcare services, so that's InfoGiveSDOH-HealthCareAccessAndQuality.\n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. The mention of dates and times might relate to scheduling, but the main focus here is on the prescription and insurance. \n\nNo other subcodes seem to apply here. The sentence isn't seeking information, so InfoSeek isn't relevant. There's no partnership-building or socioemotional elements mentioned here. \n\nSo the two pairs are:\n- InfoGive with Drugs for the prescription part.\n- InfoGiveSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality for the insurance pre-authorization.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person4 said he would take over this RX\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"Person5 sent in pre-auth info to Cigna\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"MM/DD/YYYY p.m. Dr. Person4 said he would take over this RX; Person5 sent in pre-auth info to Cigna approx.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions pending prescriptions and talking to Dr. B, and the next sentence is just a date. The current sentence talks about Dr. Person4 taking over the RX and Person5 sending pre-authorization info to Cigna.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, I should check which ones fit. The main elements here are about prescriptions (RX) and insurance pre-authorization. \n\nStarting with the Code: InfoGive. The subcode \"Drugs\" refers to substances used for medical conditions, which includes prescriptions. The part \"Dr. Person4 said he would take over this RX\" is about a drug prescription, so that's a fit for InfoGive-Drugs. \n\nNext, the part \"Person5 sent in pre-auth info to Cigna approx\" relates to insurance, which is part of the HealthcareAccessAndQuality subcode under InfoGiveSDOH. Because pre-authorization with an insurance company (Cigna) is about accessing healthcare services, so that's InfoGiveSDOH-HealthCareAccessAndQuality.\n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. The mention of dates and times might relate to scheduling, but the main focus here is on the prescription and insurance. \n\nNo other subcodes seem to apply here. The sentence isn't seeking information, so InfoSeek isn't relevant. There's no partnership-building or socioemotional elements mentioned here. \n\nSo the two pairs are:\n- InfoGive with Drugs for the prescription part.\n- InfoGiveSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality for the insurance pre-authorization.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person4 said he would take over this RX\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"Person5 sent in pre-auth info to Cigna\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | f7114dcff7bb9cc69b31ef70c55ce756ab3f599d3a5c5d264367907cc32d6e2b | f04f079e04c6913d33b8270098dc4f544b329831bf0bf5e4de69cf97e9586024 | 998a536b66ef38e6b6503cb674150cbb4f10a0a1e0f117e3ee7c11a390b04ff3 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"he would take over this RX\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"Person5 sent in pre-auth info to Cigna\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"MM/DD/YYYY p.m. Dr. Person4 said he would take over this RX; Person5 sent in pre-auth info to Cigna approx.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions pending prescriptions and talking to Dr. B, and the next sentence is just a date. The current sentence talks about Dr. Person4 taking over the RX and Person5 sending pre-authorization info to Cigna.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, I should check which ones fit. The main elements here are about prescriptions (RX) and insurance pre-authorization. \n\nStarting with the Code: InfoGive. The subcode \"Drugs\" refers to substances used for medical conditions, which includes prescriptions. The part \"Dr. Person4 said he would take over this RX\" is about a drug prescription, so that's a fit for InfoGive-Drugs. \n\nNext, the part \"Person5 sent in pre-auth info to Cigna approx\" relates to insurance, which is part of the HealthcareAccessAndQuality subcode under InfoGiveSDOH. Because pre-authorization with an insurance company (Cigna) is about accessing healthcare services, so that's InfoGiveSDOH-HealthCareAccessAndQuality.\n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. The mention of dates and times might relate to scheduling, but the main focus here is on the prescription and insurance. \n\nNo other subcodes seem to apply here. The sentence isn't seeking information, so InfoSeek isn't relevant. There's no partnership-building or socioemotional elements mentioned here. \n\nSo the two pairs are:\n- InfoGive with Drugs for the prescription part.\n- InfoGiveSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality for the insurance pre-authorization.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Dr. Person4 said he would take over this RX\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"Person5 sent in pre-auth info to Cigna\"}]}"
] |
64 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Thank you! Best regards, Person6 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you! Best regards\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "signoff", "Span": "Thank you! Best regards"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: He prescribed me Ketorolac (Toradol) and my insurance would not cover it.\n Current sentence: I am willing to pay for it out of pocket.\n Next sentence: Can u call it into Org, Location please.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"EconomicStability\", \"Span\": \"I am willing to pay for it out of pocket\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Should the prescription be extended for a couple of days?\n Current sentence: Thanks! Person\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thanks\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Thank you! Best regards, Person6 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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} | [
[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Thank you! Best regards, Person6 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\" with the previous sentence being a date and the next sentence being none. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is just a date, so the current sentence is part of a message's closing. The user is thanking someone and signing off with their name and phone number. \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the key here is the \"Thank you!\" part. That's an expression of gratitude. The \"Best regards\" is also a sign-off. \n\nFor the PartnershipPatient code, the subcodes include Appreciation/Gratitude and signoff. \"Thank you!\" clearly fits Appreciation/Gratitude. \"Best regards\" is a signoff. \n\nThe other parts like \"Person6 (wife)\" and the phone number might be part of the sign-off but according to the instructions, the span should be the minimal core phrase. So \"Thank you!\" is the span for Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient. \"Best regards\" would be the signoff subcode. \n\nWait, but the code for signoff in PartnershipPatient is indeed there. So two pairs here: one for Appreciation/Gratitude and another for signoff. \n\nI need to check if there are other possible codes. The rest of the sentence includes contact info, but that might be Generalinformation under InfoGive, but since the main intent here is closing the message, the primary codes are PartnershipPatient's subcodes. \n\nSo the results should have two entries: one for Appreciation/Gratitude with \"Thank you!\" and another for signoff with \"Best regards\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best regards\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Thank you! Best regards, Person6 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\" with the previous sentence being a date and the next sentence being none. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is just a date, so the current sentence is part of a message's closing. The user is thanking someone and signing off with their name and phone number. \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the key here is the \"Thank you!\" part. That's an expression of gratitude. The \"Best regards\" is also a sign-off. \n\nFor the PartnershipPatient code, the subcodes include Appreciation/Gratitude and signoff. \"Thank you!\" clearly fits Appreciation/Gratitude. \"Best regards\" is a signoff. \n\nThe other parts like \"Person6 (wife)\" and the phone number might be part of the sign-off but according to the instructions, the span should be the minimal core phrase. So \"Thank you!\" is the span for Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient. \"Best regards\" would be the signoff subcode. \n\nWait, but the code for signoff in PartnershipPatient is indeed there. So two pairs here: one for Appreciation/Gratitude and another for signoff. \n\nI need to check if there are other possible codes. The rest of the sentence includes contact info, but that might be Generalinformation under InfoGive, but since the main intent here is closing the message, the primary codes are PartnershipPatient's subcodes. \n\nSo the results should have two entries: one for Appreciation/Gratitude with \"Thank you!\" and another for signoff with \"Best regards\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best regards\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 7a517760953d2d59b578423a3c3ef906b874103bba888de63636ca3ea3d617f1 | 989436d7464a4bbfe01349c14d5e7b8677fdf8091388270c8e3a6b57221641d4 | ebf28593473869855977e009036cd188955652874d96583cd90cf5cea0ab3dc3 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you! Best regards\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Thank you! Best regards, Person6 (wife) XXX-XXX-XXXX\" with the previous sentence being a date and the next sentence being none. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is just a date, so the current sentence is part of a message's closing. The user is thanking someone and signing off with their name and phone number. \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the key here is the \"Thank you!\" part. That's an expression of gratitude. The \"Best regards\" is also a sign-off. \n\nFor the PartnershipPatient code, the subcodes include Appreciation/Gratitude and signoff. \"Thank you!\" clearly fits Appreciation/Gratitude. \"Best regards\" is a signoff. \n\nThe other parts like \"Person6 (wife)\" and the phone number might be part of the sign-off but according to the instructions, the span should be the minimal core phrase. So \"Thank you!\" is the span for Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient. \"Best regards\" would be the signoff subcode. \n\nWait, but the code for signoff in PartnershipPatient is indeed there. So two pairs here: one for Appreciation/Gratitude and another for signoff. \n\nI need to check if there are other possible codes. The rest of the sentence includes contact info, but that might be Generalinformation under InfoGive, but since the main intent here is closing the message, the primary codes are PartnershipPatient's subcodes. \n\nSo the results should have two entries: one for Appreciation/Gratitude with \"Thank you!\" and another for signoff with \"Best regards\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best regards\"}]}"
] |
65 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi, I think I just heard them scheduling Person1 out front for MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: I will look into the oxycodone 15mg IR, he got 30 tablets on MM/DD/YYYY how many a day is he taking (I just want to be sure we are ordering enough for MM/DD/YYYY) Also, how is he taking the Eliquis: 5mg a day or twice a day, thanx par Person2\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"scheduling Person1 out front\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "salutation", "Span": "Hi"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "scheduling Person1 out front"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: 3) is the home care RN putting anything on the open areas?\n Current sentence: Th anks Person2 RN\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Th anks\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi Person1 Me again I know this is wrong recipient but still can't find Dr Person on mychart and need a zofran (can't remember exact name) refill which I believe she was going to send through Can you help/chase her?\n Current sentence: Can she email me directly?\n Next sentence: Cheers Person2\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Can she email me directly?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi, I think I just heard them scheduling Person1 out front for MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: I will look into the oxycodone 15mg IR, he got 30 tablets on MM/DD/YYYY how many a day is he taking (I just want to be sure we are ordering enough for MM/DD/YYYY) Also, how is he taking the Eliquis: 5mg a day or twice a day, thanx par Person2\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hi, I think I just heard them scheduling Person1 out front for MM/DD/YYYY.\" The provider is the one speaking here. \n\nFirst, I need to check the previous and next sentences for context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence talks about looking into medication details and asks about dosage. \n\nLooking at the current sentence: \"Hi,\" is a greeting, so that's a salutation. Since it's the opening sentence, the salutation sub-code under PartnershipProvider makes sense here. The rest of the sentence mentions scheduling a date, which relates to SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. \n\nWait, but the code for scheduling in InfoGive is SchedulingAppt as a sub-code. The main code here would be InfoGive because the provider is giving information about scheduling. The \"Hi\" part is separate, so two different codes here. \n\nSo first, \"Hi\" falls under PartnershipProvider's salutation sub-code. Then \"scheduling Person1 out front for MM/DD/YYYY\" is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. \n\nI need to make sure the sub-codes are correctly assigned. The salutation is part of PartnershipProvider because it's the provider greeting. The scheduling info is part of InfoGive. \n\nNo other elements seem present here. The next sentence's context supports that the provider is informing about scheduling and then moving into medication details. \n\nSo the results should have two entries: one for PartnershipProvider's salutation and another for InfoGive's SchedulingAppt.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"scheduling Person1 out front for MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hi, I think I just heard them scheduling Person1 out front for MM/DD/YYYY.\" The provider is the one speaking here. \n\nFirst, I need to check the previous and next sentences for context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence talks about looking into medication details and asks about dosage. \n\nLooking at the current sentence: \"Hi,\" is a greeting, so that's a salutation. Since it's the opening sentence, the salutation sub-code under PartnershipProvider makes sense here. The rest of the sentence mentions scheduling a date, which relates to SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. \n\nWait, but the code for scheduling in InfoGive is SchedulingAppt as a sub-code. The main code here would be InfoGive because the provider is giving information about scheduling. The \"Hi\" part is separate, so two different codes here. \n\nSo first, \"Hi\" falls under PartnershipProvider's salutation sub-code. Then \"scheduling Person1 out front for MM/DD/YYYY\" is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. \n\nI need to make sure the sub-codes are correctly assigned. The salutation is part of PartnershipProvider because it's the provider greeting. The scheduling info is part of InfoGive. \n\nNo other elements seem present here. The next sentence's context supports that the provider is informing about scheduling and then moving into medication details. \n\nSo the results should have two entries: one for PartnershipProvider's salutation and another for InfoGive's SchedulingAppt.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"scheduling Person1 out front for MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
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"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"scheduling Person1 out front\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hi, I think I just heard them scheduling Person1 out front for MM/DD/YYYY.\" The provider is the one speaking here. \n\nFirst, I need to check the previous and next sentences for context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence talks about looking into medication details and asks about dosage. \n\nLooking at the current sentence: \"Hi,\" is a greeting, so that's a salutation. Since it's the opening sentence, the salutation sub-code under PartnershipProvider makes sense here. The rest of the sentence mentions scheduling a date, which relates to SchedulingAppt under InfoGive. \n\nWait, but the code for scheduling in InfoGive is SchedulingAppt as a sub-code. The main code here would be InfoGive because the provider is giving information about scheduling. The \"Hi\" part is separate, so two different codes here. \n\nSo first, \"Hi\" falls under PartnershipProvider's salutation sub-code. Then \"scheduling Person1 out front for MM/DD/YYYY\" is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. \n\nI need to make sure the sub-codes are correctly assigned. The salutation is part of PartnershipProvider because it's the provider greeting. The scheduling info is part of InfoGive. \n\nNo other elements seem present here. The next sentence's context supports that the provider is informing about scheduling and then moving into medication details. \n\nSo the results should have two entries: one for PartnershipProvider's salutation and another for InfoGive's SchedulingAppt.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"scheduling Person1 out front for MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
] |
66 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi, I think I just heard them scheduling Person1 out front for MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: I will look into the oxycodone 15mg IR, he got 30 tablets on MM/DD/YYYY how many a day is he taking (I just want to be sure we are ordering enough for MM/DD/YYYY) Also, how is he taking the Eliquis: 5mg a day or twice a day, thanx par Person2\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"he got 30 tablets\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"how many a day is he taking\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"how is he taking the Eliquis: 5mg a day or twice a day\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "he got 30 tablets"}, {"Code": "InfoSeek", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "how many a day is he taking"}, {"Code": "InfoSeek", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "how is he taking the Eliquis: 5mg a day or twice a day"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person1, My name is Person2 and I am the RN that works with Dr. Person3.\n Next sentence: Is there a particular question I may be able to help you with?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"My name is Person2 and I am the RN that works with Dr. Person3\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Not so sure about the great part - every time I visit now something comes up and throws me a complete curveball.\n Current sentence: To say I feel like i on a roller coaster is an understatement! Anyway, please thank him for me.\n Next sentence: I need someone I can bounce all these developments off, and who is vested in my well being, and he is that person.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"ExpressConcern/unease\", \"Span\": \"To say I feel like i on a roller coaster is an understatement!\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Anyway, please thank him for me\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi, I think I just heard them scheduling Person1 out front for MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: I will look into the oxycodone 15mg IR, he got 30 tablets on MM/DD/YYYY how many a day is he taking (I just want to be sure we are ordering enough for MM/DD/YYYY) Also, how is he taking the Eliquis: 5mg a day or twice a day, thanx par Person2\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from a provider, so I need to focus on codes related to providers. The sentence is: \"I will look into the oxycodone 15mg IR, he got 30 tablets on MM/DD/YYYY how many a day is he taking (I just want to be sure we are ordering enough for MM/DD/YYYY) Also, how is he taking the Eliquis: 5mg a day or twice a day, thanx par Person2\".\n\nFirst, I'll check the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence mentions scheduling a date, and the next is none. The current sentence is about checking medication details. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive and InfoSeek are possibilities. Since the provider is asking for information, maybe InfoSeek? But the provider is also providing some info, like looking into the oxycodone. Wait, the provider is seeking details about dosage and how the medication is taken. That sounds like seeking information related to drugs. \n\nUnder InfoSeek's subcodes, there's \"Drugs\" which fits here. The part \"how many a day is he taking\" and \"how is he taking the Eliquis\" are direct questions about drug usage. So that's one pair: InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, spans like \"how many a day is he taking\" and \"how is he taking the Eliquis\".\n\nAlso, the provider mentions \"I just want to be sure we are ordering enough\", which is about ensuring proper medication supply. That could relate to Instruction subcode under InfoGive, since it's about providing guidance on medication orders. The span here might be \"I just want to be sure we are ordering enough\".\n\nAnother part is \"look into the oxycodone 15mg IR\" which is providing information about the medication, so maybe InfoGive's Drugs subcode. The span here would be \"look into the oxycodone 15mg IR\".\n\nWait, but the provider is asking for info, so maybe the main code is InfoSeek. The \"look into\" part might be the provider's own action, but the questions are seeking info from the patient or another provider. \n\nAlso, the mention of dates and ensuring enough supply could relate to care coordination, but looking at the subcodes, carecoordination is under InfoGive. The part about ordering enough for a specific date might be scheduling or care coordination. Hmm, but the key here is the dosage and how the drug is taken. \n\nAdditionally, the end has \"thanx par Person2\" which is a thank you, so that's a salutation or appreciation. Since it's at the end, maybe a signoff or appreciation. Under PartnershipProvider, Appreciation/Gratitude subcode. The span would be \"thanx par Person2\".\n\nSo putting it all together:\n\n1. InfoSeek - Drugs: \"how many a day is he taking\" and \"how is he taking the Eliquis: 5mg a day or twice a day\"\n2. InfoGive - Instruction: \"I just want to be sure we are ordering enough for MM/DD/YYYY\"\n3. PartnershipProvider - Appreciation/Gratitude: \"thanx par Person2\"\n\nWait, but the \"look into\" part might be part of InfoGive's Instruction as well. Alternatively, \"look into\" could be part of the provider's own action, but the main questions are seeking info. \n\nAlso, the \"I just want to be sure...\" is part of the provider's reasoning, but the actual request is the questions about dosage. \n\nSo the main codes would be InfoSeek (for the questions about drugs) and PartnershipProvider for the thanks. The instruction part might not fit unless it's about giving instructions to order correctly, but the provider is seeking info to do that. \n\nTherefore, the final pairs should be:\n\n- InfoSeek, Drugs: the two questions about dosage\n- PartnershipProvider, Appreciation/Gratitude: the thanks part\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"how many a day is he taking\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"how is he taking the Eliquis: 5mg a day or twice a day\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"thanx par Person2\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from a provider, so I need to focus on codes related to providers. The sentence is: \"I will look into the oxycodone 15mg IR, he got 30 tablets on MM/DD/YYYY how many a day is he taking (I just want to be sure we are ordering enough for MM/DD/YYYY) Also, how is he taking the Eliquis: 5mg a day or twice a day, thanx par Person2\".\n\nFirst, I'll check the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence mentions scheduling a date, and the next is none. The current sentence is about checking medication details. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive and InfoSeek are possibilities. Since the provider is asking for information, maybe InfoSeek? But the provider is also providing some info, like looking into the oxycodone. Wait, the provider is seeking details about dosage and how the medication is taken. That sounds like seeking information related to drugs. \n\nUnder InfoSeek's subcodes, there's \"Drugs\" which fits here. The part \"how many a day is he taking\" and \"how is he taking the Eliquis\" are direct questions about drug usage. So that's one pair: InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, spans like \"how many a day is he taking\" and \"how is he taking the Eliquis\".\n\nAlso, the provider mentions \"I just want to be sure we are ordering enough\", which is about ensuring proper medication supply. That could relate to Instruction subcode under InfoGive, since it's about providing guidance on medication orders. The span here might be \"I just want to be sure we are ordering enough\".\n\nAnother part is \"look into the oxycodone 15mg IR\" which is providing information about the medication, so maybe InfoGive's Drugs subcode. The span here would be \"look into the oxycodone 15mg IR\".\n\nWait, but the provider is asking for info, so maybe the main code is InfoSeek. The \"look into\" part might be the provider's own action, but the questions are seeking info from the patient or another provider. \n\nAlso, the mention of dates and ensuring enough supply could relate to care coordination, but looking at the subcodes, carecoordination is under InfoGive. The part about ordering enough for a specific date might be scheduling or care coordination. Hmm, but the key here is the dosage and how the drug is taken. \n\nAdditionally, the end has \"thanx par Person2\" which is a thank you, so that's a salutation or appreciation. Since it's at the end, maybe a signoff or appreciation. Under PartnershipProvider, Appreciation/Gratitude subcode. The span would be \"thanx par Person2\".\n\nSo putting it all together:\n\n1. InfoSeek - Drugs: \"how many a day is he taking\" and \"how is he taking the Eliquis: 5mg a day or twice a day\"\n2. InfoGive - Instruction: \"I just want to be sure we are ordering enough for MM/DD/YYYY\"\n3. PartnershipProvider - Appreciation/Gratitude: \"thanx par Person2\"\n\nWait, but the \"look into\" part might be part of InfoGive's Instruction as well. Alternatively, \"look into\" could be part of the provider's own action, but the main questions are seeking info. \n\nAlso, the \"I just want to be sure...\" is part of the provider's reasoning, but the actual request is the questions about dosage. \n\nSo the main codes would be InfoSeek (for the questions about drugs) and PartnershipProvider for the thanks. The instruction part might not fit unless it's about giving instructions to order correctly, but the provider is seeking info to do that. \n\nTherefore, the final pairs should be:\n\n- InfoSeek, Drugs: the two questions about dosage\n- PartnershipProvider, Appreciation/Gratitude: the thanks part\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"how many a day is he taking\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"how is he taking the Eliquis: 5mg a day or twice a day\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"thanx par Person2\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 96b004d012102f82241306b9fc1b0f5a0bd79f9a5433a34ef66d9a27d7434f70 | a3a036e0c38bfbbdefbdf20c9e71727d18f870a17d0ca15500e630774ed7e3f3 | 741b26064f4bc5e0b55b72395990549ca187e085be8a42a0808bc162cb6dfa5e | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"he got 30 tablets\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"how many a day is he taking\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"how is he taking the Eliquis: 5mg a day or twice a day\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from a provider, so I need to focus on codes related to providers. The sentence is: \"I will look into the oxycodone 15mg IR, he got 30 tablets on MM/DD/YYYY how many a day is he taking (I just want to be sure we are ordering enough for MM/DD/YYYY) Also, how is he taking the Eliquis: 5mg a day or twice a day, thanx par Person2\".\n\nFirst, I'll check the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence mentions scheduling a date, and the next is none. The current sentence is about checking medication details. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive and InfoSeek are possibilities. Since the provider is asking for information, maybe InfoSeek? But the provider is also providing some info, like looking into the oxycodone. Wait, the provider is seeking details about dosage and how the medication is taken. That sounds like seeking information related to drugs. \n\nUnder InfoSeek's subcodes, there's \"Drugs\" which fits here. The part \"how many a day is he taking\" and \"how is he taking the Eliquis\" are direct questions about drug usage. So that's one pair: InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, spans like \"how many a day is he taking\" and \"how is he taking the Eliquis\".\n\nAlso, the provider mentions \"I just want to be sure we are ordering enough\", which is about ensuring proper medication supply. That could relate to Instruction subcode under InfoGive, since it's about providing guidance on medication orders. The span here might be \"I just want to be sure we are ordering enough\".\n\nAnother part is \"look into the oxycodone 15mg IR\" which is providing information about the medication, so maybe InfoGive's Drugs subcode. The span here would be \"look into the oxycodone 15mg IR\".\n\nWait, but the provider is asking for info, so maybe the main code is InfoSeek. The \"look into\" part might be the provider's own action, but the questions are seeking info from the patient or another provider. \n\nAlso, the mention of dates and ensuring enough supply could relate to care coordination, but looking at the subcodes, carecoordination is under InfoGive. The part about ordering enough for a specific date might be scheduling or care coordination. Hmm, but the key here is the dosage and how the drug is taken. \n\nAdditionally, the end has \"thanx par Person2\" which is a thank you, so that's a salutation or appreciation. Since it's at the end, maybe a signoff or appreciation. Under PartnershipProvider, Appreciation/Gratitude subcode. The span would be \"thanx par Person2\".\n\nSo putting it all together:\n\n1. InfoSeek - Drugs: \"how many a day is he taking\" and \"how is he taking the Eliquis: 5mg a day or twice a day\"\n2. InfoGive - Instruction: \"I just want to be sure we are ordering enough for MM/DD/YYYY\"\n3. PartnershipProvider - Appreciation/Gratitude: \"thanx par Person2\"\n\nWait, but the \"look into\" part might be part of InfoGive's Instruction as well. Alternatively, \"look into\" could be part of the provider's own action, but the main questions are seeking info. \n\nAlso, the \"I just want to be sure...\" is part of the provider's reasoning, but the actual request is the questions about dosage. \n\nSo the main codes would be InfoSeek (for the questions about drugs) and PartnershipProvider for the thanks. The instruction part might not fit unless it's about giving instructions to order correctly, but the provider is seeking info to do that. \n\nTherefore, the final pairs should be:\n\n- InfoSeek, Drugs: the two questions about dosage\n- PartnershipProvider, Appreciation/Gratitude: the thanks part\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"how many a day is he taking\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"how is he taking the Eliquis: 5mg a day or twice a day\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"thanx par Person2\"}]}"
] |
67 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hello Person1.\n Next sentence: Yep, just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "salutation", "Span": "Hello"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person1 your PCP should be following this so I would check with them about ordering a PSA.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"checkingUnderstanding/clarification\", \"Span\": \"your PCP should be following this so I would check with them about ordering a PSA\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hello Mr. Person1, Your last PSA was done on MM/DD/YYYY, a PSA is not drawn with every treatment blood draw and was not ordered by Dr. Person2 with the labs on MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Person RN\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"Your last PSA was done on MM/DD/YYYY\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"a PSA is not drawn with every treatment blood draw\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"was not ordered by Dr. Person2 with the labs on MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hello Person1.\n Next sentence: Yep, just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
"until": [
"JSON_END"
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"do_sample": false,
"temperature": 0,
"max_gen_toks": 1024
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Hello Person1.\" with the next sentence being \"Yep, just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is None, so the current is the opening. The next sentence mentions a call and a date with a doctor, which seems related to scheduling.\n\nStarting with the current sentence: \"Hello Person1.\" The first part is \"Hello,\" which is a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, according to the PartnershipProvider code's salutation sub-code, this fits. The salutation sub-code is under PartnershipProvider because the provider would greet the patient. Wait, but the speaker here is the patient. Oh right, the codes are for both patients and providers. The PartnershipPatient code also has a salutation sub-code. Wait, the user is the patient, so the salutation would be under PartnershipPatient. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nLooking at the PartnershipPatient sub-codes: salutation is defined as greeting the provider by name or title. Here, the patient is greeting \"Person1,\" which could be the provider's name. So the Code should be PartnershipPatient with salutation as the sub-code. \n\nThe next part of the current sentence is just the name, but the main span is \"Hello\" as the greeting. The rest is the name. So the span is \"Hello\".\n\nNow, the next sentence mentions a call and dates, which relates to scheduling an appointment. But since the current sentence is only \"Hello Person1,\" the main elements here are the greeting. There's no other info in the current sentence besides the greeting. \n\nSo the only code-subcode pair here is PartnershipPatient with salutation, span \"Hello\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Hello Person1.\" with the next sentence being \"Yep, just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is None, so the current is the opening. The next sentence mentions a call and a date with a doctor, which seems related to scheduling.\n\nStarting with the current sentence: \"Hello Person1.\" The first part is \"Hello,\" which is a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, according to the PartnershipProvider code's salutation sub-code, this fits. The salutation sub-code is under PartnershipProvider because the provider would greet the patient. Wait, but the speaker here is the patient. Oh right, the codes are for both patients and providers. The PartnershipPatient code also has a salutation sub-code. Wait, the user is the patient, so the salutation would be under PartnershipPatient. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nLooking at the PartnershipPatient sub-codes: salutation is defined as greeting the provider by name or title. Here, the patient is greeting \"Person1,\" which could be the provider's name. So the Code should be PartnershipPatient with salutation as the sub-code. \n\nThe next part of the current sentence is just the name, but the main span is \"Hello\" as the greeting. The rest is the name. So the span is \"Hello\".\n\nNow, the next sentence mentions a call and dates, which relates to scheduling an appointment. But since the current sentence is only \"Hello Person1,\" the main elements here are the greeting. There's no other info in the current sentence besides the greeting. \n\nSo the only code-subcode pair here is PartnershipPatient with salutation, span \"Hello\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 9864f225650acba59c77a60a24d52e63b10477416d43bd4da459058b0d4745a0 | 47159ca4a694b1e2ec2d1ba906bad4770be2ff85e8f334117cd18043475e49d2 | 8ab6e21aee072cf2c03372c4909f6bd0a26c6b5c86e670f09609934d4922e040 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Hello Person1.\" with the next sentence being \"Yep, just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is None, so the current is the opening. The next sentence mentions a call and a date with a doctor, which seems related to scheduling.\n\nStarting with the current sentence: \"Hello Person1.\" The first part is \"Hello,\" which is a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, according to the PartnershipProvider code's salutation sub-code, this fits. The salutation sub-code is under PartnershipProvider because the provider would greet the patient. Wait, but the speaker here is the patient. Oh right, the codes are for both patients and providers. The PartnershipPatient code also has a salutation sub-code. Wait, the user is the patient, so the salutation would be under PartnershipPatient. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nLooking at the PartnershipPatient sub-codes: salutation is defined as greeting the provider by name or title. Here, the patient is greeting \"Person1,\" which could be the provider's name. So the Code should be PartnershipPatient with salutation as the sub-code. \n\nThe next part of the current sentence is just the name, but the main span is \"Hello\" as the greeting. The rest is the name. So the span is \"Hello\".\n\nNow, the next sentence mentions a call and dates, which relates to scheduling an appointment. But since the current sentence is only \"Hello Person1,\" the main elements here are the greeting. There's no other info in the current sentence besides the greeting. \n\nSo the only code-subcode pair here is PartnershipPatient with salutation, span \"Hello\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}]}"
] |
68 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hello Person1.\n Current sentence: Yep, just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Re Oxy 15mg rapid release: per Dr. Person2's desire and Dr. B agree to get Person3 off Oxy ext release ASAP, and work down to lowest usage Oxy rapid w/o dealing w break through pain, which can be pretty nasty.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Yep, just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "Yep, just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I remain asymptomatic, no pain.\n Current sentence: Your advice please.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Your advice please\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hello Person1, For my upcoming visit I don see any blood test required?\n Next sentence: Could you please send an order so I can have blood drawn on MM/DD/YYYY this week.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"For my upcoming visit I don see any blood test required?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hello Person1.\n Current sentence: Yep, just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Re Oxy 15mg rapid release: per Dr. Person2's desire and Dr. B agree to get Person3 off Oxy ext release ASAP, and work down to lowest usage Oxy rapid w/o dealing w break through pain, which can be pretty nasty.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Yep, just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence is \"Hello Person1.\" and the next one talks about medication adjustments.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is confirming a call or appointment with Dr. B on specific dates. The next sentence mentions changing medications, so this might be part of coordinating care.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive's Sub-code SchedulingAppt deals with dates and appointments. The current sentence mentions dates and a doctor, so that's a fit. The span here would be \"just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY\" but maybe the minimal span is \"MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY\" or just the dates and doctor's name. Wait, the exact span should be the part that directly refers to scheduling. The phrase \"just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY\" indicates scheduling, so the key part is the dates and the doctor. But the minimal span might be \"MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY\".\n\nAlternatively, \"w Dr. B\" (which is shorthand for \"with Dr. B\") and the dates are the key elements here. So the Sub-code SchedulingAppt under InfoGive is appropriate here.\n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient's activeParticipation if the patient is confirming their own scheduling, but the sentence is more about informing rather than seeking or giving advice. Since it's about providing information related to scheduling, InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is better.\n\nNo other codes seem to fit here. The next sentence is about medication, but that's outside the current sentence. So the only pair here is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, with the span being the dates and doctor reference.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Yep, just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence is \"Hello Person1.\" and the next one talks about medication adjustments.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is confirming a call or appointment with Dr. B on specific dates. The next sentence mentions changing medications, so this might be part of coordinating care.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive's Sub-code SchedulingAppt deals with dates and appointments. The current sentence mentions dates and a doctor, so that's a fit. The span here would be \"just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY\" but maybe the minimal span is \"MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY\" or just the dates and doctor's name. Wait, the exact span should be the part that directly refers to scheduling. The phrase \"just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY\" indicates scheduling, so the key part is the dates and the doctor. But the minimal span might be \"MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY\".\n\nAlternatively, \"w Dr. B\" (which is shorthand for \"with Dr. B\") and the dates are the key elements here. So the Sub-code SchedulingAppt under InfoGive is appropriate here.\n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient's activeParticipation if the patient is confirming their own scheduling, but the sentence is more about informing rather than seeking or giving advice. Since it's about providing information related to scheduling, InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is better.\n\nNo other codes seem to fit here. The next sentence is about medication, but that's outside the current sentence. So the only pair here is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, with the span being the dates and doctor reference.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
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"evaluate_eppc"
] | 2a5f2a0c11d4a43a7740b4f3c6d386272a3a3c746bbb393b1c3508007f882e13 | 52e237c738cebb280c5e6dfb7627c02e1412a8527722f58c496edbfc6b49c86d | 9d766a7b57ddc4dc2d7e551221f02a6cef5ae137534f9ede341de767e9a7bbb9 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Yep, just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Yep, just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence is \"Hello Person1.\" and the next one talks about medication adjustments.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is confirming a call or appointment with Dr. B on specific dates. The next sentence mentions changing medications, so this might be part of coordinating care.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive's Sub-code SchedulingAppt deals with dates and appointments. The current sentence mentions dates and a doctor, so that's a fit. The span here would be \"just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY\" but maybe the minimal span is \"MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY\" or just the dates and doctor's name. Wait, the exact span should be the part that directly refers to scheduling. The phrase \"just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY\" indicates scheduling, so the key part is the dates and the doctor. But the minimal span might be \"MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY\".\n\nAlternatively, \"w Dr. B\" (which is shorthand for \"with Dr. B\") and the dates are the key elements here. So the Sub-code SchedulingAppt under InfoGive is appropriate here.\n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient's activeParticipation if the patient is confirming their own scheduling, but the sentence is more about informing rather than seeking or giving advice. Since it's about providing information related to scheduling, InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is better.\n\nNo other codes seem to fit here. The next sentence is about medication, but that's outside the current sentence. So the only pair here is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, with the span being the dates and doctor reference.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
] |
69 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Yep, just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Re Oxy 15mg rapid release: per Dr. Person2's desire and Dr. B agree to get Person3 off Oxy ext release ASAP, and work down to lowest usage Oxy rapid w/o dealing w break through pain, which can be pretty nasty.\n Next sentence: I've set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"per Dr. Person2's desire and Dr. B agree to get Person3 off Oxy ext release\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"work down to lowest usage Oxy rapid w/o dealing w break through pain\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"which can be pretty nasty\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "carecoordination", "Span": "per Dr. Person2's desire and Dr. B agree to get Person3 off Oxy ext release"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "work down to lowest usage Oxy rapid w/o dealing w break through pain"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Symptoms", "Span": "which can be pretty nasty"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi, My insurance will not allow me to opt out of using Org2 pharmacy for the anastrozle.\n Next sentence: I setup for them to ship the medication to me, however, I will not be receiving that refill between 5-10 business days.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"My insurance will not allow me to opt out of using Org2 pharmacy for the anastrozle\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person3 is tolerating all meds well and following directions.\n Current sentence: Appetite, a bit of a struggle, as expected; digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started MM/DD/YYYY).\n Next sentence: Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle, as expected; digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started MM/DD/YYYY)\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Yep, just got a call for MM/DD/YYYY w Dr. B on MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Re Oxy 15mg rapid release: per Dr. Person2's desire and Dr. B agree to get Person3 off Oxy ext release ASAP, and work down to lowest usage Oxy rapid w/o dealing w break through pain, which can be pretty nasty.\n Next sentence: I've set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is about adjusting Person3's medication from extended-release Oxy to rapid-release to avoid breakthrough pain. The previous sentence mentions a call with Dr. B, and the next sentence details the new dosage setup.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the relevant codes. The sentence discusses medication changes and agreement between doctors, so InfoGive might be relevant here because it's providing information about drug usage. The sub-code under InfoGive related to drugs is \"Drugs\". \n\nLooking at the content, they're talking about switching medication types and dosage, which is definitely about drugs. The span here would be \"Re Oxy 15mg rapid release: per Dr. Person2's desire and Dr. B agree to get Person3 off Oxy ext release ASAP, and work down to lowest usage Oxy rapid w/o dealing w break through pain, which can be pretty nasty.\"\n\nAdditionally, there's a mention of agreement between providers, which might relate to care coordination. The sub-code under InfoGive for care coordination is \"carecoordination\". The part about Dr. Person2 and Dr. B agreeing could be the span for that, but the main focus here is on the medication details. \n\nWait, but the main sentence is more about the medication specifics rather than coordination between providers. The agreement is part of the decision-making process, but the primary information given is about the drug adjustments. So maybe only the Drugs sub-code applies here. \n\nAlso, checking if there's any PartnershipPatient or Provider elements. The sentence is from the patient's perspective, but it's more about the medical instructions rather than expressing preferences or building trust. So probably not those codes. \n\nTherefore, the main code is InfoGive with the sub-code Drugs, covering the entire sentence about the medication changes and agreement on dosage.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Re Oxy 15mg rapid release: per Dr. Person2's desire and Dr. B agree to get Person3 off Oxy ext release ASAP, and work down to lowest usage Oxy rapid w/o dealing w break through pain, which can be pretty nasty.\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is about adjusting Person3's medication from extended-release Oxy to rapid-release to avoid breakthrough pain. The previous sentence mentions a call with Dr. B, and the next sentence details the new dosage setup.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the relevant codes. The sentence discusses medication changes and agreement between doctors, so InfoGive might be relevant here because it's providing information about drug usage. The sub-code under InfoGive related to drugs is \"Drugs\". \n\nLooking at the content, they're talking about switching medication types and dosage, which is definitely about drugs. The span here would be \"Re Oxy 15mg rapid release: per Dr. Person2's desire and Dr. B agree to get Person3 off Oxy ext release ASAP, and work down to lowest usage Oxy rapid w/o dealing w break through pain, which can be pretty nasty.\"\n\nAdditionally, there's a mention of agreement between providers, which might relate to care coordination. The sub-code under InfoGive for care coordination is \"carecoordination\". The part about Dr. Person2 and Dr. B agreeing could be the span for that, but the main focus here is on the medication details. \n\nWait, but the main sentence is more about the medication specifics rather than coordination between providers. The agreement is part of the decision-making process, but the primary information given is about the drug adjustments. So maybe only the Drugs sub-code applies here. \n\nAlso, checking if there's any PartnershipPatient or Provider elements. The sentence is from the patient's perspective, but it's more about the medical instructions rather than expressing preferences or building trust. So probably not those codes. \n\nTherefore, the main code is InfoGive with the sub-code Drugs, covering the entire sentence about the medication changes and agreement on dosage.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Re Oxy 15mg rapid release: per Dr. Person2's desire and Dr. B agree to get Person3 off Oxy ext release ASAP, and work down to lowest usage Oxy rapid w/o dealing w break through pain, which can be pretty nasty.\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 3fcac5c258e458e295db66257d62ceeaabc10266879d7678039511e4412afecc | 2986d4514ba7fdc1d9c488637bffe9cf99e67982e719dfae9dd0e5e734aafdda | c70787ccca6795e95caf38290a0095e4ec51577998c9d1d48a7c1e6b8a5b7a49 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"per Dr. Person2's desire and Dr. B agree to get Person3 off Oxy ext release\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"work down to lowest usage Oxy rapid w/o dealing w break through pain\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"which can be pretty nasty\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is about adjusting Person3's medication from extended-release Oxy to rapid-release to avoid breakthrough pain. The previous sentence mentions a call with Dr. B, and the next sentence details the new dosage setup.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the relevant codes. The sentence discusses medication changes and agreement between doctors, so InfoGive might be relevant here because it's providing information about drug usage. The sub-code under InfoGive related to drugs is \"Drugs\". \n\nLooking at the content, they're talking about switching medication types and dosage, which is definitely about drugs. The span here would be \"Re Oxy 15mg rapid release: per Dr. Person2's desire and Dr. B agree to get Person3 off Oxy ext release ASAP, and work down to lowest usage Oxy rapid w/o dealing w break through pain, which can be pretty nasty.\"\n\nAdditionally, there's a mention of agreement between providers, which might relate to care coordination. The sub-code under InfoGive for care coordination is \"carecoordination\". The part about Dr. Person2 and Dr. B agreeing could be the span for that, but the main focus here is on the medication details. \n\nWait, but the main sentence is more about the medication specifics rather than coordination between providers. The agreement is part of the decision-making process, but the primary information given is about the drug adjustments. So maybe only the Drugs sub-code applies here. \n\nAlso, checking if there's any PartnershipPatient or Provider elements. The sentence is from the patient's perspective, but it's more about the medical instructions rather than expressing preferences or building trust. So probably not those codes. \n\nTherefore, the main code is InfoGive with the sub-code Drugs, covering the entire sentence about the medication changes and agreement on dosage.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Re Oxy 15mg rapid release: per Dr. Person2's desire and Dr. B agree to get Person3 off Oxy ext release ASAP, and work down to lowest usage Oxy rapid w/o dealing w break through pain, which can be pretty nasty.\"}]}"
] |
70 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Re Oxy 15mg rapid release: per Dr. Person2's desire and Dr. B agree to get Person3 off Oxy ext release ASAP, and work down to lowest usage Oxy rapid w/o dealing w break through pain, which can be pretty nasty.\n Current sentence: I've set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\n Next sentence: Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I've set up Person3's other\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "I've set up Person3's other"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person3! Per Person1, as long as you are feeling ok you can go ahead and start Ibrance today! I hope this helps! Best, Person2\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Approval/Reinforcement\", \"Span\": \"Per Person1, as long as you are feeling ok you can go ahead and start Ibrance today!\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \"I hope this helps!\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Am curious if it not cancer what it can be then?\n Current sentence: I read that this is how early stage throat cancer often begins.\n Next sentence: Thanks, Person2\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"I read that this is how early stage throat cancer often begins\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Re Oxy 15mg rapid release: per Dr. Person2's desire and Dr. B agree to get Person3 off Oxy ext release ASAP, and work down to lowest usage Oxy rapid w/o dealing w break through pain, which can be pretty nasty.\n Current sentence: I've set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\n Next sentence: Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the patient, and I need to analyze it according to the given codes and subcodes. \n\nFirst, the previous sentence mentions setting up Person3's medication with specific dosages of Oxy. The current sentence says, \"I've set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\" The next sentence talks about adjusting the dosage over time.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance or instructions. The patient is detailing the medication schedule here, which includes specific dosages and how often to take them. That sounds like the Instruction subcode under InfoGive because they're giving directions on medication use.\n\nAlso, the mention of \"7.5mg Oxy 3x diem\" and \"boosters\" relates to drugs, so the Drugs subcode under InfoGive might also apply here. The patient is providing information about the medication regimen, which is a drug-related instruction.\n\nI should check if there are other codes. PartnershipPatient involves active participation, like the patient taking initiative in their care. Since the patient is setting up the medication plan themselves, that could be activeParticipation/involvement. But the sentence is more about providing the plan details rather than expressing involvement. Maybe that's better under InfoGive.\n\nNo mention of socioemotional aspects here, so Socioemotional/Empathy isn't needed. SharedDecision codes involve decision-making collaboration, but the patient is stating what they've done, not discussing options. \n\nSo the main codes here are InfoGive with subcodes Instruction and Drugs. The spans would be \"set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem\" for Instruction, and \"7.5mg Oxy\" and \"7.5 Oxy boosters\" for Drugs. Wait, but the span needs to be minimal. Maybe \"7.5mg Oxy 3x diem\" and \"7.5 Oxy boosters\" as separate spans? Or combine them under one subcode?\n\nAlternatively, the entire instruction about setting up the meds is the Instruction span, and the specific drug mentions are Drugs. Let me see the definitions again. \n\nInstruction is providing guidance to ensure proper execution. The entire setup is an instruction. The Drugs subcode refers to the substances themselves. So \"7.5mg Oxy\" and \"Oxy boosters\" are the drug references. \n\nTherefore, two entries: one for Instruction with the setup part, and two for Drugs (but maybe one span that includes both instances). Wait, the sentence mentions both the regular dose and the boosters. The span for Drugs could be \"7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\" But the minimal span should be the core. Alternatively, each drug mention is a separate span, but the instruction is the main action here. \n\nHmm, perhaps the primary code is InfoGive with subcode Instruction for the entire setup, and also InfoGive with Drugs for the specific drug details. The minimal spans would be \"7.5mg Oxy 3x diem\" and \"7.5 Oxy boosters\" as separate spans under Drugs. But maybe the entire sentence's main point is giving instructions on medication, so the main Instruction span is \"I've set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\" But the instruction subcode requires the minimal span. Alternatively, the key part is \"set up... meds\" which is the action, but the specifics are the drug details. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is providing an instruction on medication, so the Instruction subcode's span is the entire sentence's main action. But the minimal span should be the core phrase. Maybe \"set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem\" is the instruction part, and the rest is the drug details. \n\nAlternatively, the Drugs subcode would capture the mention of Oxy specifics. So two separate entries: one for Instruction (the setup) and one for Drugs (the dosage details). \n\nI think the correct approach is:\n\n- InfoGive with Instruction subcode for the action of setting up the medication plan. The span would be \"I've set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\"\n\nWait, but the minimal span should be the core phrase. Maybe \"set up Person"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the patient, and I need to analyze it according to the given codes and subcodes. \n\nFirst, the previous sentence mentions setting up Person3's medication with specific dosages of Oxy. The current sentence says, \"I've set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\" The next sentence talks about adjusting the dosage over time.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance or instructions. The patient is detailing the medication schedule here, which includes specific dosages and how often to take them. That sounds like the Instruction subcode under InfoGive because they're giving directions on medication use.\n\nAlso, the mention of \"7.5mg Oxy 3x diem\" and \"boosters\" relates to drugs, so the Drugs subcode under InfoGive might also apply here. The patient is providing information about the medication regimen, which is a drug-related instruction.\n\nI should check if there are other codes. PartnershipPatient involves active participation, like the patient taking initiative in their care. Since the patient is setting up the medication plan themselves, that could be activeParticipation/involvement. But the sentence is more about providing the plan details rather than expressing involvement. Maybe that's better under InfoGive.\n\nNo mention of socioemotional aspects here, so Socioemotional/Empathy isn't needed. SharedDecision codes involve decision-making collaboration, but the patient is stating what they've done, not discussing options. \n\nSo the main codes here are InfoGive with subcodes Instruction and Drugs. The spans would be \"set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem\" for Instruction, and \"7.5mg Oxy\" and \"7.5 Oxy boosters\" for Drugs. Wait, but the span needs to be minimal. Maybe \"7.5mg Oxy 3x diem\" and \"7.5 Oxy boosters\" as separate spans? Or combine them under one subcode?\n\nAlternatively, the entire instruction about setting up the meds is the Instruction span, and the specific drug mentions are Drugs. Let me see the definitions again. \n\nInstruction is providing guidance to ensure proper execution. The entire setup is an instruction. The Drugs subcode refers to the substances themselves. So \"7.5mg Oxy\" and \"Oxy boosters\" are the drug references. \n\nTherefore, two entries: one for Instruction with the setup part, and two for Drugs (but maybe one span that includes both instances). Wait, the sentence mentions both the regular dose and the boosters. The span for Drugs could be \"7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\" But the minimal span should be the core. Alternatively, each drug mention is a separate span, but the instruction is the main action here. \n\nHmm, perhaps the primary code is InfoGive with subcode Instruction for the entire setup, and also InfoGive with Drugs for the specific drug details. The minimal spans would be \"7.5mg Oxy 3x diem\" and \"7.5 Oxy boosters\" as separate spans under Drugs. But maybe the entire sentence's main point is giving instructions on medication, so the main Instruction span is \"I've set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\" But the instruction subcode requires the minimal span. Alternatively, the key part is \"set up... meds\" which is the action, but the specifics are the drug details. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is providing an instruction on medication, so the Instruction subcode's span is the entire sentence's main action. But the minimal span should be the core phrase. Maybe \"set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem\" is the instruction part, and the rest is the drug details. \n\nAlternatively, the Drugs subcode would capture the mention of Oxy specifics. So two separate entries: one for Instruction (the setup) and one for Drugs (the dosage details). \n\nI think the correct approach is:\n\n- InfoGive with Instruction subcode for the action of setting up the medication plan. The span would be \"I've set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\"\n\nWait, but the minimal span should be the core phrase. Maybe \"set up Person"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 0a5bba292f08403210c0471a0c231bebd732128308f051c3c4f74d83ebc66869 | fb1d70b5824f9276d1dad63d8097a3cac37305a4265f02469cdee471e20b8b08 | 063d0eb821f5cc57f00b34d55b9eebf1f87d9045392a5eda77f3016834f1a307 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I've set up Person3's other\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the patient, and I need to analyze it according to the given codes and subcodes. \n\nFirst, the previous sentence mentions setting up Person3's medication with specific dosages of Oxy. The current sentence says, \"I've set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\" The next sentence talks about adjusting the dosage over time.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance or instructions. The patient is detailing the medication schedule here, which includes specific dosages and how often to take them. That sounds like the Instruction subcode under InfoGive because they're giving directions on medication use.\n\nAlso, the mention of \"7.5mg Oxy 3x diem\" and \"boosters\" relates to drugs, so the Drugs subcode under InfoGive might also apply here. The patient is providing information about the medication regimen, which is a drug-related instruction.\n\nI should check if there are other codes. PartnershipPatient involves active participation, like the patient taking initiative in their care. Since the patient is setting up the medication plan themselves, that could be activeParticipation/involvement. But the sentence is more about providing the plan details rather than expressing involvement. Maybe that's better under InfoGive.\n\nNo mention of socioemotional aspects here, so Socioemotional/Empathy isn't needed. SharedDecision codes involve decision-making collaboration, but the patient is stating what they've done, not discussing options. \n\nSo the main codes here are InfoGive with subcodes Instruction and Drugs. The spans would be \"set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem\" for Instruction, and \"7.5mg Oxy\" and \"7.5 Oxy boosters\" for Drugs. Wait, but the span needs to be minimal. Maybe \"7.5mg Oxy 3x diem\" and \"7.5 Oxy boosters\" as separate spans? Or combine them under one subcode?\n\nAlternatively, the entire instruction about setting up the meds is the Instruction span, and the specific drug mentions are Drugs. Let me see the definitions again. \n\nInstruction is providing guidance to ensure proper execution. The entire setup is an instruction. The Drugs subcode refers to the substances themselves. So \"7.5mg Oxy\" and \"Oxy boosters\" are the drug references. \n\nTherefore, two entries: one for Instruction with the setup part, and two for Drugs (but maybe one span that includes both instances). Wait, the sentence mentions both the regular dose and the boosters. The span for Drugs could be \"7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\" But the minimal span should be the core. Alternatively, each drug mention is a separate span, but the instruction is the main action here. \n\nHmm, perhaps the primary code is InfoGive with subcode Instruction for the entire setup, and also InfoGive with Drugs for the specific drug details. The minimal spans would be \"7.5mg Oxy 3x diem\" and \"7.5 Oxy boosters\" as separate spans under Drugs. But maybe the entire sentence's main point is giving instructions on medication, so the main Instruction span is \"I've set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\" But the instruction subcode requires the minimal span. Alternatively, the key part is \"set up... meds\" which is the action, but the specifics are the drug details. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is providing an instruction on medication, so the Instruction subcode's span is the entire sentence's main action. But the minimal span should be the core phrase. Maybe \"set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem\" is the instruction part, and the rest is the drug details. \n\nAlternatively, the Drugs subcode would capture the mention of Oxy specifics. So two separate entries: one for Instruction (the setup) and one for Drugs (the dosage details). \n\nI think the correct approach is:\n\n- InfoGive with Instruction subcode for the action of setting up the medication plan. The span would be \"I've set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\"\n\nWait, but the minimal span should be the core phrase. Maybe \"set up Person"
] |
71 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I've set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\n Current sentence: Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: 30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY, considering ste p down and a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I have passed this message along to Dr Person2.\n Current sentence: Unfortunately we do not have control over visitor restrictions in the hospital.\n Next sentence: I would suggest calling the floor to see what their policy is and if/when you can go visit.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Unfortunately we do not have control over visitor restrictions in the hospital\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Ok thank you so much\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Alignment\", \"Span\": \"Ok\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"thank you so much\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I've set up Person3's other am, MM/DD/YYYY, pm meds w 7.5mg Oxy 3x diem, with 7.5 Oxy boosters once, twice a day as needed.\n Current sentence: Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: 30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY, considering ste p down and a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
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"do_sample": false,
"temperature": 0,
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided a patient's message and wants me to identify the relevant codes and subcodes based on the given definitions. Let me start by understanding the input.\n\nThe current sentence is: \"Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous and next sentences mention setting up medications with Oxy (probably Oxycodone) dosages and considering a step-down plan. \n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence in context. The patient is discussing managing Oxy dosages over specific dates. The key here is that they're talking about medication management, specifically adjusting the dosage. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance. The subcode \"Drugs\" under InfoGive fits because they're discussing medication use. The span here would be \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" refers to adjusting the medication, so maybe \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" are parts of the span. Wait, but the entire sentence is about maintaining and adjusting the drug dosage. The exact span should be the part that directly relates to the drug information. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is about the patient's experience with the medication's effectiveness and adjustments. Since the patient is informing the provider about their medication use, this falls under InfoGive (providing information) specifically under the Drugs subcode. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek, but since the patient is giving information rather than seeking it, InfoGive is more appropriate. \n\nLooking at the subcodes under InfoGive: Drugs is the right subcode here because they're talking about the medication (Oxy) and its administration. The span would be \"Trying to keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but maybe the entire sentence's main point is about the drug's management. However, the exact span needs to be minimal. The key terms are \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" which indicate adjusting the dosage. \n\nWait, the sentence structure is \"Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY.\" The dates are placeholders, so the action is about maintaining the dosage but having to adjust. The core here is the drug (Oxy) and the adjustment, so the span would be \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but maybe the entire phrase \"Trying to keep Oxy steady\" is the main part indicating the drug management. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is about the patient's attempt to manage the drug dosage, so the span would be the entire sentence's main clause. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. The key terms are \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but perhaps \"Oxy\" is the key drug mention. \n\nWait, the exact span should be the part that directly refers to the drug information. The phrase \"keep Oxy steady\" clearly mentions the drug and the action, so that's a good span. The second part \"had to go\" might refer to increasing the dosage or changing the plan, but without more context, the main part is about the drug's management. \n\nTherefore, the code is InfoGive with subcode Drugs, and the span is \"Trying to keep Oxy steady\". Wait, but the entire sentence includes both parts. Maybe the minimal span is \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but perhaps the entire sentence's main point is about the drug's use. Alternatively, the entire sentence's main subject is the drug, so the span would be \"Oxy\" but that's too minimal. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is providing information about drug usage, so the entire sentence's main clause is the span. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nUnder InfoGive's Drugs subcode: \"Refers to substances used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases...\" So any mention of the drug's administration or adjustment would fit. The span here is \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but perhaps the key is \"Oxy\" as the drug name. However, the entire phrase \"Trying to keep Oxy steady\" is the action related to the drug. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is about managing the drug's dosage, so the span would be \"Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY.\" But the instruction says minimal span. Maybe \"keep Oxy steady\" is sufficient. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of \"Oxy\" and the adjustment is the key. So the span would be \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but perhaps the entire sentence's main clause is the span. \n\nWait, the next sentence mentions \"30 count has gotten him through\" which is also about the drug's effectiveness, but the"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided a patient's message and wants me to identify the relevant codes and subcodes based on the given definitions. Let me start by understanding the input.\n\nThe current sentence is: \"Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous and next sentences mention setting up medications with Oxy (probably Oxycodone) dosages and considering a step-down plan. \n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence in context. The patient is discussing managing Oxy dosages over specific dates. The key here is that they're talking about medication management, specifically adjusting the dosage. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance. The subcode \"Drugs\" under InfoGive fits because they're discussing medication use. The span here would be \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" refers to adjusting the medication, so maybe \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" are parts of the span. Wait, but the entire sentence is about maintaining and adjusting the drug dosage. The exact span should be the part that directly relates to the drug information. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is about the patient's experience with the medication's effectiveness and adjustments. Since the patient is informing the provider about their medication use, this falls under InfoGive (providing information) specifically under the Drugs subcode. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek, but since the patient is giving information rather than seeking it, InfoGive is more appropriate. \n\nLooking at the subcodes under InfoGive: Drugs is the right subcode here because they're talking about the medication (Oxy) and its administration. The span would be \"Trying to keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but maybe the entire sentence's main point is about the drug's management. However, the exact span needs to be minimal. The key terms are \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" which indicate adjusting the dosage. \n\nWait, the sentence structure is \"Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY.\" The dates are placeholders, so the action is about maintaining the dosage but having to adjust. The core here is the drug (Oxy) and the adjustment, so the span would be \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but maybe the entire phrase \"Trying to keep Oxy steady\" is the main part indicating the drug management. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is about the patient's attempt to manage the drug dosage, so the span would be the entire sentence's main clause. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. The key terms are \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but perhaps \"Oxy\" is the key drug mention. \n\nWait, the exact span should be the part that directly refers to the drug information. The phrase \"keep Oxy steady\" clearly mentions the drug and the action, so that's a good span. The second part \"had to go\" might refer to increasing the dosage or changing the plan, but without more context, the main part is about the drug's management. \n\nTherefore, the code is InfoGive with subcode Drugs, and the span is \"Trying to keep Oxy steady\". Wait, but the entire sentence includes both parts. Maybe the minimal span is \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but perhaps the entire sentence's main point is about the drug's use. Alternatively, the entire sentence's main subject is the drug, so the span would be \"Oxy\" but that's too minimal. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is providing information about drug usage, so the entire sentence's main clause is the span. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nUnder InfoGive's Drugs subcode: \"Refers to substances used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases...\" So any mention of the drug's administration or adjustment would fit. The span here is \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but perhaps the key is \"Oxy\" as the drug name. However, the entire phrase \"Trying to keep Oxy steady\" is the action related to the drug. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is about managing the drug's dosage, so the span would be \"Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY.\" But the instruction says minimal span. Maybe \"keep Oxy steady\" is sufficient. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of \"Oxy\" and the adjustment is the key. So the span would be \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but perhaps the entire sentence's main clause is the span. \n\nWait, the next sentence mentions \"30 count has gotten him through\" which is also about the drug's effectiveness, but the"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 65a089f473bc1c2cc6276afbd16ad854573d9d9b15f4aeb3104cf705700b5479 | 3b367c655dc9573c3e3a62ed1fcaca5f64814835299aad649602b38c9495ae01 | f838fcf76891edee23e7b7bc6dace46a31db54478320d4f93fa2875bb9895811 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided a patient's message and wants me to identify the relevant codes and subcodes based on the given definitions. Let me start by understanding the input.\n\nThe current sentence is: \"Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous and next sentences mention setting up medications with Oxy (probably Oxycodone) dosages and considering a step-down plan. \n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence in context. The patient is discussing managing Oxy dosages over specific dates. The key here is that they're talking about medication management, specifically adjusting the dosage. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance. The subcode \"Drugs\" under InfoGive fits because they're discussing medication use. The span here would be \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" refers to adjusting the medication, so maybe \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" are parts of the span. Wait, but the entire sentence is about maintaining and adjusting the drug dosage. The exact span should be the part that directly relates to the drug information. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is about the patient's experience with the medication's effectiveness and adjustments. Since the patient is informing the provider about their medication use, this falls under InfoGive (providing information) specifically under the Drugs subcode. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek, but since the patient is giving information rather than seeking it, InfoGive is more appropriate. \n\nLooking at the subcodes under InfoGive: Drugs is the right subcode here because they're talking about the medication (Oxy) and its administration. The span would be \"Trying to keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but maybe the entire sentence's main point is about the drug's management. However, the exact span needs to be minimal. The key terms are \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" which indicate adjusting the dosage. \n\nWait, the sentence structure is \"Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY.\" The dates are placeholders, so the action is about maintaining the dosage but having to adjust. The core here is the drug (Oxy) and the adjustment, so the span would be \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but maybe the entire phrase \"Trying to keep Oxy steady\" is the main part indicating the drug management. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is about the patient's attempt to manage the drug dosage, so the span would be the entire sentence's main clause. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. The key terms are \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but perhaps \"Oxy\" is the key drug mention. \n\nWait, the exact span should be the part that directly refers to the drug information. The phrase \"keep Oxy steady\" clearly mentions the drug and the action, so that's a good span. The second part \"had to go\" might refer to increasing the dosage or changing the plan, but without more context, the main part is about the drug's management. \n\nTherefore, the code is InfoGive with subcode Drugs, and the span is \"Trying to keep Oxy steady\". Wait, but the entire sentence includes both parts. Maybe the minimal span is \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but perhaps the entire sentence's main point is about the drug's use. Alternatively, the entire sentence's main subject is the drug, so the span would be \"Oxy\" but that's too minimal. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is providing information about drug usage, so the entire sentence's main clause is the span. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nUnder InfoGive's Drugs subcode: \"Refers to substances used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases...\" So any mention of the drug's administration or adjustment would fit. The span here is \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but perhaps the key is \"Oxy\" as the drug name. However, the entire phrase \"Trying to keep Oxy steady\" is the action related to the drug. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is about managing the drug's dosage, so the span would be \"Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY.\" But the instruction says minimal span. Maybe \"keep Oxy steady\" is sufficient. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of \"Oxy\" and the adjustment is the key. So the span would be \"keep Oxy steady\" and \"had to go\" but perhaps the entire sentence's main clause is the span. \n\nWait, the next sentence mentions \"30 count has gotten him through\" which is also about the drug's effectiveness, but the"
] |
72 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: 30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY, considering ste p down and a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\n Next sentence: Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night; MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY, considering ste p down and a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Symptoms", "Span": "30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY, considering ste p down and a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: In addition to the bruising, I probably have 20+ hematoma under the skin.\n Current sentence: This is both uncomfortable and painful.\n Next sentence: Would like to switch back to Eliquis.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"This is both uncomfortable and painful\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Good morning- please call us once he is discharged.. we can delay the visit to allow him to get out of the hospital and recover.\n Next sentence: Thank you Person1\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Good morning\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"we can delay the visit to allow him to get out of the hospital and recover\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Trying to keep Oxy steady at MM/DD/YYYY, but MM/DD/YYYY had to go MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: 30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY, considering ste p down and a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\n Next sentence: Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night; MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY, considering step down and a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions trying to keep Oxy steady on certain dates but having to adjust on another date. The current sentence talks about a 30-count helping him through a period, considering a step down, and some tough pain days after. The next sentence is about Eliquis dosing.\n\nStarting with the Code identification. The patient is discussing their medication usage and pain management. The mention of \"30 count\" likely refers to a supply of medication (like OxyContin), so that's related to drugs. \"Considering step down\" might refer to reducing the dosage, which is part of medication management. \"Tough pain days\" relates to symptoms.\n\nLooking at the Codes, InfoGive is about providing information to assist in understanding a situation. The patient is giving details about their medication use and pain experience, so InfoGive seems appropriate. The sub-code for symptoms would fit \"tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\" The \"step down\" could relate to medication management, so maybe the Drugs sub-code under InfoGive.\n\nWait, the \"step down\" might be part of a treatment plan adjustment. The sub-code for Drugs under InfoGive includes substances used for treatment. The \"30 count has gotten him through\" is about the medication's effectiveness, so that's also under Drugs. \n\nAdditionally, \"considering step down\" could be part of an instruction or care coordination, but the main focus here is on the medication usage and pain symptoms. \n\nThe next sentence talks about Eliquis dosing, which is also about drugs, but that's in the next sentence, so we can ignore that for the current sentence.\n\nSo the main elements here are discussing the use of medication (30 count) and the resulting pain symptoms. Therefore, the Codes would be InfoGive with sub-codes Symptoms and Drugs. \n\nWait, but the \"step down\" might be part of an instruction or a plan. Let me check the sub-codes again. The InfoGive sub-codes include Symptoms, SchedulingAppt, Diagnostics, Instruction, Drugs, etc. \n\nThe phrase \"considering step down\" could be part of the patient's plan, which might be under Instruction (providing guidance on how to proceed). But the main part here is the patient reporting their experience with the medication and pain, so Symptoms and Drugs are the primary sub-codes. \n\nThe span for Symptoms would be \"a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\" The span for Drugs would be \"30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY\" but the minimal span should be the core phrase. Maybe \"30 count\" refers to the drug count, so \"30 count\" as the span for Drugs. However, the entire phrase is about the medication's role, so perhaps \"30 count has gotten him through\" is the span for Drugs. But the instruction part might be \"considering step down,\" which could be under Instruction. \n\nHmm, \"considering step down\" might indicate a plan or decision, which could be part of SharedDecisionPatient. The sub-code ExploreOptions or SeekingApproval? But the patient is stating their own consideration, so maybe that's part of active participation. \n\nAlternatively, \"considering step down\" could be part of the patient's own decision-making process, so under PartnershipPatient's activeParticipation/involvement. But the main Code here is about providing information, so maybe it's better to stick with InfoGive. \n\nAlternatively, the \"step down\" could be part of the medication management, so under Drugs sub-code. The exact wording is important. The sentence is explaining how the 30 count helped and now considering a step down, which is a change in dosage. So that's part of the medication information, hence Drugs sub-code. \n\nTherefore, the two sub-codes here would be Symptoms and Drugs under InfoGive. \n\nThe spans would be:\n- \"a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter\" for Symptoms.\n- \"30 count has gotten him through\" for Drugs. But maybe the minimal span is \"30 count\" or \"step down\". Wait, \"step down\" might be the action related to the drug. \n\nAlternatively, \"considering step down\" could be part of the instruction or care coordination. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nThe Drugs sub-code is about substances used for treatment. The 30 count refers to the quantity of the drug (like 30 pills), so that's definitely under Drugs. The \"step down\" might refer to reducing the dosage, which is part of the medication management, so also under Drugs. \n\nTherefore, the span for Drugs could be \"30 count\" and \"step down\". But the sentence structure is \"30 count has gotten him through... considering step"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY, considering step down and a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions trying to keep Oxy steady on certain dates but having to adjust on another date. The current sentence talks about a 30-count helping him through a period, considering a step down, and some tough pain days after. The next sentence is about Eliquis dosing.\n\nStarting with the Code identification. The patient is discussing their medication usage and pain management. The mention of \"30 count\" likely refers to a supply of medication (like OxyContin), so that's related to drugs. \"Considering step down\" might refer to reducing the dosage, which is part of medication management. \"Tough pain days\" relates to symptoms.\n\nLooking at the Codes, InfoGive is about providing information to assist in understanding a situation. The patient is giving details about their medication use and pain experience, so InfoGive seems appropriate. The sub-code for symptoms would fit \"tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\" The \"step down\" could relate to medication management, so maybe the Drugs sub-code under InfoGive.\n\nWait, the \"step down\" might be part of a treatment plan adjustment. The sub-code for Drugs under InfoGive includes substances used for treatment. The \"30 count has gotten him through\" is about the medication's effectiveness, so that's also under Drugs. \n\nAdditionally, \"considering step down\" could be part of an instruction or care coordination, but the main focus here is on the medication usage and pain symptoms. \n\nThe next sentence talks about Eliquis dosing, which is also about drugs, but that's in the next sentence, so we can ignore that for the current sentence.\n\nSo the main elements here are discussing the use of medication (30 count) and the resulting pain symptoms. Therefore, the Codes would be InfoGive with sub-codes Symptoms and Drugs. \n\nWait, but the \"step down\" might be part of an instruction or a plan. Let me check the sub-codes again. The InfoGive sub-codes include Symptoms, SchedulingAppt, Diagnostics, Instruction, Drugs, etc. \n\nThe phrase \"considering step down\" could be part of the patient's plan, which might be under Instruction (providing guidance on how to proceed). But the main part here is the patient reporting their experience with the medication and pain, so Symptoms and Drugs are the primary sub-codes. \n\nThe span for Symptoms would be \"a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\" The span for Drugs would be \"30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY\" but the minimal span should be the core phrase. Maybe \"30 count\" refers to the drug count, so \"30 count\" as the span for Drugs. However, the entire phrase is about the medication's role, so perhaps \"30 count has gotten him through\" is the span for Drugs. But the instruction part might be \"considering step down,\" which could be under Instruction. \n\nHmm, \"considering step down\" might indicate a plan or decision, which could be part of SharedDecisionPatient. The sub-code ExploreOptions or SeekingApproval? But the patient is stating their own consideration, so maybe that's part of active participation. \n\nAlternatively, \"considering step down\" could be part of the patient's own decision-making process, so under PartnershipPatient's activeParticipation/involvement. But the main Code here is about providing information, so maybe it's better to stick with InfoGive. \n\nAlternatively, the \"step down\" could be part of the medication management, so under Drugs sub-code. The exact wording is important. The sentence is explaining how the 30 count helped and now considering a step down, which is a change in dosage. So that's part of the medication information, hence Drugs sub-code. \n\nTherefore, the two sub-codes here would be Symptoms and Drugs under InfoGive. \n\nThe spans would be:\n- \"a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter\" for Symptoms.\n- \"30 count has gotten him through\" for Drugs. But maybe the minimal span is \"30 count\" or \"step down\". Wait, \"step down\" might be the action related to the drug. \n\nAlternatively, \"considering step down\" could be part of the instruction or care coordination. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nThe Drugs sub-code is about substances used for treatment. The 30 count refers to the quantity of the drug (like 30 pills), so that's definitely under Drugs. The \"step down\" might refer to reducing the dosage, which is part of the medication management, so also under Drugs. \n\nTherefore, the span for Drugs could be \"30 count\" and \"step down\". But the sentence structure is \"30 count has gotten him through... considering step"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 02c264806f1e89e511e8671b0a37b0f1a4303bd4aac34613748f88786f709e14 | f83e0c22b1543799dbbef852bb12e19bb689ea8d8a0da994662f357b28b4c030 | 408200db2627b005e61368a253a0b7fd058be0bc22023655b35bf88cdd50ea45 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY, considering ste p down and a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY, considering step down and a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions trying to keep Oxy steady on certain dates but having to adjust on another date. The current sentence talks about a 30-count helping him through a period, considering a step down, and some tough pain days after. The next sentence is about Eliquis dosing.\n\nStarting with the Code identification. The patient is discussing their medication usage and pain management. The mention of \"30 count\" likely refers to a supply of medication (like OxyContin), so that's related to drugs. \"Considering step down\" might refer to reducing the dosage, which is part of medication management. \"Tough pain days\" relates to symptoms.\n\nLooking at the Codes, InfoGive is about providing information to assist in understanding a situation. The patient is giving details about their medication use and pain experience, so InfoGive seems appropriate. The sub-code for symptoms would fit \"tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\" The \"step down\" could relate to medication management, so maybe the Drugs sub-code under InfoGive.\n\nWait, the \"step down\" might be part of a treatment plan adjustment. The sub-code for Drugs under InfoGive includes substances used for treatment. The \"30 count has gotten him through\" is about the medication's effectiveness, so that's also under Drugs. \n\nAdditionally, \"considering step down\" could be part of an instruction or care coordination, but the main focus here is on the medication usage and pain symptoms. \n\nThe next sentence talks about Eliquis dosing, which is also about drugs, but that's in the next sentence, so we can ignore that for the current sentence.\n\nSo the main elements here are discussing the use of medication (30 count) and the resulting pain symptoms. Therefore, the Codes would be InfoGive with sub-codes Symptoms and Drugs. \n\nWait, but the \"step down\" might be part of an instruction or a plan. Let me check the sub-codes again. The InfoGive sub-codes include Symptoms, SchedulingAppt, Diagnostics, Instruction, Drugs, etc. \n\nThe phrase \"considering step down\" could be part of the patient's plan, which might be under Instruction (providing guidance on how to proceed). But the main part here is the patient reporting their experience with the medication and pain, so Symptoms and Drugs are the primary sub-codes. \n\nThe span for Symptoms would be \"a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\" The span for Drugs would be \"30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY\" but the minimal span should be the core phrase. Maybe \"30 count\" refers to the drug count, so \"30 count\" as the span for Drugs. However, the entire phrase is about the medication's role, so perhaps \"30 count has gotten him through\" is the span for Drugs. But the instruction part might be \"considering step down,\" which could be under Instruction. \n\nHmm, \"considering step down\" might indicate a plan or decision, which could be part of SharedDecisionPatient. The sub-code ExploreOptions or SeekingApproval? But the patient is stating their own consideration, so maybe that's part of active participation. \n\nAlternatively, \"considering step down\" could be part of the patient's own decision-making process, so under PartnershipPatient's activeParticipation/involvement. But the main Code here is about providing information, so maybe it's better to stick with InfoGive. \n\nAlternatively, the \"step down\" could be part of the medication management, so under Drugs sub-code. The exact wording is important. The sentence is explaining how the 30 count helped and now considering a step down, which is a change in dosage. So that's part of the medication information, hence Drugs sub-code. \n\nTherefore, the two sub-codes here would be Symptoms and Drugs under InfoGive. \n\nThe spans would be:\n- \"a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter\" for Symptoms.\n- \"30 count has gotten him through\" for Drugs. But maybe the minimal span is \"30 count\" or \"step down\". Wait, \"step down\" might be the action related to the drug. \n\nAlternatively, \"considering step down\" could be part of the instruction or care coordination. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nThe Drugs sub-code is about substances used for treatment. The 30 count refers to the quantity of the drug (like 30 pills), so that's definitely under Drugs. The \"step down\" might refer to reducing the dosage, which is part of the medication management, so also under Drugs. \n\nTherefore, the span for Drugs could be \"30 count\" and \"step down\". But the sentence structure is \"30 count has gotten him through... considering step"
] |
73 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: 30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY, considering ste p down and a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\n Current sentence: Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night; MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm.\n Next sentence: Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I have been at work daily and just checked through Person2 messages as well.\n Current sentence: What did he recommend?\n Next sentence: Person3\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"What did he recommend?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: We have been directing patients to their PCP office or the Org2 website.\n Current sentence: I would also check your mychart and go to schedule appointment and see if anything comes up for you to schedule.\n Next sentence: We do recommend getting it\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"I would also check your mychart and go to schedule appointment and see if anything comes up for you to schedule\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: 30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY, considering ste p down and a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\n Current sentence: Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night; MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm.\n Next sentence: Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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} | [
[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The task is to analyze the patient's current sentence and identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the provided definitions. The input is:\n\nPrevious sentence: \"30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY, considering step down and a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\"\nCurrent sentence: \"Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night; MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm.\"\nNext sentence: \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists.\"\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions a \"30 count\" which might refer to medication dosage, and considering a step down, possibly in dosage. The current sentence is about Eliquis, a medication, detailing the dosage over specific dates. The next sentence talks about swelling in the leg, which is a symptom.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and sub-codes. The current sentence is from the patient, so I should check codes related to patient communication. The main codes are InfoSeek, InfoSeekSDOH, PartnershipPatient, SharedDecisionPatient, and Socioemotional/Empathy. Since the patient is providing information about their medication use, it might fall under InfoGive or InfoSeek, but since the patient is the one giving the info, maybe InfoGive? Wait, but the codes for InfoGive are under provider or patient? Wait, looking back at the definitions:\n\nInfoGive is the process of providing clear guidance to assist in understanding a situation. The sub-codes include Drugs, which refers to substances used for medical conditions. The patient here is detailing their Eliquis dosage, so that's about drugs. So the code would be InfoGive, sub-code Drugs. The span would be \"Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night; MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm.\"\n\nWait, but the patient is the one providing this info. The code InfoGive is for providing information, which can be from either patient or provider? The definition says \"to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need.\" So yes, the patient can provide info to the doctor. So that's valid.\n\nAnother possible code: PartnershipPatient? Let's see the sub-codes. For example, activeParticipation/involvement, which is about patients engaging in their care by providing info. The patient here is giving details about their medication adherence, which is active participation. So that could also be a code. The sub-code would be activeParticipation/involvement. The span would still be the same sentence.\n\nWait, but the question is to extract all possible codes. So need to check both possibilities.\n\nLooking at the definitions again:\n\nInfoGive's sub-code Drugs is about substances used for treatment. The patient is reporting their drug intake, so that's a fit. So that's one pair.\n\nPartnershipPatient's sub-code activeParticipation/involvement is when the patient provides information to aid diagnosis or problem-solving. Since the patient is detailing their medication use, which is part of their treatment, this is active participation. So that's another pair.\n\nAre there any other codes? Let's see:\n\nThe next sentence mentions swelling, which is a symptom, but that's in the next sentence, so we can't use that here. The current sentence is purely about medication.\n\nSo the two possible codes are InfoGive (Drugs) and PartnershipPatient (activeParticipation/involvement). The span for both would be the entire current sentence, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Wait, the entire sentence is the core phrase here because it's all about the drug dosage. So the span would be the entire current sentence.\n\nWait, but the instruction says to extract minimal specific spans. The key part here is \"Re Eliquis: ... 5mg tabs...\" which is about the drug. But the entire sentence is the information given. Since the entire sentence is the core, maybe the entire sentence is acceptable as the span. The instruction says \"core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence,\" but in this case, the entire sentence is the core.\n\nAlternatively, maybe \"Re Eliquis: two 5mg tabs morning and night; one 5mg am and one 5mg pm\" is the span, excluding the dates. But the dates are part of the information given. Hmm. The exact span should be the part that directly relates to the code. Since the code is about the drug dosage, the entire sentence is relevant. So the span is the entire current sentence.\n\nTherefore, the two pairs would be:\n\n1. Code: InfoGive, Sub-code: Drugs, Span: \"Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night; MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm.\"\n\n2. Code: PartnershipPatient, Sub-code: activeParticipation/involvement, same span.\n\nWait"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The task is to analyze the patient's current sentence and identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the provided definitions. The input is:\n\nPrevious sentence: \"30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY, considering step down and a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\"\nCurrent sentence: \"Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night; MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm.\"\nNext sentence: \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists.\"\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions a \"30 count\" which might refer to medication dosage, and considering a step down, possibly in dosage. The current sentence is about Eliquis, a medication, detailing the dosage over specific dates. The next sentence talks about swelling in the leg, which is a symptom.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and sub-codes. The current sentence is from the patient, so I should check codes related to patient communication. The main codes are InfoSeek, InfoSeekSDOH, PartnershipPatient, SharedDecisionPatient, and Socioemotional/Empathy. Since the patient is providing information about their medication use, it might fall under InfoGive or InfoSeek, but since the patient is the one giving the info, maybe InfoGive? Wait, but the codes for InfoGive are under provider or patient? Wait, looking back at the definitions:\n\nInfoGive is the process of providing clear guidance to assist in understanding a situation. The sub-codes include Drugs, which refers to substances used for medical conditions. The patient here is detailing their Eliquis dosage, so that's about drugs. So the code would be InfoGive, sub-code Drugs. The span would be \"Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night; MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm.\"\n\nWait, but the patient is the one providing this info. The code InfoGive is for providing information, which can be from either patient or provider? The definition says \"to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need.\" So yes, the patient can provide info to the doctor. So that's valid.\n\nAnother possible code: PartnershipPatient? Let's see the sub-codes. For example, activeParticipation/involvement, which is about patients engaging in their care by providing info. The patient here is giving details about their medication adherence, which is active participation. So that could also be a code. The sub-code would be activeParticipation/involvement. The span would still be the same sentence.\n\nWait, but the question is to extract all possible codes. So need to check both possibilities.\n\nLooking at the definitions again:\n\nInfoGive's sub-code Drugs is about substances used for treatment. The patient is reporting their drug intake, so that's a fit. So that's one pair.\n\nPartnershipPatient's sub-code activeParticipation/involvement is when the patient provides information to aid diagnosis or problem-solving. Since the patient is detailing their medication use, which is part of their treatment, this is active participation. So that's another pair.\n\nAre there any other codes? Let's see:\n\nThe next sentence mentions swelling, which is a symptom, but that's in the next sentence, so we can't use that here. The current sentence is purely about medication.\n\nSo the two possible codes are InfoGive (Drugs) and PartnershipPatient (activeParticipation/involvement). The span for both would be the entire current sentence, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Wait, the entire sentence is the core phrase here because it's all about the drug dosage. So the span would be the entire current sentence.\n\nWait, but the instruction says to extract minimal specific spans. The key part here is \"Re Eliquis: ... 5mg tabs...\" which is about the drug. But the entire sentence is the information given. Since the entire sentence is the core, maybe the entire sentence is acceptable as the span. The instruction says \"core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence,\" but in this case, the entire sentence is the core.\n\nAlternatively, maybe \"Re Eliquis: two 5mg tabs morning and night; one 5mg am and one 5mg pm\" is the span, excluding the dates. But the dates are part of the information given. Hmm. The exact span should be the part that directly relates to the code. Since the code is about the drug dosage, the entire sentence is relevant. So the span is the entire current sentence.\n\nTherefore, the two pairs would be:\n\n1. Code: InfoGive, Sub-code: Drugs, Span: \"Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night; MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm.\"\n\n2. Code: PartnershipPatient, Sub-code: activeParticipation/involvement, same span.\n\nWait"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | bb2a976fa707c21b4846451b117db4d7044d085ebd69370e6b250f2ca6f4d721 | 50f983118fbfe3c2863a8318d22f8b04c05236f51ad4e7223e3f1d5034ff5bdd | 836237f2dc44757283d6c0962655042940ca834d87395f88385056959a749f35 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The task is to analyze the patient's current sentence and identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the provided definitions. The input is:\n\nPrevious sentence: \"30 count has gotten him through MM/DD/YYYY, considering step down and a few tough pain MM/DD/YYYY thereafter.\"\nCurrent sentence: \"Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night; MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm.\"\nNext sentence: \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists.\"\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions a \"30 count\" which might refer to medication dosage, and considering a step down, possibly in dosage. The current sentence is about Eliquis, a medication, detailing the dosage over specific dates. The next sentence talks about swelling in the leg, which is a symptom.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and sub-codes. The current sentence is from the patient, so I should check codes related to patient communication. The main codes are InfoSeek, InfoSeekSDOH, PartnershipPatient, SharedDecisionPatient, and Socioemotional/Empathy. Since the patient is providing information about their medication use, it might fall under InfoGive or InfoSeek, but since the patient is the one giving the info, maybe InfoGive? Wait, but the codes for InfoGive are under provider or patient? Wait, looking back at the definitions:\n\nInfoGive is the process of providing clear guidance to assist in understanding a situation. The sub-codes include Drugs, which refers to substances used for medical conditions. The patient here is detailing their Eliquis dosage, so that's about drugs. So the code would be InfoGive, sub-code Drugs. The span would be \"Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night; MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm.\"\n\nWait, but the patient is the one providing this info. The code InfoGive is for providing information, which can be from either patient or provider? The definition says \"to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need.\" So yes, the patient can provide info to the doctor. So that's valid.\n\nAnother possible code: PartnershipPatient? Let's see the sub-codes. For example, activeParticipation/involvement, which is about patients engaging in their care by providing info. The patient here is giving details about their medication adherence, which is active participation. So that could also be a code. The sub-code would be activeParticipation/involvement. The span would still be the same sentence.\n\nWait, but the question is to extract all possible codes. So need to check both possibilities.\n\nLooking at the definitions again:\n\nInfoGive's sub-code Drugs is about substances used for treatment. The patient is reporting their drug intake, so that's a fit. So that's one pair.\n\nPartnershipPatient's sub-code activeParticipation/involvement is when the patient provides information to aid diagnosis or problem-solving. Since the patient is detailing their medication use, which is part of their treatment, this is active participation. So that's another pair.\n\nAre there any other codes? Let's see:\n\nThe next sentence mentions swelling, which is a symptom, but that's in the next sentence, so we can't use that here. The current sentence is purely about medication.\n\nSo the two possible codes are InfoGive (Drugs) and PartnershipPatient (activeParticipation/involvement). The span for both would be the entire current sentence, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Wait, the entire sentence is the core phrase here because it's all about the drug dosage. So the span would be the entire current sentence.\n\nWait, but the instruction says to extract minimal specific spans. The key part here is \"Re Eliquis: ... 5mg tabs...\" which is about the drug. But the entire sentence is the information given. Since the entire sentence is the core, maybe the entire sentence is acceptable as the span. The instruction says \"core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence,\" but in this case, the entire sentence is the core.\n\nAlternatively, maybe \"Re Eliquis: two 5mg tabs morning and night; one 5mg am and one 5mg pm\" is the span, excluding the dates. But the dates are part of the information given. Hmm. The exact span should be the part that directly relates to the code. Since the code is about the drug dosage, the entire sentence is relevant. So the span is the entire current sentence.\n\nTherefore, the two pairs would be:\n\n1. Code: InfoGive, Sub-code: Drugs, Span: \"Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night; MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm.\"\n\n2. Code: PartnershipPatient, Sub-code: activeParticipation/involvement, same span.\n\nWait"
] |
74 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night; MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm.\n Current sentence: Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists.\n Next sentence: Person3 is tolerating all meds well and following directions.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Symptoms", "Span": "Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Person1 has done well managing pain while eliminating Oxycontin ER 10mg (as Dr. Person2 was keen Person1 do ASAP).\n Next sentence: Person1 has been taking Oxycodone HCL 15mg, usually split to 7.5mg, about every MM/DD/YYYY through the day, with MM/DD/YYYY off while sleeping.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"has done well managing pain\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"eliminating Oxycontin\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Ok to stop the prednisone completely and see how he does-- keep us updated and then we will see him next week to evaluate the dose of treatment.\n Next sentence: Thank you Person1\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"see how he does-- keep us updated\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"maintainCommunication\", \"Span\": \"then we will see him next week to evaluate the dose of treatment\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Re Eliquis: MM/DD/YYYY two 5mg tabs morning and night; MM/DD/YYYY one 5mg am and one 5mg pm.\n Current sentence: Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists.\n Next sentence: Person3 is tolerating all meds well and following directions.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists.\" The patient is talking about their symptoms here. \n\nFirst, I need to check the previous and next sentences for context. The previous sentence mentions medication (Eliquis) dosing, and the next talks about tolerating meds well. The current sentence is about swelling in the right leg, which is a symptom. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing information to assist in understanding a situation. The sub-code Symptoms fits because the patient is describing their swelling, which is a symptom. The span here would be \"swelling of right leg persists\" and maybe \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly)\".\n\nWait, but \"Sig\" might be a typo or abbreviation. Maybe it's \"significant\" swelling? Either way, the key part is the swelling as a symptom. The part in parentheses mentions improvement, but the main symptom is the persisting swelling. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek, but the patient is reporting symptoms, not seeking info. So InfoGive is correct. The sub-code Symptoms is under InfoGive, so that's good. \n\nNo other codes seem relevant here. Partnership codes involve collaboration, but this is just a symptom report. SharedDecision or Socioemotional don't apply here. \n\nSo the spans would be \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly)\" and \"swelling of right leg persists\". But maybe the entire phrase is one symptom description. Wait, the sentence structure is a bit run-on. Let me parse it again. \n\nThe sentence says \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists.\" It might be two parts: the first part is the current status with some improvement, and the second part states that the swelling persists. Both parts are about symptoms. \n\nTherefore, the Code-Subcode pairs would be two instances of InfoGive-Symptoms. The spans would be \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly)\" and \"swelling of right leg persists\". \n\nAlternatively, maybe the entire phrase is one span, but the instructions say to extract minimal spans. So splitting them into two separate spans makes sense as they describe different aspects of the symptom. \n\nWait, but \"Sig\" could be an abbreviation for \"signature\" in prescriptions, but in this context, since it's about symptoms, maybe it's a typo for \"significant\". Either way, the key is that the patient is reporting a symptom. \n\nSo the final answer should have two entries under InfoGive-Symptoms with those spans.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly)\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"swelling of right leg persists\"}]}"
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists.\" The patient is talking about their symptoms here. \n\nFirst, I need to check the previous and next sentences for context. The previous sentence mentions medication (Eliquis) dosing, and the next talks about tolerating meds well. The current sentence is about swelling in the right leg, which is a symptom. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing information to assist in understanding a situation. The sub-code Symptoms fits because the patient is describing their swelling, which is a symptom. The span here would be \"swelling of right leg persists\" and maybe \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly)\".\n\nWait, but \"Sig\" might be a typo or abbreviation. Maybe it's \"significant\" swelling? Either way, the key part is the swelling as a symptom. The part in parentheses mentions improvement, but the main symptom is the persisting swelling. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek, but the patient is reporting symptoms, not seeking info. So InfoGive is correct. The sub-code Symptoms is under InfoGive, so that's good. \n\nNo other codes seem relevant here. Partnership codes involve collaboration, but this is just a symptom report. SharedDecision or Socioemotional don't apply here. \n\nSo the spans would be \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly)\" and \"swelling of right leg persists\". But maybe the entire phrase is one symptom description. Wait, the sentence structure is a bit run-on. Let me parse it again. \n\nThe sentence says \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists.\" It might be two parts: the first part is the current status with some improvement, and the second part states that the swelling persists. Both parts are about symptoms. \n\nTherefore, the Code-Subcode pairs would be two instances of InfoGive-Symptoms. The spans would be \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly)\" and \"swelling of right leg persists\". \n\nAlternatively, maybe the entire phrase is one span, but the instructions say to extract minimal spans. So splitting them into two separate spans makes sense as they describe different aspects of the symptom. \n\nWait, but \"Sig\" could be an abbreviation for \"signature\" in prescriptions, but in this context, since it's about symptoms, maybe it's a typo for \"significant\". Either way, the key is that the patient is reporting a symptom. \n\nSo the final answer should have two entries under InfoGive-Symptoms with those spans.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly)\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"swelling of right leg persists\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 98a7ff14a38ac8dbd756e11d37eeac8fc655c05f6ea26bff8c553cdd01833ea0 | 4e16b5be8ccae14815d1c63ab38cb20949d4daa94ed885b39f61d86d076c2dda | fdc68f1a805198fb8142a5d06869410b9b634da62cbf1630c3eb4c496aa0b60b | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists.\" The patient is talking about their symptoms here. \n\nFirst, I need to check the previous and next sentences for context. The previous sentence mentions medication (Eliquis) dosing, and the next talks about tolerating meds well. The current sentence is about swelling in the right leg, which is a symptom. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing information to assist in understanding a situation. The sub-code Symptoms fits because the patient is describing their swelling, which is a symptom. The span here would be \"swelling of right leg persists\" and maybe \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly)\".\n\nWait, but \"Sig\" might be a typo or abbreviation. Maybe it's \"significant\" swelling? Either way, the key part is the swelling as a symptom. The part in parentheses mentions improvement, but the main symptom is the persisting swelling. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek, but the patient is reporting symptoms, not seeking info. So InfoGive is correct. The sub-code Symptoms is under InfoGive, so that's good. \n\nNo other codes seem relevant here. Partnership codes involve collaboration, but this is just a symptom report. SharedDecision or Socioemotional don't apply here. \n\nSo the spans would be \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly)\" and \"swelling of right leg persists\". But maybe the entire phrase is one symptom description. Wait, the sentence structure is a bit run-on. Let me parse it again. \n\nThe sentence says \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists.\" It might be two parts: the first part is the current status with some improvement, and the second part states that the swelling persists. Both parts are about symptoms. \n\nTherefore, the Code-Subcode pairs would be two instances of InfoGive-Symptoms. The spans would be \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly)\" and \"swelling of right leg persists\". \n\nAlternatively, maybe the entire phrase is one span, but the instructions say to extract minimal spans. So splitting them into two separate spans makes sense as they describe different aspects of the symptom. \n\nWait, but \"Sig\" could be an abbreviation for \"signature\" in prescriptions, but in this context, since it's about symptoms, maybe it's a typo for \"significant\". Either way, the key is that the patient is reporting a symptom. \n\nSo the final answer should have two entries under InfoGive-Symptoms with those spans.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"Sig swelling (but improving slightly)\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"swelling of right leg persists\"}]}"
] |
75 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists.\n Current sentence: Person3 is tolerating all meds well and following directions.\n Next sentence: Appetite, a bit of a struggle, as expected; digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started MM/DD/YYYY).\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person3 is tolerating all meds well and following directions\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "Person3 is tolerating all meds well and following directions"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: It is Org1 orthopedics in Location and the physical therapist is Person1.\n Next sentence: I put a referral in for but didn't see the option of the location so it might not work.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"It is Org1 orthopedics in Location and the physical therapist is Person1\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi, Do you usually get blood work before restarting?\n Current sentence: Thanks,\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thanks\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Sig swelling (but improving slightly) swelling of right leg persists.\n Current sentence: Person3 is tolerating all meds well and following directions.\n Next sentence: Appetite, a bit of a struggle, as expected; digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started MM/DD/YYYY).\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
"until": [
"JSON_END"
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Person3 is tolerating all meds well and following directions.\" The previous sentence mentions swelling improving, and the next talks about appetite and radiation effects.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the code. The sentence is about how Person3 is handling medications. Since it's providing information about medication adherence, that falls under InfoGive. The sub-code here would be \"Drugs\" because it's about medications. The span here is \"tolerating all meds well and following directions.\"\n\nWait, but let me check other codes. Could this be under PartnershipPatient? The sentence is stating that the patient is following directions, which might indicate active participation. The sub-code there could be \"activeParticipation/involvement.\" But the main focus here is on providing information about medication adherence, so InfoGive with Drugs seems more accurate.\n\nAlso, \"following directions\" could relate to Instruction sub-code under InfoGive, but the primary aspect is about the patient's tolerance and adherence to meds, so Drugs is better. The span should capture the key part about meds. The entire sentence is the current one, but the minimal span would be \"tolerating all meds well and following directions.\"\n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence talks about appetite and radiation, but that's separate. So the correct code-subcode pair is InfoGive-Drugs with the specified span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"tolerating all meds well and following directions\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Person3 is tolerating all meds well and following directions.\" The previous sentence mentions swelling improving, and the next talks about appetite and radiation effects.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the code. The sentence is about how Person3 is handling medications. Since it's providing information about medication adherence, that falls under InfoGive. The sub-code here would be \"Drugs\" because it's about medications. The span here is \"tolerating all meds well and following directions.\"\n\nWait, but let me check other codes. Could this be under PartnershipPatient? The sentence is stating that the patient is following directions, which might indicate active participation. The sub-code there could be \"activeParticipation/involvement.\" But the main focus here is on providing information about medication adherence, so InfoGive with Drugs seems more accurate.\n\nAlso, \"following directions\" could relate to Instruction sub-code under InfoGive, but the primary aspect is about the patient's tolerance and adherence to meds, so Drugs is better. The span should capture the key part about meds. The entire sentence is the current one, but the minimal span would be \"tolerating all meds well and following directions.\"\n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence talks about appetite and radiation, but that's separate. So the correct code-subcode pair is InfoGive-Drugs with the specified span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"tolerating all meds well and following directions\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 3bc2082f6ffddeb6455d2ca0816393b242ba4d008347088377172aff6fa140d0 | 60d46195cb9cbf7bc29daebf4a9d9d806cec0610621c0ea815cec3af3a832e85 | bd14f6ab3ca2bc06b95a3d5e773ed8ffcb2913a90f92f6095a7a1c021e24abb2 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Person3 is tolerating all meds well and following directions\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Person3 is tolerating all meds well and following directions.\" The previous sentence mentions swelling improving, and the next talks about appetite and radiation effects.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the code. The sentence is about how Person3 is handling medications. Since it's providing information about medication adherence, that falls under InfoGive. The sub-code here would be \"Drugs\" because it's about medications. The span here is \"tolerating all meds well and following directions.\"\n\nWait, but let me check other codes. Could this be under PartnershipPatient? The sentence is stating that the patient is following directions, which might indicate active participation. The sub-code there could be \"activeParticipation/involvement.\" But the main focus here is on providing information about medication adherence, so InfoGive with Drugs seems more accurate.\n\nAlso, \"following directions\" could relate to Instruction sub-code under InfoGive, but the primary aspect is about the patient's tolerance and adherence to meds, so Drugs is better. The span should capture the key part about meds. The entire sentence is the current one, but the minimal span would be \"tolerating all meds well and following directions.\"\n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence talks about appetite and radiation, but that's separate. So the correct code-subcode pair is InfoGive-Drugs with the specified span.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"tolerating all meds well and following directions\"}]}"
] |
76 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person3 is tolerating all meds well and following directions.\n Current sentence: Appetite, a bit of a struggle, as expected; digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started MM/DD/YYYY).\n Next sentence: Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle, as expected; digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started MM/DD/YYYY)\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Symptoms", "Span": "Appetite, a bit of a struggle, as expected; digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started MM/DD/YYYY)"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi, This is Person1, Person2 daughter.\n Next sentence: My husband was just diagnosed with skin cancer by his dermatologist.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hello Person1, When you last saw Dr. Person2 on MM/DD/YYYY she recommended a PET in 3 months and follow up after.\n Current sentence: Do you want me to get that scheduled for you?\n Next sentence: - Person3\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Do you want me to get that scheduled for you?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Person3 is tolerating all meds well and following directions.\n Current sentence: Appetite, a bit of a struggle, as expected; digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started MM/DD/YYYY).\n Next sentence: Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"JSON_END"
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the patient and says: \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle, as expected; digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started MM/DD/YYYY).\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions that Person3 is tolerating meds well and following directions. The next sentence is a recommendation from Dr. B about Metamucil. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, the patient is reporting on their appetite and digestion. The key parts here are \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle\" and \"digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started...\". \n\nStarting with the codes. The main codes related to patient-provided information are InfoSeek and InfoGive. Since the patient is giving information about their symptoms, InfoGive is likely. \n\nUnder InfoGive's subcodes, Symptoms is the obvious one here because they're describing their appetite issues and digestion. The part about possible diarrhea due to radiation might also relate to Prognosis, but looking at the subcode definitions, Prognosis under InfoGive is about explaining the prognosis, not predicting side effects. The mention of radiation starting could be part of the context but the main focus here is the symptoms themselves. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGiveSDOH, but the sentence doesn't mention social, economic, or environmental factors. It's purely about health symptoms, so that's out. \n\nThe PartnershipPatient code might come into play if there's an expression of opinion or active involvement, but the sentence is more about reporting symptoms rather than expressing preferences or opinions. \n\nThe part in parentheses mentions radiation starting, which is a treatment, but since the patient is providing information about their current condition, it still falls under Symptoms. \n\nSo the main Code here is InfoGive with the Sub-code Symptoms. The span for \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle\" and \"digestion normal\" both relate to symptoms. The parenthesis adds context but the core info is the symptoms reported. \n\nWait, the entire sentence is the current one. The span should be the minimal part. The first part about appetite and the second about digestion are both symptoms. So maybe two spans? Let me check the instructions again. \n\nThe instruction says to extract minimal spans for each pair. Since both parts are under the same Code and Sub-code, they can be separate entries. \n\nSo the first span is \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle\", the second is \"digestion normal\". The part about diarrhea is a note on possible future issues but the current sentence's main content is the current symptoms. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence might be considered, but the requirement is minimal spans. \n\nTherefore, the correct Code-Sub-code pairs are InfoGive-Symptoms for both parts. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence is a recommendation, but that's not part of the current sentence's analysis. \n\nSo the final answer should have two entries under InfoGive-Symptoms with the respective spans.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"digestion normal\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the patient and says: \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle, as expected; digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started MM/DD/YYYY).\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions that Person3 is tolerating meds well and following directions. The next sentence is a recommendation from Dr. B about Metamucil. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, the patient is reporting on their appetite and digestion. The key parts here are \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle\" and \"digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started...\". \n\nStarting with the codes. The main codes related to patient-provided information are InfoSeek and InfoGive. Since the patient is giving information about their symptoms, InfoGive is likely. \n\nUnder InfoGive's subcodes, Symptoms is the obvious one here because they're describing their appetite issues and digestion. The part about possible diarrhea due to radiation might also relate to Prognosis, but looking at the subcode definitions, Prognosis under InfoGive is about explaining the prognosis, not predicting side effects. The mention of radiation starting could be part of the context but the main focus here is the symptoms themselves. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGiveSDOH, but the sentence doesn't mention social, economic, or environmental factors. It's purely about health symptoms, so that's out. \n\nThe PartnershipPatient code might come into play if there's an expression of opinion or active involvement, but the sentence is more about reporting symptoms rather than expressing preferences or opinions. \n\nThe part in parentheses mentions radiation starting, which is a treatment, but since the patient is providing information about their current condition, it still falls under Symptoms. \n\nSo the main Code here is InfoGive with the Sub-code Symptoms. The span for \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle\" and \"digestion normal\" both relate to symptoms. The parenthesis adds context but the core info is the symptoms reported. \n\nWait, the entire sentence is the current one. The span should be the minimal part. The first part about appetite and the second about digestion are both symptoms. So maybe two spans? Let me check the instructions again. \n\nThe instruction says to extract minimal spans for each pair. Since both parts are under the same Code and Sub-code, they can be separate entries. \n\nSo the first span is \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle\", the second is \"digestion normal\". The part about diarrhea is a note on possible future issues but the current sentence's main content is the current symptoms. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence might be considered, but the requirement is minimal spans. \n\nTherefore, the correct Code-Sub-code pairs are InfoGive-Symptoms for both parts. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence is a recommendation, but that's not part of the current sentence's analysis. \n\nSo the final answer should have two entries under InfoGive-Symptoms with the respective spans.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"digestion normal\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 413965ab2b36ef66b52241c6e308228f16f3c84b0e19cb29bf7fc0ed166e0d42 | b77f822a345c8b90788ed58a557674ef41aa22a9ae08b142f7a41de69e187671 | 70fa51ad4663b943653139e6c7f86315acc602e38adbc0aedac7f7087f549d05 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle, as expected; digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started MM/DD/YYYY)\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the patient and says: \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle, as expected; digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started MM/DD/YYYY).\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions that Person3 is tolerating meds well and following directions. The next sentence is a recommendation from Dr. B about Metamucil. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, the patient is reporting on their appetite and digestion. The key parts here are \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle\" and \"digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started...\". \n\nStarting with the codes. The main codes related to patient-provided information are InfoSeek and InfoGive. Since the patient is giving information about their symptoms, InfoGive is likely. \n\nUnder InfoGive's subcodes, Symptoms is the obvious one here because they're describing their appetite issues and digestion. The part about possible diarrhea due to radiation might also relate to Prognosis, but looking at the subcode definitions, Prognosis under InfoGive is about explaining the prognosis, not predicting side effects. The mention of radiation starting could be part of the context but the main focus here is the symptoms themselves. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGiveSDOH, but the sentence doesn't mention social, economic, or environmental factors. It's purely about health symptoms, so that's out. \n\nThe PartnershipPatient code might come into play if there's an expression of opinion or active involvement, but the sentence is more about reporting symptoms rather than expressing preferences or opinions. \n\nThe part in parentheses mentions radiation starting, which is a treatment, but since the patient is providing information about their current condition, it still falls under Symptoms. \n\nSo the main Code here is InfoGive with the Sub-code Symptoms. The span for \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle\" and \"digestion normal\" both relate to symptoms. The parenthesis adds context but the core info is the symptoms reported. \n\nWait, the entire sentence is the current one. The span should be the minimal part. The first part about appetite and the second about digestion are both symptoms. So maybe two spans? Let me check the instructions again. \n\nThe instruction says to extract minimal spans for each pair. Since both parts are under the same Code and Sub-code, they can be separate entries. \n\nSo the first span is \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle\", the second is \"digestion normal\". The part about diarrhea is a note on possible future issues but the current sentence's main content is the current symptoms. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence might be considered, but the requirement is minimal spans. \n\nTherefore, the correct Code-Sub-code pairs are InfoGive-Symptoms for both parts. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The next sentence is a recommendation, but that's not part of the current sentence's analysis. \n\nSo the final answer should have two entries under InfoGive-Symptoms with the respective spans.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"Appetite, a bit of a struggle\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"digestion normal\"}]}"
] |
77 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Appetite, a bit of a struggle, as expected; digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started MM/DD/YYYY).\n Current sentence: Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\n Next sentence: Other symptoms: quite tired, napping, MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Dr. B recommends Metamucil\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "Dr. B recommends Metamucil"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Take care, RDL ----- Message ----- From: Sent: To: Subject: RE: Visit Follow-Up Question Hi Dr Person2, At our last appointment we discussed getting the cancer antigen test at my next blood work.\n Current sentence: I thought we were doing the CA 27 Dash 29 that I have always had done but no results have come in for that.\n Next sentence: A test result for CEA came in but I don't know what that is.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"I thought we were doing the CA 27 Dash 29 that I have always had done but no results have come in for that\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: My left hip and tail bone are hurting.\n Current sentence: I did not skydive or do anything else that was very risky, just slipped down the stairs.\n Next sentence: Do you think I need X-rays?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"I did not skydive or do anything else that was very risky, just slipped down the stairs\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Appetite, a bit of a struggle, as expected; digestion normal (that may become diarrhea as radiation has started MM/DD/YYYY).\n Current sentence: Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\n Next sentence: Other symptoms: quite tired, napping, MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\" First, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions appetite struggles and digestion, with radiation starting. The next sentence talks about tiredness and anxiety attacks. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, it's about a doctor's recommendation for Metamucil, which is a medication. The key here is that the doctor is giving specific instructions on how to take it. \n\nNow, checking the codes. InfoGive is about providing guidance. The sub-code here would be \"Instruction\" because it's giving directions on medication dosage. The span here is \"Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\" \n\nWait, but let me check other possible codes. InfoGive's sub-code \"Drugs\" could also be relevant since it's about a medication. However, the main action here is the recommendation on how to take it, so \"Instruction\" fits better under the Instruction sub-code. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The sentence isn't seeking information, so InfoSeek isn't right. Partnership codes don't apply because it's a straightforward recommendation. SharedDecision or Socioemotional elements aren't present here. \n\nSo the correct code is InfoGive with the Instruction sub-code. The span is the entire sentence because it's the recommendation itself.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\" First, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions appetite struggles and digestion, with radiation starting. The next sentence talks about tiredness and anxiety attacks. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, it's about a doctor's recommendation for Metamucil, which is a medication. The key here is that the doctor is giving specific instructions on how to take it. \n\nNow, checking the codes. InfoGive is about providing guidance. The sub-code here would be \"Instruction\" because it's giving directions on medication dosage. The span here is \"Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\" \n\nWait, but let me check other possible codes. InfoGive's sub-code \"Drugs\" could also be relevant since it's about a medication. However, the main action here is the recommendation on how to take it, so \"Instruction\" fits better under the Instruction sub-code. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The sentence isn't seeking information, so InfoSeek isn't right. Partnership codes don't apply because it's a straightforward recommendation. SharedDecision or Socioemotional elements aren't present here. \n\nSo the correct code is InfoGive with the Instruction sub-code. The span is the entire sentence because it's the recommendation itself.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 4bf6cf6f333566cdb6bb36c42688ca251e1eb8b78c83649297f77320acd70805 | e890708b628190d42b2ebd4cfc27600c6062a6e420137aad03e84ce4dddecc23 | 9ecb62ec9433e1e04e2b9110788fcc8bfec875be8a87535efdb382a9abadfcd9 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Dr. B recommends Metamucil\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\" First, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions appetite struggles and digestion, with radiation starting. The next sentence talks about tiredness and anxiety attacks. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, it's about a doctor's recommendation for Metamucil, which is a medication. The key here is that the doctor is giving specific instructions on how to take it. \n\nNow, checking the codes. InfoGive is about providing guidance. The sub-code here would be \"Instruction\" because it's giving directions on medication dosage. The span here is \"Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\" \n\nWait, but let me check other possible codes. InfoGive's sub-code \"Drugs\" could also be relevant since it's about a medication. However, the main action here is the recommendation on how to take it, so \"Instruction\" fits better under the Instruction sub-code. \n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. The sentence isn't seeking information, so InfoSeek isn't right. Partnership codes don't apply because it's a straightforward recommendation. SharedDecision or Socioemotional elements aren't present here. \n\nSo the correct code is InfoGive with the Instruction sub-code. The span is the entire sentence because it's the recommendation itself.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\"}]}"
] |
78 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\n Current sentence: Other symptoms: quite tired, napping, MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks.\n Next sentence: Thanks a ton, Person1, best – Person4\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"Other symptoms: quite tired, napping, MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Symptoms", "Span": "Other symptoms: quite tired, napping, MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person1 OK to take the steroids with Ibrance but I dont see any recent cbc to make sure the numbers are good to start Ibrance.\n Next sentence: Also we can hold off on starting the Ibrance a few days but if you can get a CBC that would be a good place to start G\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Approval/Reinforcement\", \"Span\": \"OK to take the steroids with Ibrance\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"I dont see any recent cbc\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"to make sure the numbers are good to start Ibrance\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person1, My name is Person2 and I am the RN that works with Dr. Person3.\n Next sentence: Is there a particular question I may be able to help you with?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"My name is Person2 and I am the RN that works with Dr. Person3\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Dr. B recommends Metamucil 1 tsp 2x diem.\n Current sentence: Other symptoms: quite tired, napping, MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks.\n Next sentence: Thanks a ton, Person1, best – Person4\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the patient: \"Other symptoms: quite tired, napping, MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks.\" The previous sentence mentions a recommendation for Metamucil, and the next sentence is a thank you.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the codes and subcodes. The patient is listing symptoms here. The main code here would be InfoSeek or InfoGive? Since the patient is providing information about their symptoms, it's InfoGive. The subcode under InfoGive for symptoms is \"Symptoms\". The span here would be \"quite tired, napping, MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks\". Wait, but the date might not be a symptom. Hmm, maybe the key part is \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\". The date is part of the context but not a symptom itself. So the symptoms are tiredness, napping, and anxiety attacks. \n\nLooking at the subcode definitions, Symptoms is for subjective experiences indicating a health condition. So \"quite tired\", \"napping\", and \"anxiety attacks\" all fit under Symptoms. The entire phrase after \"Other symptoms:\" is the span, but maybe the exact symptoms listed. The exact span would be \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\".\n\nAdditionally, the mention of anxiety attacks could also relate to Socioemotional/Empathy, specifically ExpressConcern/unease or Sadness/fear. But the code for that would be under Socioemotional/Empathy. Let me check the definitions. ExpressConcern/unease is about the patient's own anxiety or worries. Since the patient mentions anxiety attacks, that's an expression of their own concern or fear. So that would be another code: Socioemotional/Empathy with subcode Sadness/fear or ExpressConcern/unease. The span here would be \"interrupted by anxiety attacks\".\n\nWait, the subcode for anxiety attacks as a symptom would be under Symptoms, but as an emotional expression, it's under Socioemotional. So both codes might apply here. The symptoms part is InfoGive/Symptoms, and the anxiety as an emotional concern is Socioemotional/Sadness/fear or ExpressConcern.\n\nLooking at the subcodes for Socioemotional/Empathy: ExpressConcern/unease is about the patient's own anxiety or worries. Since the patient is reporting anxiety attacks, that's an expression of their own concern or fear. So the subcode would be ExpressConcern/unease. The span here is \"interrupted by anxiety attacks\".\n\nSo the two code-subcode pairs would be:\n\n1. InfoGive - Symptoms: \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\"\n2. Socioemotional/Empathy - ExpressConcern/unease: \"interrupted by anxiety attacks\"\n\nWait, but the date (MM/DD/YYYY) is part of the span. Maybe the exact symptoms are \"quite tired, napping\" and the anxiety attacks. The date might be a timestamp but not a symptom. So perhaps the span for Symptoms is \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\" excluding the date? Or maybe the date is part of when the anxiety occurred. The exact wording is \"MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks\". So the date is part of the context of when the symptoms happened. The symptoms themselves are tiredness, napping, and anxiety attacks. So the span for Symptoms would include all three symptoms mentioned. \n\nTherefore, the first pair is InfoGive/Symptoms with the span \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\".\n\nThe second pair is Socioemotional/Empathy/ExpressConcern/unease with the span \"interrupted by anxiety attacks\".\n\nAdditionally, the next sentence is a thank you, which might be Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient, but that's in the next sentence, so we can't include that here. The current sentence is only the symptoms part.\n\nSo the final answer should have two entries.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\"}, {\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"ExpressConcern/unease\", \"Span\": \"interrupted by anxiety attacks\"}]}"
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the patient: \"Other symptoms: quite tired, napping, MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks.\" The previous sentence mentions a recommendation for Metamucil, and the next sentence is a thank you.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the codes and subcodes. The patient is listing symptoms here. The main code here would be InfoSeek or InfoGive? Since the patient is providing information about their symptoms, it's InfoGive. The subcode under InfoGive for symptoms is \"Symptoms\". The span here would be \"quite tired, napping, MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks\". Wait, but the date might not be a symptom. Hmm, maybe the key part is \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\". The date is part of the context but not a symptom itself. So the symptoms are tiredness, napping, and anxiety attacks. \n\nLooking at the subcode definitions, Symptoms is for subjective experiences indicating a health condition. So \"quite tired\", \"napping\", and \"anxiety attacks\" all fit under Symptoms. The entire phrase after \"Other symptoms:\" is the span, but maybe the exact symptoms listed. The exact span would be \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\".\n\nAdditionally, the mention of anxiety attacks could also relate to Socioemotional/Empathy, specifically ExpressConcern/unease or Sadness/fear. But the code for that would be under Socioemotional/Empathy. Let me check the definitions. ExpressConcern/unease is about the patient's own anxiety or worries. Since the patient mentions anxiety attacks, that's an expression of their own concern or fear. So that would be another code: Socioemotional/Empathy with subcode Sadness/fear or ExpressConcern/unease. The span here would be \"interrupted by anxiety attacks\".\n\nWait, the subcode for anxiety attacks as a symptom would be under Symptoms, but as an emotional expression, it's under Socioemotional. So both codes might apply here. The symptoms part is InfoGive/Symptoms, and the anxiety as an emotional concern is Socioemotional/Sadness/fear or ExpressConcern.\n\nLooking at the subcodes for Socioemotional/Empathy: ExpressConcern/unease is about the patient's own anxiety or worries. Since the patient is reporting anxiety attacks, that's an expression of their own concern or fear. So the subcode would be ExpressConcern/unease. The span here is \"interrupted by anxiety attacks\".\n\nSo the two code-subcode pairs would be:\n\n1. InfoGive - Symptoms: \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\"\n2. Socioemotional/Empathy - ExpressConcern/unease: \"interrupted by anxiety attacks\"\n\nWait, but the date (MM/DD/YYYY) is part of the span. Maybe the exact symptoms are \"quite tired, napping\" and the anxiety attacks. The date might be a timestamp but not a symptom. So perhaps the span for Symptoms is \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\" excluding the date? Or maybe the date is part of when the anxiety occurred. The exact wording is \"MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks\". So the date is part of the context of when the symptoms happened. The symptoms themselves are tiredness, napping, and anxiety attacks. So the span for Symptoms would include all three symptoms mentioned. \n\nTherefore, the first pair is InfoGive/Symptoms with the span \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\".\n\nThe second pair is Socioemotional/Empathy/ExpressConcern/unease with the span \"interrupted by anxiety attacks\".\n\nAdditionally, the next sentence is a thank you, which might be Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient, but that's in the next sentence, so we can't include that here. The current sentence is only the symptoms part.\n\nSo the final answer should have two entries.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\"}, {\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"ExpressConcern/unease\", \"Span\": \"interrupted by anxiety attacks\"}]}"
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"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"Other symptoms: quite tired, napping, MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from the patient: \"Other symptoms: quite tired, napping, MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks.\" The previous sentence mentions a recommendation for Metamucil, and the next sentence is a thank you.\n\nFirst, I need to identify the codes and subcodes. The patient is listing symptoms here. The main code here would be InfoSeek or InfoGive? Since the patient is providing information about their symptoms, it's InfoGive. The subcode under InfoGive for symptoms is \"Symptoms\". The span here would be \"quite tired, napping, MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks\". Wait, but the date might not be a symptom. Hmm, maybe the key part is \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\". The date is part of the context but not a symptom itself. So the symptoms are tiredness, napping, and anxiety attacks. \n\nLooking at the subcode definitions, Symptoms is for subjective experiences indicating a health condition. So \"quite tired\", \"napping\", and \"anxiety attacks\" all fit under Symptoms. The entire phrase after \"Other symptoms:\" is the span, but maybe the exact symptoms listed. The exact span would be \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\".\n\nAdditionally, the mention of anxiety attacks could also relate to Socioemotional/Empathy, specifically ExpressConcern/unease or Sadness/fear. But the code for that would be under Socioemotional/Empathy. Let me check the definitions. ExpressConcern/unease is about the patient's own anxiety or worries. Since the patient mentions anxiety attacks, that's an expression of their own concern or fear. So that would be another code: Socioemotional/Empathy with subcode Sadness/fear or ExpressConcern/unease. The span here would be \"interrupted by anxiety attacks\".\n\nWait, the subcode for anxiety attacks as a symptom would be under Symptoms, but as an emotional expression, it's under Socioemotional. So both codes might apply here. The symptoms part is InfoGive/Symptoms, and the anxiety as an emotional concern is Socioemotional/Sadness/fear or ExpressConcern.\n\nLooking at the subcodes for Socioemotional/Empathy: ExpressConcern/unease is about the patient's own anxiety or worries. Since the patient is reporting anxiety attacks, that's an expression of their own concern or fear. So the subcode would be ExpressConcern/unease. The span here is \"interrupted by anxiety attacks\".\n\nSo the two code-subcode pairs would be:\n\n1. InfoGive - Symptoms: \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\"\n2. Socioemotional/Empathy - ExpressConcern/unease: \"interrupted by anxiety attacks\"\n\nWait, but the date (MM/DD/YYYY) is part of the span. Maybe the exact symptoms are \"quite tired, napping\" and the anxiety attacks. The date might be a timestamp but not a symptom. So perhaps the span for Symptoms is \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\" excluding the date? Or maybe the date is part of when the anxiety occurred. The exact wording is \"MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks\". So the date is part of the context of when the symptoms happened. The symptoms themselves are tiredness, napping, and anxiety attacks. So the span for Symptoms would include all three symptoms mentioned. \n\nTherefore, the first pair is InfoGive/Symptoms with the span \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\".\n\nThe second pair is Socioemotional/Empathy/ExpressConcern/unease with the span \"interrupted by anxiety attacks\".\n\nAdditionally, the next sentence is a thank you, which might be Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient, but that's in the next sentence, so we can't include that here. The current sentence is only the symptoms part.\n\nSo the final answer should have two entries.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"quite tired, napping, interrupted by anxiety attacks\"}, {\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"ExpressConcern/unease\", \"Span\": \"interrupted by anxiety attacks\"}]}"
] |
79 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Other symptoms: quite tired, napping, MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks.\n Current sentence: Thanks a ton, Person1, best – Person4\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thanks a ton\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"best\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "Appreciation/Gratitude", "Span": "Thanks a ton"}, {"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "signoff", "Span": "best"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi team.\n Current sentence: Checking to see if this is going to be a video call or this is going to be in person.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Checking to see if this is going to be a video call or this is going to be in person\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Good Morning The Zometa will be around every 6 months.\n Next sentence: Next one is scheduled for MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Good Morning\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"The Zometa will be around every 6 months\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Other symptoms: quite tired, napping, MM/DD/YYYY recently interrupted by anxiety attacks.\n Current sentence: Thanks a ton, Person1, best – Person4\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
"until": [
"JSON_END"
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Thanks a ton, Person1, best – Person4\". The previous sentence mentions symptoms like tiredness, napping, and anxiety attacks, and the next sentence is none, so this is the closing sentence.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is thanking someone (Person1) and signing off. The task is to identify the codes and subcodes here. \n\nLooking at the codes, PartnershipPatient seems relevant because it's about the patient's role in the partnership. The subcodes under PartnershipPatient include Appreciation/Gratitude, which fits here since the patient is thanking the provider. The span here would be \"Thanks a ton\" and \"best – Person4\" but since we need minimal spans, maybe just \"Thanks a ton\" and \"best – Person4\" as separate entries? Wait, but the entire sentence is the closing, so maybe \"Thanks a ton, Person1, best – Person4\" is the full span, but the instructions say to extract minimal spans. Alternatively, \"Thanks a ton\" is the main expression of gratitude, and \"best – Person4\" is a sign-off. \n\nLooking at the subcodes for PartnershipPatient, there's Appreciation/Gratitude and signoff. So \"Thanks a ton\" would be Appreciation/Gratitude, and \"best – Person4\" is the signoff. But the entire sentence is one, so maybe split into two spans? The instructions say to extract minimal specific spans. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence could be considered as a signoff with gratitude. But according to the definitions, Appreciation/Gratitude is part of PartnershipPatient, and signoff is also a subcode. So two separate entries. \n\nAlso, check if there's any other code. The sentence doesn't provide info or seek anything, so Info codes are out. Socioemotional/Empathy might have PositiveRemarks, but the primary code here is PartnershipPatient. \n\nSo the first part \"Thanks a ton\" is Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient. The closing part \"best – Person4\" is the signoff subcode. \n\nTherefore, the results should have two entries: one for Appreciation/Gratitude and one for signoff under PartnershipPatient.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thanks a ton\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"best – Person4\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Thanks a ton, Person1, best – Person4\". The previous sentence mentions symptoms like tiredness, napping, and anxiety attacks, and the next sentence is none, so this is the closing sentence.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is thanking someone (Person1) and signing off. The task is to identify the codes and subcodes here. \n\nLooking at the codes, PartnershipPatient seems relevant because it's about the patient's role in the partnership. The subcodes under PartnershipPatient include Appreciation/Gratitude, which fits here since the patient is thanking the provider. The span here would be \"Thanks a ton\" and \"best – Person4\" but since we need minimal spans, maybe just \"Thanks a ton\" and \"best – Person4\" as separate entries? Wait, but the entire sentence is the closing, so maybe \"Thanks a ton, Person1, best – Person4\" is the full span, but the instructions say to extract minimal spans. Alternatively, \"Thanks a ton\" is the main expression of gratitude, and \"best – Person4\" is a sign-off. \n\nLooking at the subcodes for PartnershipPatient, there's Appreciation/Gratitude and signoff. So \"Thanks a ton\" would be Appreciation/Gratitude, and \"best – Person4\" is the signoff. But the entire sentence is one, so maybe split into two spans? The instructions say to extract minimal specific spans. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence could be considered as a signoff with gratitude. But according to the definitions, Appreciation/Gratitude is part of PartnershipPatient, and signoff is also a subcode. So two separate entries. \n\nAlso, check if there's any other code. The sentence doesn't provide info or seek anything, so Info codes are out. Socioemotional/Empathy might have PositiveRemarks, but the primary code here is PartnershipPatient. \n\nSo the first part \"Thanks a ton\" is Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient. The closing part \"best – Person4\" is the signoff subcode. \n\nTherefore, the results should have two entries: one for Appreciation/Gratitude and one for signoff under PartnershipPatient.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thanks a ton\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"best – Person4\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | b621f73375e7d4fff620737f216b5b522484e29088d2061b07d0f4357df1626c | 7c2c70a904a46a053c649a9c1a9a71cad01d73e06553f75436c925f464816387 | b64b07b54be0b936d41d44d0effddbf7774c4fc21e468070fd9b98f76bdba957 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thanks a ton\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"best\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Thanks a ton, Person1, best – Person4\". The previous sentence mentions symptoms like tiredness, napping, and anxiety attacks, and the next sentence is none, so this is the closing sentence.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is thanking someone (Person1) and signing off. The task is to identify the codes and subcodes here. \n\nLooking at the codes, PartnershipPatient seems relevant because it's about the patient's role in the partnership. The subcodes under PartnershipPatient include Appreciation/Gratitude, which fits here since the patient is thanking the provider. The span here would be \"Thanks a ton\" and \"best – Person4\" but since we need minimal spans, maybe just \"Thanks a ton\" and \"best – Person4\" as separate entries? Wait, but the entire sentence is the closing, so maybe \"Thanks a ton, Person1, best – Person4\" is the full span, but the instructions say to extract minimal spans. Alternatively, \"Thanks a ton\" is the main expression of gratitude, and \"best – Person4\" is a sign-off. \n\nLooking at the subcodes for PartnershipPatient, there's Appreciation/Gratitude and signoff. So \"Thanks a ton\" would be Appreciation/Gratitude, and \"best – Person4\" is the signoff. But the entire sentence is one, so maybe split into two spans? The instructions say to extract minimal specific spans. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence could be considered as a signoff with gratitude. But according to the definitions, Appreciation/Gratitude is part of PartnershipPatient, and signoff is also a subcode. So two separate entries. \n\nAlso, check if there's any other code. The sentence doesn't provide info or seek anything, so Info codes are out. Socioemotional/Empathy might have PositiveRemarks, but the primary code here is PartnershipPatient. \n\nSo the first part \"Thanks a ton\" is Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipPatient. The closing part \"best – Person4\" is the signoff subcode. \n\nTherefore, the results should have two entries: one for Appreciation/Gratitude and one for signoff under PartnershipPatient.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thanks a ton\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"best – Person4\"}]}"
] |
80 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Thank you for the clarification, I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1, I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY Person2\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"I sent the new Rx\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "Appreciation/Gratitude", "Span": "Thank you"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "I sent the new Rx"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Generalinformation", "Span": "I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Good pick up! We'll change it.\n Next sentence: Thank you!\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"PositiveRemarks\", \"Span\": \"Good pick up!\"}, {\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"MakeDecision\", \"Span\": \"We'll change it\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: No I am not taking any calcium or vitamins.\n Current sentence: Should I be?\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"SeekingApproval\", \"Span\": \"Should I be?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Thank you for the clarification, I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1, I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY Person2\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is a provider's message: \"Thank you for the clarification, I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1, I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY Person2\". The task is to identify the relevant codes and subcodes based on the provided definitions.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous and next sentences are both None, so this is the only sentence in the message. The provider is thanking someone for clarification, mentions sending a new prescription to Dr. Person1, and discusses the timeline for approval.\n\nStarting with the first part: \"Thank you for the clarification\". This seems like an expression of gratitude. Looking at the codes, the PartnershipProvider code has a subcode called Appreciation/Gratitude. That fits here because the provider is showing thanks. The span here is \"Thank you for the clarification\".\n\nNext, \"I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1\". The term \"Rx\" refers to a prescription. This part is about providing information related to medication. The InfoGive code's subcode Drugs would apply here since it's about medications. The span is \"I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1\".\n\nThen, \"I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY Person2\". This part discusses the timeline and possible delays. The mention of dates and the uncertainty suggests information about scheduling or care coordination. The InfoGive subcode SchedulingAppt might fit here because it's about when something will happen. Alternatively, the Prognosis subcode under InfoGive could be considered, but Prognosis is more about the expected outcome of a disease. Since this is about the timing of a procedure, SchedulingAppt seems better. The span here is \"I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY Person2\".\n\nWait, but looking at the subcodes again. The InfoGive subcodes include SchedulingAppt, which is about dates and times for appointments. The dates mentioned here are related to when the prescription might be signed, which is part of the process, so SchedulingAppt is appropriate. \n\nAdditionally, the part about sending the Rx could also relate to care coordination. The InfoGive subcode carecoordination is about organizing healthcare services. Sending the prescription to another provider for approval is part of coordinating care. So maybe \"I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1\" also falls under carecoordination. \n\nSo now I have three possible parts:\n\n1. \"Thank you...\" → PartnershipProvider Appreciation/Gratitude\n2. \"I sent the new Rx...\" → InfoGive Drugs and/or carecoordination\n3. The timeline part → InfoGive SchedulingAppt\n\nLet me check the definitions again. \n\nFor the Rx part: \"Drugs\" subcode under InfoGive is about substances used for medical conditions. The action of sending the Rx is more about the process, so maybe carecoordination is better here. The definition of carecoordination is about organizing services to meet patient needs. Sending the prescription to another doctor for approval is part of coordinating care. So that's a better fit than Drugs. \n\nSo the second part's code would be InfoGive with subcode carecoordination, span \"I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1\".\n\nThe timeline part: The dates are about when the approval might happen. SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for appointments. Even though this isn't an appointment, the dates relate to a procedural step, so maybe it's still applicable. Alternatively, the Prognosis subcode under InfoGive is about the process of identifying a disease, but that doesn't fit. The SchedulingAppt subcode's definition includes dates related to seeing a provider, but here it's about a signature date. Maybe it's better under Generalinformation? Wait, Generalinformation is for non-patient care info like administrative stuff. The dates here are part of the care process, so SchedulingAppt might still be okay. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of dates could be part of providing instructions or information about the next steps, so maybe the Instruction subcode under InfoGive. The Instruction subcode is about providing guidance to ensure proper execution. The provider is informing the patient about the timeline, so that's giving instructions on what to expect. \n\nHmm, that's a better fit. The Instruction subcode's definition is providing guidance to ensure proper understanding and execution. The timeline information is giving the patient an idea of when to expect the prescription to be signed, so that's an instruction. \n\nSo the third part's code would be InfoGive with subcode Instruction, span \"I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY Person2\".\n\nWait, but the dates are part of the message, so maybe the entire span is about the timeline. \n\nAlternatively, the \"I hope he"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is a provider's message: \"Thank you for the clarification, I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1, I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY Person2\". The task is to identify the relevant codes and subcodes based on the provided definitions.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous and next sentences are both None, so this is the only sentence in the message. The provider is thanking someone for clarification, mentions sending a new prescription to Dr. Person1, and discusses the timeline for approval.\n\nStarting with the first part: \"Thank you for the clarification\". This seems like an expression of gratitude. Looking at the codes, the PartnershipProvider code has a subcode called Appreciation/Gratitude. That fits here because the provider is showing thanks. The span here is \"Thank you for the clarification\".\n\nNext, \"I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1\". The term \"Rx\" refers to a prescription. This part is about providing information related to medication. The InfoGive code's subcode Drugs would apply here since it's about medications. The span is \"I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1\".\n\nThen, \"I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY Person2\". This part discusses the timeline and possible delays. The mention of dates and the uncertainty suggests information about scheduling or care coordination. The InfoGive subcode SchedulingAppt might fit here because it's about when something will happen. Alternatively, the Prognosis subcode under InfoGive could be considered, but Prognosis is more about the expected outcome of a disease. Since this is about the timing of a procedure, SchedulingAppt seems better. The span here is \"I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY Person2\".\n\nWait, but looking at the subcodes again. The InfoGive subcodes include SchedulingAppt, which is about dates and times for appointments. The dates mentioned here are related to when the prescription might be signed, which is part of the process, so SchedulingAppt is appropriate. \n\nAdditionally, the part about sending the Rx could also relate to care coordination. The InfoGive subcode carecoordination is about organizing healthcare services. Sending the prescription to another provider for approval is part of coordinating care. So maybe \"I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1\" also falls under carecoordination. \n\nSo now I have three possible parts:\n\n1. \"Thank you...\" → PartnershipProvider Appreciation/Gratitude\n2. \"I sent the new Rx...\" → InfoGive Drugs and/or carecoordination\n3. The timeline part → InfoGive SchedulingAppt\n\nLet me check the definitions again. \n\nFor the Rx part: \"Drugs\" subcode under InfoGive is about substances used for medical conditions. The action of sending the Rx is more about the process, so maybe carecoordination is better here. The definition of carecoordination is about organizing services to meet patient needs. Sending the prescription to another doctor for approval is part of coordinating care. So that's a better fit than Drugs. \n\nSo the second part's code would be InfoGive with subcode carecoordination, span \"I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1\".\n\nThe timeline part: The dates are about when the approval might happen. SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for appointments. Even though this isn't an appointment, the dates relate to a procedural step, so maybe it's still applicable. Alternatively, the Prognosis subcode under InfoGive is about the process of identifying a disease, but that doesn't fit. The SchedulingAppt subcode's definition includes dates related to seeing a provider, but here it's about a signature date. Maybe it's better under Generalinformation? Wait, Generalinformation is for non-patient care info like administrative stuff. The dates here are part of the care process, so SchedulingAppt might still be okay. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of dates could be part of providing instructions or information about the next steps, so maybe the Instruction subcode under InfoGive. The Instruction subcode is about providing guidance to ensure proper execution. The provider is informing the patient about the timeline, so that's giving instructions on what to expect. \n\nHmm, that's a better fit. The Instruction subcode's definition is providing guidance to ensure proper understanding and execution. The timeline information is giving the patient an idea of when to expect the prescription to be signed, so that's an instruction. \n\nSo the third part's code would be InfoGive with subcode Instruction, span \"I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY Person2\".\n\nWait, but the dates are part of the message, so maybe the entire span is about the timeline. \n\nAlternatively, the \"I hope he"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 6512dcc6079c4f9b2a9de70d23ce7347798942a48a45577613a0d64d5db64f71 | f351263aff2be21a11df2596de83ccbdb613accce968fc512cd5860b73d86a21 | c1415f9a84e2f812eb91d13ff54935bc198e7ab8df2db4c34f038d3d86f73d3e | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"I sent the new Rx\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is a provider's message: \"Thank you for the clarification, I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1, I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY Person2\". The task is to identify the relevant codes and subcodes based on the provided definitions.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous and next sentences are both None, so this is the only sentence in the message. The provider is thanking someone for clarification, mentions sending a new prescription to Dr. Person1, and discusses the timeline for approval.\n\nStarting with the first part: \"Thank you for the clarification\". This seems like an expression of gratitude. Looking at the codes, the PartnershipProvider code has a subcode called Appreciation/Gratitude. That fits here because the provider is showing thanks. The span here is \"Thank you for the clarification\".\n\nNext, \"I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1\". The term \"Rx\" refers to a prescription. This part is about providing information related to medication. The InfoGive code's subcode Drugs would apply here since it's about medications. The span is \"I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1\".\n\nThen, \"I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY Person2\". This part discusses the timeline and possible delays. The mention of dates and the uncertainty suggests information about scheduling or care coordination. The InfoGive subcode SchedulingAppt might fit here because it's about when something will happen. Alternatively, the Prognosis subcode under InfoGive could be considered, but Prognosis is more about the expected outcome of a disease. Since this is about the timing of a procedure, SchedulingAppt seems better. The span here is \"I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY Person2\".\n\nWait, but looking at the subcodes again. The InfoGive subcodes include SchedulingAppt, which is about dates and times for appointments. The dates mentioned here are related to when the prescription might be signed, which is part of the process, so SchedulingAppt is appropriate. \n\nAdditionally, the part about sending the Rx could also relate to care coordination. The InfoGive subcode carecoordination is about organizing healthcare services. Sending the prescription to another provider for approval is part of coordinating care. So maybe \"I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1\" also falls under carecoordination. \n\nSo now I have three possible parts:\n\n1. \"Thank you...\" → PartnershipProvider Appreciation/Gratitude\n2. \"I sent the new Rx...\" → InfoGive Drugs and/or carecoordination\n3. The timeline part → InfoGive SchedulingAppt\n\nLet me check the definitions again. \n\nFor the Rx part: \"Drugs\" subcode under InfoGive is about substances used for medical conditions. The action of sending the Rx is more about the process, so maybe carecoordination is better here. The definition of carecoordination is about organizing services to meet patient needs. Sending the prescription to another doctor for approval is part of coordinating care. So that's a better fit than Drugs. \n\nSo the second part's code would be InfoGive with subcode carecoordination, span \"I sent the new Rx off to Dr. Person1\".\n\nThe timeline part: The dates are about when the approval might happen. SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for appointments. Even though this isn't an appointment, the dates relate to a procedural step, so maybe it's still applicable. Alternatively, the Prognosis subcode under InfoGive is about the process of identifying a disease, but that doesn't fit. The SchedulingAppt subcode's definition includes dates related to seeing a provider, but here it's about a signature date. Maybe it's better under Generalinformation? Wait, Generalinformation is for non-patient care info like administrative stuff. The dates here are part of the care process, so SchedulingAppt might still be okay. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of dates could be part of providing instructions or information about the next steps, so maybe the Instruction subcode under InfoGive. The Instruction subcode is about providing guidance to ensure proper execution. The provider is informing the patient about the timeline, so that's giving instructions on what to expect. \n\nHmm, that's a better fit. The Instruction subcode's definition is providing guidance to ensure proper understanding and execution. The timeline information is giving the patient an idea of when to expect the prescription to be signed, so that's an instruction. \n\nSo the third part's code would be InfoGive with subcode Instruction, span \"I hope he signs it MM/DD/YYYY but it may not be until MM/DD/YYYY Person2\".\n\nWait, but the dates are part of the message, so maybe the entire span is about the timeline. \n\nAlternatively, the \"I hope he"
] |
81 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Greetings, Person1 rec'd a notice MM/DD/YYYY (MM/DD/YYYY, letter dated MM/DD/YYYY) of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Hematology and Oncology Indications).\n Next sentence: The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"rec'd a notice MM/DD/YYYY\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"disapproval for the testing\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "salutation", "Span": "Greetings"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Generalinformation", "Span": "rec'd a notice MM/DD/YYYY"}, {"Code": "InfoGiveSDOH", "Sub-code": "HealthCareAccessAndQuality", "Span": "disapproval for the testing"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Please let me know if the two meds will be ok and safe for me to get the vaccine.\n Current sentence: Thanks so much.\n Next sentence: Person3\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thanks so much\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Its all day and have not felt this before.\n Current sentence: Its been about a week now.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"Its been about a week now\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Greetings, Person1 rec'd a notice MM/DD/YYYY (MM/DD/YYYY, letter dated MM/DD/YYYY) of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Hematology and Oncology Indications).\n Next sentence: The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Greetings, Person1 rec'd a notice MM/DD/YYYY (MM/DD/YYYY, letter dated MM/DD/YYYY) of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Hematology and Oncology Indications).\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions that the reasons for disapproval don't make sense, which might indicate some frustration or confusion.\n\nLooking at the current sentence, it starts with \"Greetings,\" which is a clear salutation. Since it's the opening sentence, the salutation sub-code under PartnershipPatient or PartnershipProvider might apply. The sentence is from the patient, so likely PartnershipPatient. The salutation sub-code is appropriate here because it's the start of the message and a greeting.\n\nNext, the rest of the sentence talks about receiving a notice of disapproval for a specific medical test ordered by a doctor. The mention of the test code (81479) and the context of disapproval relates to diagnostics. The InfoGive code's sub-code Diagnostics fits here because it's providing information about a diagnostic test's status. The span here would be \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing...)\" but the minimal span should be the core part. Maybe \"notice of disapproval for the testing\" captures the key info about diagnostics being denied.\n\nWait, but the exact span needs to be specific. The key part is \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing...)\" but the minimal span could be \"notice of disapproval for the testing\" or even \"disapproval for the testing\". However, the code InfoGive's subcode Diagnostics is about the process of identifying a disease through tests. The disapproval relates to the test being ordered, so the action here is providing info about the test's disapproval, which is part of the diagnostic process. \n\nAdditionally, the mention of the test code and the context of the notice indicates that the patient is informing the provider about this disapproval, which is part of providing information related to diagnostics. So the Code would be InfoGive with Sub-code Diagnostics, and the span would be \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered\".\n\nAlso, the salutation part is \"Greetings,\" so that's a separate pair under PartnershipPatient's salutation sub-code. \n\nSo the two pairs would be:\n\n1. PartnershipPatient - salutation - \"Greetings\"\n2. InfoGive - Diagnostics - \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing...\"\n\nWait, but the span should be minimal. Maybe \"notice of disapproval for the testing\" is sufficient. The exact wording in the sentence is \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing...)\", so the minimal span could be \"notice of disapproval for the testing\".\n\nTherefore, the two code-subcode pairs are:\n\n- PartnershipPatient: salutation (Greetings)\n- InfoGive: Diagnostics (notice of disapproval for the testing...)\n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. The mention of the date and the letter might be part of general information, but the key here is the diagnostic test's disapproval. The next sentence talks about the reasons not making sense, which might be part of InfoSeek or Socioemotional, but that's in the next sentence, so we can ignore that for the current sentence.\n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. So the final answer should have those two pairs.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Greetings, Person1 rec'd a notice MM/DD/YYYY (MM/DD/YYYY, letter dated MM/DD/YYYY) of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Hematology and Oncology Indications).\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions that the reasons for disapproval don't make sense, which might indicate some frustration or confusion.\n\nLooking at the current sentence, it starts with \"Greetings,\" which is a clear salutation. Since it's the opening sentence, the salutation sub-code under PartnershipPatient or PartnershipProvider might apply. The sentence is from the patient, so likely PartnershipPatient. The salutation sub-code is appropriate here because it's the start of the message and a greeting.\n\nNext, the rest of the sentence talks about receiving a notice of disapproval for a specific medical test ordered by a doctor. The mention of the test code (81479) and the context of disapproval relates to diagnostics. The InfoGive code's sub-code Diagnostics fits here because it's providing information about a diagnostic test's status. The span here would be \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing...)\" but the minimal span should be the core part. Maybe \"notice of disapproval for the testing\" captures the key info about diagnostics being denied.\n\nWait, but the exact span needs to be specific. The key part is \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing...)\" but the minimal span could be \"notice of disapproval for the testing\" or even \"disapproval for the testing\". However, the code InfoGive's subcode Diagnostics is about the process of identifying a disease through tests. The disapproval relates to the test being ordered, so the action here is providing info about the test's disapproval, which is part of the diagnostic process. \n\nAdditionally, the mention of the test code and the context of the notice indicates that the patient is informing the provider about this disapproval, which is part of providing information related to diagnostics. So the Code would be InfoGive with Sub-code Diagnostics, and the span would be \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered\".\n\nAlso, the salutation part is \"Greetings,\" so that's a separate pair under PartnershipPatient's salutation sub-code. \n\nSo the two pairs would be:\n\n1. PartnershipPatient - salutation - \"Greetings\"\n2. InfoGive - Diagnostics - \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing...\"\n\nWait, but the span should be minimal. Maybe \"notice of disapproval for the testing\" is sufficient. The exact wording in the sentence is \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing...)\", so the minimal span could be \"notice of disapproval for the testing\".\n\nTherefore, the two code-subcode pairs are:\n\n- PartnershipPatient: salutation (Greetings)\n- InfoGive: Diagnostics (notice of disapproval for the testing...)\n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. The mention of the date and the letter might be part of general information, but the key here is the diagnostic test's disapproval. The next sentence talks about the reasons not making sense, which might be part of InfoSeek or Socioemotional, but that's in the next sentence, so we can ignore that for the current sentence.\n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. So the final answer should have those two pairs.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | c0a902cb1ae283c1952871de8363e2b013b9a22f1b2d710849dc05ff750cf021 | 29eafb99aefb82234af4511db338c0517b09f43c0697b62588f525891be7aa08 | afdf64a144cd4201662252898d56e621d2608545e662fa684465fa5dcb475d79 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"rec'd a notice MM/DD/YYYY\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"disapproval for the testing\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Greetings, Person1 rec'd a notice MM/DD/YYYY (MM/DD/YYYY, letter dated MM/DD/YYYY) of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Hematology and Oncology Indications).\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions that the reasons for disapproval don't make sense, which might indicate some frustration or confusion.\n\nLooking at the current sentence, it starts with \"Greetings,\" which is a clear salutation. Since it's the opening sentence, the salutation sub-code under PartnershipPatient or PartnershipProvider might apply. The sentence is from the patient, so likely PartnershipPatient. The salutation sub-code is appropriate here because it's the start of the message and a greeting.\n\nNext, the rest of the sentence talks about receiving a notice of disapproval for a specific medical test ordered by a doctor. The mention of the test code (81479) and the context of disapproval relates to diagnostics. The InfoGive code's sub-code Diagnostics fits here because it's providing information about a diagnostic test's status. The span here would be \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing...)\" but the minimal span should be the core part. Maybe \"notice of disapproval for the testing\" captures the key info about diagnostics being denied.\n\nWait, but the exact span needs to be specific. The key part is \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing...)\" but the minimal span could be \"notice of disapproval for the testing\" or even \"disapproval for the testing\". However, the code InfoGive's subcode Diagnostics is about the process of identifying a disease through tests. The disapproval relates to the test being ordered, so the action here is providing info about the test's disapproval, which is part of the diagnostic process. \n\nAdditionally, the mention of the test code and the context of the notice indicates that the patient is informing the provider about this disapproval, which is part of providing information related to diagnostics. So the Code would be InfoGive with Sub-code Diagnostics, and the span would be \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered\".\n\nAlso, the salutation part is \"Greetings,\" so that's a separate pair under PartnershipPatient's salutation sub-code. \n\nSo the two pairs would be:\n\n1. PartnershipPatient - salutation - \"Greetings\"\n2. InfoGive - Diagnostics - \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing...\"\n\nWait, but the span should be minimal. Maybe \"notice of disapproval for the testing\" is sufficient. The exact wording in the sentence is \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing...)\", so the minimal span could be \"notice of disapproval for the testing\".\n\nTherefore, the two code-subcode pairs are:\n\n- PartnershipPatient: salutation (Greetings)\n- InfoGive: Diagnostics (notice of disapproval for the testing...)\n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. The mention of the date and the letter might be part of general information, but the key here is the diagnostic test's disapproval. The next sentence talks about the reasons not making sense, which might be part of InfoSeek or Socioemotional, but that's in the next sentence, so we can ignore that for the current sentence.\n\nNo other codes seem applicable here. So the final answer should have those two pairs.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Greetings\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"notice of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing\"}]}"
] |
82 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Greetings, Person1 rec'd a notice MM/DD/YYYY (MM/DD/YYYY, letter dated MM/DD/YYYY) of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Hematology and Oncology Indications).\n Current sentence: The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\n Next sentence: Do you prefer to tackle this?\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"expressOpinions\", \"Span\": \"The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "expressOpinions", "Span": "The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I need to postpone the appointments made for MM/DD/YYYY, and MM/DD/YYYY for the initial doses of Fulvestrant, that we discussed in your office.\n Current sentence: I have not completely recovered from the surgery of MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: I still have the surgical drain in place, and have a potential appointment tomorrow, MM/DD/YYYY to see Dr Person2, but it is dependent on fluid accumulation, which I am afraid will not be low enough by then, for removal.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"I have not completely recovered from the surgery of MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: It seems that your tumor markers are also due.\n Current sentence: Also, Person1 wants to know if you've had hydromorphone before, because you have an oxycodone allergy listed.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Also, Person1 wants to know if you've had hydromorphone before, because you have an oxycodone allergy listed\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Greetings, Person1 rec'd a notice MM/DD/YYYY (MM/DD/YYYY, letter dated MM/DD/YYYY) of disapproval for the testing Dr. Person2 ordered (81479 Molecular Diagnostic Testing for Hematology and Oncology Indications).\n Current sentence: The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\n Next sentence: Do you prefer to tackle this?\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\" The patient is responding to a previous sentence about a disapproved test. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions a denial of a medical test, and the current sentence is the patient's reaction. The next sentence asks if the provider wants to handle it. \n\nLooking at the codes, the patient is expressing that the reasons for the denial don't make sense. This seems like an emotional response. The code \"Socioemotional/Empathy\" deals with emotional cues. The sub-code here could be \"ExpressConcern/unease\" because the patient is showing frustration or confusion. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"AcknowledgeSituation\" if they're pointing out an issue, but \"ExpressConcern\" fits better since they're saying the reasons don't make sense, indicating worry or dissatisfaction. \n\nNo other codes seem to fit here. The patient isn't seeking information or giving instructions, so InfoSeek or InfoGive aren't right. Partnership codes might involve collaboration, but this is more about the patient's emotional reaction. \n\nSo the code is Socioemotional/Empathy with sub-code ExpressConcern/unease. The span is \"The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"ExpressConcern/unease\", \"Span\": \"The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\" The patient is responding to a previous sentence about a disapproved test. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions a denial of a medical test, and the current sentence is the patient's reaction. The next sentence asks if the provider wants to handle it. \n\nLooking at the codes, the patient is expressing that the reasons for the denial don't make sense. This seems like an emotional response. The code \"Socioemotional/Empathy\" deals with emotional cues. The sub-code here could be \"ExpressConcern/unease\" because the patient is showing frustration or confusion. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"AcknowledgeSituation\" if they're pointing out an issue, but \"ExpressConcern\" fits better since they're saying the reasons don't make sense, indicating worry or dissatisfaction. \n\nNo other codes seem to fit here. The patient isn't seeking information or giving instructions, so InfoSeek or InfoGive aren't right. Partnership codes might involve collaboration, but this is more about the patient's emotional reaction. \n\nSo the code is Socioemotional/Empathy with sub-code ExpressConcern/unease. The span is \"The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"ExpressConcern/unease\", \"Span\": \"The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | c2c5e42ffe0605544d8bb07581357f8a5b24b301767d153c7f6ef2c03e2a8715 | 6d5e87551e00ab5298f53c28485e2db0419fafcc6ba692aa272f77371e7257aa | a7ea7186b342f46a9e03d638e736dfe49c86b469ef87d89b72830b94765797e1 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"expressOpinions\", \"Span\": \"The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\" The patient is responding to a previous sentence about a disapproved test. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions a denial of a medical test, and the current sentence is the patient's reaction. The next sentence asks if the provider wants to handle it. \n\nLooking at the codes, the patient is expressing that the reasons for the denial don't make sense. This seems like an emotional response. The code \"Socioemotional/Empathy\" deals with emotional cues. The sub-code here could be \"ExpressConcern/unease\" because the patient is showing frustration or confusion. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"AcknowledgeSituation\" if they're pointing out an issue, but \"ExpressConcern\" fits better since they're saying the reasons don't make sense, indicating worry or dissatisfaction. \n\nNo other codes seem to fit here. The patient isn't seeking information or giving instructions, so InfoSeek or InfoGive aren't right. Partnership codes might involve collaboration, but this is more about the patient's emotional reaction. \n\nSo the code is Socioemotional/Empathy with sub-code ExpressConcern/unease. The span is \"The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"ExpressConcern/unease\", \"Span\": \"The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\"}]}"
] |
83 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\n Current sentence: Do you prefer to tackle this?\n Next sentence: Anything I can do?\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Do you prefer to tackle this?\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "activeParticipation/involvement", "Span": "Do you prefer to tackle this?"}]} | {
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"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\n Current sentence: The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\n Next sentence: Please advise.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hello This is Person1 writing on behalf of Person2.\n Next sentence: This is to follow up on the conversations Person2 and I had with Person3 and I had with Person4today.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"This is Person1 writing on behalf of Person2\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual.\n Current sentence: Do you prefer to tackle this?\n Next sentence: Anything I can do?\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Do you prefer to tackle this?\" and the previous sentence is \"The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual,\" with the next one being \"Anything I can do?\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence expresses frustration that the reasons provided don't make sense. The current sentence is a question asking if the recipient wants to handle the issue. The next sentence offers help. \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, I should see which ones fit. The current sentence is a question where the patient is asking the provider if they want to take on the problem. That sounds like it's about shared decision-making. Specifically, the patient is seeking the provider's preference, which might fall under SharedDecisionPatient's \"SeekingApproval\" subcode. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under PartnershipPatient's \"expressOpinions\" since they're asking the provider's opinion. But \"SeekingApproval\" in SharedDecisionPatient is more about the patient asking for permission or the provider's decision. \n\nWait, the SharedDecisionPatient code's subcode \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for the provider's approval. The current sentence is phrased as \"Do you prefer to tackle this?\" which is the patient asking the provider if they want to handle it. That could be the patient offering to let the provider take the lead, which might be part of shared decision-making. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under PartnershipPatient's \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because the patient is engaging in the process by asking how to proceed. \n\nHmm. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nSharedDecisionPatient's \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for the provider's permission. The current sentence is more about offering the provider the chance to take action, so maybe that's not exactly seeking approval. \n\nLooking at PartnershipPatient's subcodes: \"expressOpinions\" is when the patient shares their thoughts or concerns. The question here is more about the provider's preference, so maybe not. \n\nAlternatively, \"Alignment\" in PartnershipPatient is about confirming mutual understanding. Not sure. \n\nWait, maybe it's under PartnershipProvider's \"inviteCollaboration\" but since the speaker is the patient, it's more likely under PartnershipPatient. \n\nAlternatively, the question could be seen as the patient wanting to collaborate, so \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because they're engaging in the decision-making process. \n\nAlternatively, looking at the code \"SharedDecisionPatient\" and its subcode \"ExploreOptions\" which involves asking questions to learn about options. But \"tackle this\" is vague. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under \"PartnershipPatient\" with \"expressOpinions\" because they're asking the provider's opinion. \n\nAlternatively, \"connection\" in PartnershipPatient, but that's for non-medical info to strengthen the relationship. \n\nHmm. Let me think again. The sentence is a question directed at the provider, asking if they want to handle the issue. This could be the patient inviting the provider to take the lead, which might be part of building a partnership. \n\nAlternatively, \"PartnershipPatient\" with \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because they're engaging in the process by asking how to proceed. \n\nAlternatively, \"SharedDecisionPatient\" with \"ExploreOptions\" since they're asking about how to approach the problem. \n\nAlternatively, \"SharedDecisionProvider\" but since the speaker is the patient, that's not applicable. \n\nWait, the code SharedDecisionPatient's subcode \"ExploreOptions\" includes asking detailed questions to learn about options. The current sentence is a bit vague but could be part of exploring options by asking how to proceed. \n\nAlternatively, \"SeekingApproval\" in SharedDecisionPatient is when the patient asks for the provider's approval. The question here is more about the provider's preference, so maybe that's the case. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under \"PartnershipPatient\" with \"expressOpinions\" because they're expressing a desire to involve the provider in the decision. \n\nHmm, this is a bit tricky. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nSharedDecisionPatient's \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for permission. The current sentence is phrased as \"Do you prefer to tackle this?\" which is more about the provider's preference rather than the patient seeking approval for their own decision. \n\nAlternatively, \"ExploreOptions\" involves asking questions to understand options. The question here is about who should handle the issue, so maybe that's part of exploring options. \n\nAlternatively, \"PartnershipPatient\" with \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because the patient is engaging in the process by asking how to proceed. \n\nAlternatively, \"connection\" in PartnershipPatient, but that's for non-medical info. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under \"Socioemotional/Empathy\" with \"ExpressConcern/unease\" because the patient is"
]
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Do you prefer to tackle this?\" and the previous sentence is \"The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual,\" with the next one being \"Anything I can do?\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence expresses frustration that the reasons provided don't make sense. The current sentence is a question asking if the recipient wants to handle the issue. The next sentence offers help. \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, I should see which ones fit. The current sentence is a question where the patient is asking the provider if they want to take on the problem. That sounds like it's about shared decision-making. Specifically, the patient is seeking the provider's preference, which might fall under SharedDecisionPatient's \"SeekingApproval\" subcode. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under PartnershipPatient's \"expressOpinions\" since they're asking the provider's opinion. But \"SeekingApproval\" in SharedDecisionPatient is more about the patient asking for permission or the provider's decision. \n\nWait, the SharedDecisionPatient code's subcode \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for the provider's approval. The current sentence is phrased as \"Do you prefer to tackle this?\" which is the patient asking the provider if they want to handle it. That could be the patient offering to let the provider take the lead, which might be part of shared decision-making. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under PartnershipPatient's \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because the patient is engaging in the process by asking how to proceed. \n\nHmm. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nSharedDecisionPatient's \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for the provider's permission. The current sentence is more about offering the provider the chance to take action, so maybe that's not exactly seeking approval. \n\nLooking at PartnershipPatient's subcodes: \"expressOpinions\" is when the patient shares their thoughts or concerns. The question here is more about the provider's preference, so maybe not. \n\nAlternatively, \"Alignment\" in PartnershipPatient is about confirming mutual understanding. Not sure. \n\nWait, maybe it's under PartnershipProvider's \"inviteCollaboration\" but since the speaker is the patient, it's more likely under PartnershipPatient. \n\nAlternatively, the question could be seen as the patient wanting to collaborate, so \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because they're engaging in the decision-making process. \n\nAlternatively, looking at the code \"SharedDecisionPatient\" and its subcode \"ExploreOptions\" which involves asking questions to learn about options. But \"tackle this\" is vague. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under \"PartnershipPatient\" with \"expressOpinions\" because they're asking the provider's opinion. \n\nAlternatively, \"connection\" in PartnershipPatient, but that's for non-medical info to strengthen the relationship. \n\nHmm. Let me think again. The sentence is a question directed at the provider, asking if they want to handle the issue. This could be the patient inviting the provider to take the lead, which might be part of building a partnership. \n\nAlternatively, \"PartnershipPatient\" with \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because they're engaging in the process by asking how to proceed. \n\nAlternatively, \"SharedDecisionPatient\" with \"ExploreOptions\" since they're asking about how to approach the problem. \n\nAlternatively, \"SharedDecisionProvider\" but since the speaker is the patient, that's not applicable. \n\nWait, the code SharedDecisionPatient's subcode \"ExploreOptions\" includes asking detailed questions to learn about options. The current sentence is a bit vague but could be part of exploring options by asking how to proceed. \n\nAlternatively, \"SeekingApproval\" in SharedDecisionPatient is when the patient asks for the provider's approval. The question here is more about the provider's preference, so maybe that's the case. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under \"PartnershipPatient\" with \"expressOpinions\" because they're expressing a desire to involve the provider in the decision. \n\nHmm, this is a bit tricky. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nSharedDecisionPatient's \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for permission. The current sentence is phrased as \"Do you prefer to tackle this?\" which is more about the provider's preference rather than the patient seeking approval for their own decision. \n\nAlternatively, \"ExploreOptions\" involves asking questions to understand options. The question here is about who should handle the issue, so maybe that's part of exploring options. \n\nAlternatively, \"PartnershipPatient\" with \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because the patient is engaging in the process by asking how to proceed. \n\nAlternatively, \"connection\" in PartnershipPatient, but that's for non-medical info. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under \"Socioemotional/Empathy\" with \"ExpressConcern/unease\" because the patient is"
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"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Do you prefer to tackle this?\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Do you prefer to tackle this?\" and the previous sentence is \"The reasons listed don't make any sense, per usual,\" with the next one being \"Anything I can do?\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence expresses frustration that the reasons provided don't make sense. The current sentence is a question asking if the recipient wants to handle the issue. The next sentence offers help. \n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, I should see which ones fit. The current sentence is a question where the patient is asking the provider if they want to take on the problem. That sounds like it's about shared decision-making. Specifically, the patient is seeking the provider's preference, which might fall under SharedDecisionPatient's \"SeekingApproval\" subcode. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under PartnershipPatient's \"expressOpinions\" since they're asking the provider's opinion. But \"SeekingApproval\" in SharedDecisionPatient is more about the patient asking for permission or the provider's decision. \n\nWait, the SharedDecisionPatient code's subcode \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for the provider's approval. The current sentence is phrased as \"Do you prefer to tackle this?\" which is the patient asking the provider if they want to handle it. That could be the patient offering to let the provider take the lead, which might be part of shared decision-making. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under PartnershipPatient's \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because the patient is engaging in the process by asking how to proceed. \n\nHmm. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nSharedDecisionPatient's \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for the provider's permission. The current sentence is more about offering the provider the chance to take action, so maybe that's not exactly seeking approval. \n\nLooking at PartnershipPatient's subcodes: \"expressOpinions\" is when the patient shares their thoughts or concerns. The question here is more about the provider's preference, so maybe not. \n\nAlternatively, \"Alignment\" in PartnershipPatient is about confirming mutual understanding. Not sure. \n\nWait, maybe it's under PartnershipProvider's \"inviteCollaboration\" but since the speaker is the patient, it's more likely under PartnershipPatient. \n\nAlternatively, the question could be seen as the patient wanting to collaborate, so \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because they're engaging in the decision-making process. \n\nAlternatively, looking at the code \"SharedDecisionPatient\" and its subcode \"ExploreOptions\" which involves asking questions to learn about options. But \"tackle this\" is vague. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under \"PartnershipPatient\" with \"expressOpinions\" because they're asking the provider's opinion. \n\nAlternatively, \"connection\" in PartnershipPatient, but that's for non-medical info to strengthen the relationship. \n\nHmm. Let me think again. The sentence is a question directed at the provider, asking if they want to handle the issue. This could be the patient inviting the provider to take the lead, which might be part of building a partnership. \n\nAlternatively, \"PartnershipPatient\" with \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because they're engaging in the process by asking how to proceed. \n\nAlternatively, \"SharedDecisionPatient\" with \"ExploreOptions\" since they're asking about how to approach the problem. \n\nAlternatively, \"SharedDecisionProvider\" but since the speaker is the patient, that's not applicable. \n\nWait, the code SharedDecisionPatient's subcode \"ExploreOptions\" includes asking detailed questions to learn about options. The current sentence is a bit vague but could be part of exploring options by asking how to proceed. \n\nAlternatively, \"SeekingApproval\" in SharedDecisionPatient is when the patient asks for the provider's approval. The question here is more about the provider's preference, so maybe that's the case. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under \"PartnershipPatient\" with \"expressOpinions\" because they're expressing a desire to involve the provider in the decision. \n\nHmm, this is a bit tricky. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nSharedDecisionPatient's \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for permission. The current sentence is phrased as \"Do you prefer to tackle this?\" which is more about the provider's preference rather than the patient seeking approval for their own decision. \n\nAlternatively, \"ExploreOptions\" involves asking questions to understand options. The question here is about who should handle the issue, so maybe that's part of exploring options. \n\nAlternatively, \"PartnershipPatient\" with \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because the patient is engaging in the process by asking how to proceed. \n\nAlternatively, \"connection\" in PartnershipPatient, but that's for non-medical info. \n\nAlternatively, maybe it's under \"Socioemotional/Empathy\" with \"ExpressConcern/unease\" because the patient is"
] |
84 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Do you prefer to tackle this?\n Current sentence: Anything I can do?\n Next sentence: Oy.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Anything I can do?\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "activeParticipation/involvement", "Span": "Anything I can do?"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Is the rash itchy/painful or raised?\n Current sentence: Is he putting anything topical on this?\n Next sentence: Person1\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Is he putting anything topical on this?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Theoretically, if we were able to get you in to start your Person2 on MM/DD/YYYY or MM/DD/YYYY, would you be able to come in?\n Current sentence: Thanks, Person3\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thanks\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Do you prefer to tackle this?\n Current sentence: Anything I can do?\n Next sentence: Oy.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The user wants me to analyze the patient's message \"Anything I can do?\" in the context of the previous and next sentences. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is \"Do you prefer to tackle this?\" and the next is \"Oy.\" So the patient is asking if there's anything they can do, which sounds like they're offering help or wanting to be involved in their care.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, I should check which ones fit. The main codes related to patient communication are PartnershipPatient and InfoSeek. \n\nThe sentence \"Anything I can do?\" seems like the patient is expressing a desire to be actively involved. That points towards PartnershipPatient. The subcodes under PartnershipPatient include activeParticipation/involvement, which matches because the patient is asking how they can participate. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek, but that's more about seeking information. The patient isn't asking for info here but rather offering to help. So PartnershipPatient is better. \n\nThe subcode activeParticipation/involvement is the right fit here because the patient is showing willingness to take part in their care. The span would be the entire question \"Anything I can do?\" since that's the core of the message. \n\nI should also check if there are other possible codes. Maybe Socioemotional/Empathy? But the sentence doesn't express emotions like gratitude or concern, just an offer to help. So no. \n\nThe next sentence \"Oy.\" might indicate frustration, but that's separate. The current sentence is clearly about active involvement. \n\nSo the final result should be a single entry under PartnershipPatient with activeParticipation/involvement and the span as the entire sentence.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Anything I can do?\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The user wants me to analyze the patient's message \"Anything I can do?\" in the context of the previous and next sentences. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is \"Do you prefer to tackle this?\" and the next is \"Oy.\" So the patient is asking if there's anything they can do, which sounds like they're offering help or wanting to be involved in their care.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, I should check which ones fit. The main codes related to patient communication are PartnershipPatient and InfoSeek. \n\nThe sentence \"Anything I can do?\" seems like the patient is expressing a desire to be actively involved. That points towards PartnershipPatient. The subcodes under PartnershipPatient include activeParticipation/involvement, which matches because the patient is asking how they can participate. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek, but that's more about seeking information. The patient isn't asking for info here but rather offering to help. So PartnershipPatient is better. \n\nThe subcode activeParticipation/involvement is the right fit here because the patient is showing willingness to take part in their care. The span would be the entire question \"Anything I can do?\" since that's the core of the message. \n\nI should also check if there are other possible codes. Maybe Socioemotional/Empathy? But the sentence doesn't express emotions like gratitude or concern, just an offer to help. So no. \n\nThe next sentence \"Oy.\" might indicate frustration, but that's separate. The current sentence is clearly about active involvement. \n\nSo the final result should be a single entry under PartnershipPatient with activeParticipation/involvement and the span as the entire sentence.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Anything I can do?\"}]}"
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"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Anything I can do?\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The user wants me to analyze the patient's message \"Anything I can do?\" in the context of the previous and next sentences. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is \"Do you prefer to tackle this?\" and the next is \"Oy.\" So the patient is asking if there's anything they can do, which sounds like they're offering help or wanting to be involved in their care.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, I should check which ones fit. The main codes related to patient communication are PartnershipPatient and InfoSeek. \n\nThe sentence \"Anything I can do?\" seems like the patient is expressing a desire to be actively involved. That points towards PartnershipPatient. The subcodes under PartnershipPatient include activeParticipation/involvement, which matches because the patient is asking how they can participate. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek, but that's more about seeking information. The patient isn't asking for info here but rather offering to help. So PartnershipPatient is better. \n\nThe subcode activeParticipation/involvement is the right fit here because the patient is showing willingness to take part in their care. The span would be the entire question \"Anything I can do?\" since that's the core of the message. \n\nI should also check if there are other possible codes. Maybe Socioemotional/Empathy? But the sentence doesn't express emotions like gratitude or concern, just an offer to help. So no. \n\nThe next sentence \"Oy.\" might indicate frustration, but that's separate. The current sentence is clearly about active involvement. \n\nSo the final result should be a single entry under PartnershipPatient with activeParticipation/involvement and the span as the entire sentence.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Anything I can do?\"}]}"
] |
85 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Oy.\n Current sentence: Best regards, Person3 (wife)\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best regards\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "signoff", "Span": "Best regards"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi, My dad left hand is red, warm and swollen.\n Next sentence: I just had visiting nurse rinse it but she was concerned could be a cellulitis.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"My dad left hand is red, warm and swollen\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Got it.\n Next sentence: I'm having the Infusion scheduler call you to get you an appt on NP8\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Alignment\", \"Span\": \"Got it\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Oy.\n Current sentence: Best regards, Person3 (wife)\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Best regards, Person3 (wife)\". The previous sentence is \"Oy.\" and the next sentence is none.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The current sentence is the closing part of the message, ending with a sign-off. The phrase \"Best regards\" is a common way to conclude a message politely. Since it's the closing sentence (next is none), according to the instructions, especially regarding the salutation and signoff subcodes, I should check if this is a signoff.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the PartnershipPatient code has a subcode called \"signoff\", which is for indicating the message is ending politely. The \"salutation\" subcode under PartnershipPatient is for greetings at the start, but here it's at the end, so signoff makes sense.\n\nThe span here would be \"Best regards\" since that's the polite closing. The rest (\"Person3 (wife)\") is identifying the sender, but the key part for the code is the \"Best regards\".\n\nAlso, checking other possible codes: InfoGive, InfoSeek, etc., don't fit here because there's no information being given or sought. The PartnershipProvider code's signoff subcode also exists, but since the speaker is the patient, it should be under PartnershipPatient.\n\nSo the correct code-subcode pair is PartnershipPatient with signoff, and the span is \"Best regards\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best regards\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Best regards, Person3 (wife)\". The previous sentence is \"Oy.\" and the next sentence is none.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The current sentence is the closing part of the message, ending with a sign-off. The phrase \"Best regards\" is a common way to conclude a message politely. Since it's the closing sentence (next is none), according to the instructions, especially regarding the salutation and signoff subcodes, I should check if this is a signoff.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the PartnershipPatient code has a subcode called \"signoff\", which is for indicating the message is ending politely. The \"salutation\" subcode under PartnershipPatient is for greetings at the start, but here it's at the end, so signoff makes sense.\n\nThe span here would be \"Best regards\" since that's the polite closing. The rest (\"Person3 (wife)\") is identifying the sender, but the key part for the code is the \"Best regards\".\n\nAlso, checking other possible codes: InfoGive, InfoSeek, etc., don't fit here because there's no information being given or sought. The PartnershipProvider code's signoff subcode also exists, but since the speaker is the patient, it should be under PartnershipPatient.\n\nSo the correct code-subcode pair is PartnershipPatient with signoff, and the span is \"Best regards\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best regards\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | c1e62c765fd9aa127c1e1bbae2ecd25566824c582ac51e86b8004b25c41ee421 | d5c19ac8829ea0a320e146afeb7c24cd6fcad03c331bb6e09bc8726e786d92e6 | ff1a3c9953f43a948b13b667bade62e3d73f64168e1182878a0ee709180f4c8a | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best regards\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Best regards, Person3 (wife)\". The previous sentence is \"Oy.\" and the next sentence is none.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The current sentence is the closing part of the message, ending with a sign-off. The phrase \"Best regards\" is a common way to conclude a message politely. Since it's the closing sentence (next is none), according to the instructions, especially regarding the salutation and signoff subcodes, I should check if this is a signoff.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the PartnershipPatient code has a subcode called \"signoff\", which is for indicating the message is ending politely. The \"salutation\" subcode under PartnershipPatient is for greetings at the start, but here it's at the end, so signoff makes sense.\n\nThe span here would be \"Best regards\" since that's the polite closing. The rest (\"Person3 (wife)\") is identifying the sender, but the key part for the code is the \"Best regards\".\n\nAlso, checking other possible codes: InfoGive, InfoSeek, etc., don't fit here because there's no information being given or sought. The PartnershipProvider code's signoff subcode also exists, but since the speaker is the patient, it should be under PartnershipPatient.\n\nSo the correct code-subcode pair is PartnershipPatient with signoff, and the span is \"Best regards\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best regards\"}]}"
] |
86 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Please call Person1 (this is the company running the testing) and speak with their customer service regarding this, they will the answers you need.\n Next sentence: Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"Please call Person1 (this is the company running the testing) and speak with their customer service\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"they will the answers you need\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Instruction", "Span": "Please call Person1 (this is the company running the testing) and speak with their customer service"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Generalinformation", "Span": "they will the answers you need"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Greetings, Dr. Person1 would like to see Person2 in the office MM/DD/YYYY, Fri. MM/DD/YYYY (other days Person2 is at Radiology w Dr. Person3).\n Current sentence: Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?\n Next sentence: XXX-XXX-XXXX (pls lv msg) I also spoke w Dr. B about 2 Rxs that have been pending for MM/DD/YYYY: 1) Oxycodone 15mg rapid release; current Rx will run out by tmrrw, MM/DD/YYYY Sept. MM/DD/YYYY) Eliquis 5mg; current Rx will run out Sun.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Would you let me know when you can squeeze Person2 in?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Are you having any problems urinating?\n Current sentence: Burning, frequency, urgency?\n Next sentence: Any issues holding your urine or stool, difficulty walking, pain radiating up or down from your lower back on the sides?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"Burning, frequency, urgency?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Please call Person1 (this is the company running the testing) and speak with their customer service regarding this, they will the answers you need.\n Next sentence: Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Please call Person1 (this is the company running the testing) and speak with their customer service regarding this, they will the answers you need.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is \"Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\".\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The provider is instructing the patient to contact a company (Person1) involved in testing. The next sentence is a thank you, which might be part of the same message but the current sentence is the main instruction.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance. The provider is giving instructions to call a specific company's customer service. The sub-code here would be \"Instruction\" under InfoGive because it's directing the patient on what action to take. \n\nThe span here would be \"Please call Person1... they will the answers you need.\" But the exact minimal span should be the core instruction. Maybe \"Please call Person1... speak with their customer service regarding this\" captures the instruction part. However, the entire sentence is the instruction. Wait, but the sub-code \"Instruction\" is for providing guidance. The part \"they will the answers you need\" might be part of the instruction, but maybe the key is the action to take. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive? Because it's about coordinating care by directing the patient to another service. The definition of carecoordination is about organizing healthcare services. The provider is directing the patient to another entity for answers, which is part of care coordination. \n\nWait, let me check the sub-codes for InfoGive. The sub-code \"carecoordination\" is part of InfoGive. The sentence is instructing the patient to contact another service for answers, which is coordinating their care. So the code would be InfoGive with Sub-code carecoordination. The span would be \"Please call Person1... speak with their customer service regarding this\".\n\nAlternatively, the main instruction is to call, so maybe \"Instruction\" is better. The sub-code \"Instruction\" is for providing guidance. The provider is giving an instruction to contact the company. \n\nHmm, the definition of carecoordination is about integrating healthcare services. Since the provider is directing the patient to another company for testing-related issues, that's coordinating their care. So maybe that's the better fit. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of \"customer service regarding this\" could be part of general information? No, because it's about accessing necessary services. \n\nAlternatively, the sub-code \"Generalinformation\" under InfoGive? But the instruction is specific to contacting a service, so carecoordination seems better. \n\nWait, the sub-code \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive is defined as the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services. The provider is directing the patient to another entity for assistance, which is part of coordinating their care. \n\nTherefore, the code is InfoGive with Sub-code carecoordination. The span would be \"Please call Person1... speak with their customer service regarding this\".\n\nAdditionally, the part \"they will the answers you need\" might be part of the instruction, but maybe that's part of the same sub-code. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"Instruction\" is the sub-code here because it's giving a direct instruction. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nThe sub-code \"Instruction\" under InfoGive is for providing guidance to ensure proper execution of actions. The sentence is instructing the patient to take a specific action (calling the company), so that's an instruction. The part about getting answers is part of the reason, but the main action is the instruction to call. \n\nTherefore, the code is InfoGive with Sub-code Instruction. The span would be \"Please call Person1... speak with their customer service regarding this\".\n\nWait, but the entire sentence is the instruction. The minimal span should be the core part. Maybe \"Please call Person1 and speak with their customer service regarding this\" captures the instruction. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is the instruction. But the minimal span should be the core phrase. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"carecoordination\" is better because it's about directing the patient to another service. Let me check the definition again. \n\nCarecoordination is about ensuring providers communicate and collaborate. Here, the provider is telling the patient to contact another company, which is part of coordinating their care. \n\nHmm, I'm a bit torn between Instruction and carecoordination. The key is the intent. The provider is giving an instruction (action to take), so Instruction might be more accurate. \n\nAlternatively, if the instruction is part of coordinating care, then carecoordination. \n\nThe definition of carecoordination includes scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions. But here it's about contacting a third party for answers. \n\nAlternatively, maybe the sub-code \"Generalinformation\" under InfoGive? But that's for administrative info. \n\nAlternatively, the main point is the instruction to"
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Please call Person1 (this is the company running the testing) and speak with their customer service regarding this, they will the answers you need.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is \"Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\".\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The provider is instructing the patient to contact a company (Person1) involved in testing. The next sentence is a thank you, which might be part of the same message but the current sentence is the main instruction.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance. The provider is giving instructions to call a specific company's customer service. The sub-code here would be \"Instruction\" under InfoGive because it's directing the patient on what action to take. \n\nThe span here would be \"Please call Person1... they will the answers you need.\" But the exact minimal span should be the core instruction. Maybe \"Please call Person1... speak with their customer service regarding this\" captures the instruction part. However, the entire sentence is the instruction. Wait, but the sub-code \"Instruction\" is for providing guidance. The part \"they will the answers you need\" might be part of the instruction, but maybe the key is the action to take. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive? Because it's about coordinating care by directing the patient to another service. The definition of carecoordination is about organizing healthcare services. The provider is directing the patient to another entity for answers, which is part of care coordination. \n\nWait, let me check the sub-codes for InfoGive. The sub-code \"carecoordination\" is part of InfoGive. The sentence is instructing the patient to contact another service for answers, which is coordinating their care. So the code would be InfoGive with Sub-code carecoordination. The span would be \"Please call Person1... speak with their customer service regarding this\".\n\nAlternatively, the main instruction is to call, so maybe \"Instruction\" is better. The sub-code \"Instruction\" is for providing guidance. The provider is giving an instruction to contact the company. \n\nHmm, the definition of carecoordination is about integrating healthcare services. Since the provider is directing the patient to another company for testing-related issues, that's coordinating their care. So maybe that's the better fit. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of \"customer service regarding this\" could be part of general information? No, because it's about accessing necessary services. \n\nAlternatively, the sub-code \"Generalinformation\" under InfoGive? But the instruction is specific to contacting a service, so carecoordination seems better. \n\nWait, the sub-code \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive is defined as the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services. The provider is directing the patient to another entity for assistance, which is part of coordinating their care. \n\nTherefore, the code is InfoGive with Sub-code carecoordination. The span would be \"Please call Person1... speak with their customer service regarding this\".\n\nAdditionally, the part \"they will the answers you need\" might be part of the instruction, but maybe that's part of the same sub-code. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"Instruction\" is the sub-code here because it's giving a direct instruction. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nThe sub-code \"Instruction\" under InfoGive is for providing guidance to ensure proper execution of actions. The sentence is instructing the patient to take a specific action (calling the company), so that's an instruction. The part about getting answers is part of the reason, but the main action is the instruction to call. \n\nTherefore, the code is InfoGive with Sub-code Instruction. The span would be \"Please call Person1... speak with their customer service regarding this\".\n\nWait, but the entire sentence is the instruction. The minimal span should be the core part. Maybe \"Please call Person1 and speak with their customer service regarding this\" captures the instruction. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is the instruction. But the minimal span should be the core phrase. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"carecoordination\" is better because it's about directing the patient to another service. Let me check the definition again. \n\nCarecoordination is about ensuring providers communicate and collaborate. Here, the provider is telling the patient to contact another company, which is part of coordinating their care. \n\nHmm, I'm a bit torn between Instruction and carecoordination. The key is the intent. The provider is giving an instruction (action to take), so Instruction might be more accurate. \n\nAlternatively, if the instruction is part of coordinating care, then carecoordination. \n\nThe definition of carecoordination includes scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions. But here it's about contacting a third party for answers. \n\nAlternatively, maybe the sub-code \"Generalinformation\" under InfoGive? But that's for administrative info. \n\nAlternatively, the main point is the instruction to"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 8d00fadc10d6c8d2c6fef6c48d9ad0c83b348c8200b3c5b0feea2a058d11fa38 | 0b52f4912780db08797a69de097dc2dee55bd79aa1d33b2dfc13b10d8df089b3 | e5b96268e4548b5911c755be10d233382d2ef82637f4fa5ade4f956b6a1423b9 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"Please call Person1 (this is the company running the testing) and speak with their customer service\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"they will the answers you need\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Please call Person1 (this is the company running the testing) and speak with their customer service regarding this, they will the answers you need.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is \"Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\".\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The provider is instructing the patient to contact a company (Person1) involved in testing. The next sentence is a thank you, which might be part of the same message but the current sentence is the main instruction.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance. The provider is giving instructions to call a specific company's customer service. The sub-code here would be \"Instruction\" under InfoGive because it's directing the patient on what action to take. \n\nThe span here would be \"Please call Person1... they will the answers you need.\" But the exact minimal span should be the core instruction. Maybe \"Please call Person1... speak with their customer service regarding this\" captures the instruction part. However, the entire sentence is the instruction. Wait, but the sub-code \"Instruction\" is for providing guidance. The part \"they will the answers you need\" might be part of the instruction, but maybe the key is the action to take. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive? Because it's about coordinating care by directing the patient to another service. The definition of carecoordination is about organizing healthcare services. The provider is directing the patient to another entity for answers, which is part of care coordination. \n\nWait, let me check the sub-codes for InfoGive. The sub-code \"carecoordination\" is part of InfoGive. The sentence is instructing the patient to contact another service for answers, which is coordinating their care. So the code would be InfoGive with Sub-code carecoordination. The span would be \"Please call Person1... speak with their customer service regarding this\".\n\nAlternatively, the main instruction is to call, so maybe \"Instruction\" is better. The sub-code \"Instruction\" is for providing guidance. The provider is giving an instruction to contact the company. \n\nHmm, the definition of carecoordination is about integrating healthcare services. Since the provider is directing the patient to another company for testing-related issues, that's coordinating their care. So maybe that's the better fit. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of \"customer service regarding this\" could be part of general information? No, because it's about accessing necessary services. \n\nAlternatively, the sub-code \"Generalinformation\" under InfoGive? But the instruction is specific to contacting a service, so carecoordination seems better. \n\nWait, the sub-code \"carecoordination\" under InfoGive is defined as the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services. The provider is directing the patient to another entity for assistance, which is part of coordinating their care. \n\nTherefore, the code is InfoGive with Sub-code carecoordination. The span would be \"Please call Person1... speak with their customer service regarding this\".\n\nAdditionally, the part \"they will the answers you need\" might be part of the instruction, but maybe that's part of the same sub-code. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"Instruction\" is the sub-code here because it's giving a direct instruction. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nThe sub-code \"Instruction\" under InfoGive is for providing guidance to ensure proper execution of actions. The sentence is instructing the patient to take a specific action (calling the company), so that's an instruction. The part about getting answers is part of the reason, but the main action is the instruction to call. \n\nTherefore, the code is InfoGive with Sub-code Instruction. The span would be \"Please call Person1... speak with their customer service regarding this\".\n\nWait, but the entire sentence is the instruction. The minimal span should be the core part. Maybe \"Please call Person1 and speak with their customer service regarding this\" captures the instruction. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is the instruction. But the minimal span should be the core phrase. \n\nAlternatively, maybe \"carecoordination\" is better because it's about directing the patient to another service. Let me check the definition again. \n\nCarecoordination is about ensuring providers communicate and collaborate. Here, the provider is telling the patient to contact another company, which is part of coordinating their care. \n\nHmm, I'm a bit torn between Instruction and carecoordination. The key is the intent. The provider is giving an instruction (action to take), so Instruction might be more accurate. \n\nAlternatively, if the instruction is part of coordinating care, then carecoordination. \n\nThe definition of carecoordination includes scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions. But here it's about contacting a third party for answers. \n\nAlternatively, maybe the sub-code \"Generalinformation\" under InfoGive? But that's for administrative info. \n\nAlternatively, the main point is the instruction to"
] |
87 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Please call Person1 (this is the company running the testing) and speak with their customer service regarding this, they will the answers you need.\n Current sentence: Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thanx!\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "signoff", "Span": "Thanx!"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I have asked our pharmacy to expedite delivery to you so you can start the 75 mg dose.\n Current sentence: Take care, Person2\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Take care\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi, just picked up my prescription and the pharmacist talk to me and told me about side effects of blood clotting should I still take my baby aspirin I was diagnosed with anti-phospholipid cardio Lapin years ago that why I take the baby aspirin.\n Next sentence: Is that a concern for this medication, also considering there may be side effects is it OK if I start the medication on MM/DD/YYYY as I need to work this weekend?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"just picked up my prescription\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"the pharmacist talk to me and told me about side effects of blood clotting\"}, {\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"SeekingApproval\", \"Span\": \"should I still take my baby aspirin\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"that why I take the baby aspirin\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Please call Person1 (this is the company running the testing) and speak with their customer service regarding this, they will the answers you need.\n Current sentence: Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\" with the previous sentence being a request to call someone and the next sentence being none. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence tells the patient to contact a company for answers. The current sentence is a thank you followed by a phone number. Since the next sentence is none, this is the closing sentence.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The \"Thanx\" part is an expression of gratitude. Checking the codes, PartnershipProvider has a subcode called Appreciation/Gratitude. Since the provider is thanking the patient, this fits under PartnershipProvider's Appreciation/Gratitude subcode. The span here is \"Thanx\".\n\nThe phone number \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\" might be part of providing contact information. But looking at the codes, InfoGive's subcode could be Generalinformation since it's administrative info. However, the provider is giving their contact number, so maybe it's part of maintaining communication? Wait, the code for providing contact details might fall under Generalinformation under InfoGive. Alternatively, if it's part of care coordination, but the phone number itself is general info. \n\nWait, the phone number is likely part of the contact details, so under InfoGive's Generalinformation subcode. The span here is \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\".\n\nBut I should check if there's another code. The \"Thanx\" is clearly Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider. The phone number could be part of providing contact info, which is general information. So two pairs here: one for the thanks and one for the phone number.\n\nWait, but the provider is sending their number. Maybe that's part of maintaining communication? The subcode \"maintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider? Let me check the definitions. \n\nLooking at PartnershipProvider's subcodes: maintainCommunication involves keeping the patient informed and engaged, like saying more details will be provided. The phone number might be part of providing contact for future communication, so maybe that's maintainCommunication. But the exact subcode for giving a phone number isn't explicitly listed. The Generalinformation subcode under InfoGive includes administrative info, so the phone number fits there. \n\nSo the two pairs would be:\n\n1. PartnershipProvider - Appreciation/Gratitude - \"Thanx\"\n2. InfoGive - Generalinformation - \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\"\n\nWait, but the phone number is part of the current sentence. The provider is giving their contact info, so that's providing information, hence InfoGive. The subcode Generalinformation is appropriate here. \n\nAlternatively, could the phone number be part of carecoordination? The subcode carecoordination under InfoGive is about organizing services. Maybe not exactly. Generalinformation is better. \n\nSo the final answer should have those two entries.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thanx\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}]}"
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"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\" with the previous sentence being a request to call someone and the next sentence being none. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence tells the patient to contact a company for answers. The current sentence is a thank you followed by a phone number. Since the next sentence is none, this is the closing sentence.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The \"Thanx\" part is an expression of gratitude. Checking the codes, PartnershipProvider has a subcode called Appreciation/Gratitude. Since the provider is thanking the patient, this fits under PartnershipProvider's Appreciation/Gratitude subcode. The span here is \"Thanx\".\n\nThe phone number \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\" might be part of providing contact information. But looking at the codes, InfoGive's subcode could be Generalinformation since it's administrative info. However, the provider is giving their contact number, so maybe it's part of maintaining communication? Wait, the code for providing contact details might fall under Generalinformation under InfoGive. Alternatively, if it's part of care coordination, but the phone number itself is general info. \n\nWait, the phone number is likely part of the contact details, so under InfoGive's Generalinformation subcode. The span here is \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\".\n\nBut I should check if there's another code. The \"Thanx\" is clearly Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider. The phone number could be part of providing contact info, which is general information. So two pairs here: one for the thanks and one for the phone number.\n\nWait, but the provider is sending their number. Maybe that's part of maintaining communication? The subcode \"maintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider? Let me check the definitions. \n\nLooking at PartnershipProvider's subcodes: maintainCommunication involves keeping the patient informed and engaged, like saying more details will be provided. The phone number might be part of providing contact for future communication, so maybe that's maintainCommunication. But the exact subcode for giving a phone number isn't explicitly listed. The Generalinformation subcode under InfoGive includes administrative info, so the phone number fits there. \n\nSo the two pairs would be:\n\n1. PartnershipProvider - Appreciation/Gratitude - \"Thanx\"\n2. InfoGive - Generalinformation - \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\"\n\nWait, but the phone number is part of the current sentence. The provider is giving their contact info, so that's providing information, hence InfoGive. The subcode Generalinformation is appropriate here. \n\nAlternatively, could the phone number be part of carecoordination? The subcode carecoordination under InfoGive is about organizing services. Maybe not exactly. Generalinformation is better. \n\nSo the final answer should have those two entries.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thanx\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}]}"
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"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thanx!\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is from a provider, and the current sentence is \"Thanx! XXX-XXX-XXXX\" with the previous sentence being a request to call someone and the next sentence being none. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence tells the patient to contact a company for answers. The current sentence is a thank you followed by a phone number. Since the next sentence is none, this is the closing sentence.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The \"Thanx\" part is an expression of gratitude. Checking the codes, PartnershipProvider has a subcode called Appreciation/Gratitude. Since the provider is thanking the patient, this fits under PartnershipProvider's Appreciation/Gratitude subcode. The span here is \"Thanx\".\n\nThe phone number \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\" might be part of providing contact information. But looking at the codes, InfoGive's subcode could be Generalinformation since it's administrative info. However, the provider is giving their contact number, so maybe it's part of maintaining communication? Wait, the code for providing contact details might fall under Generalinformation under InfoGive. Alternatively, if it's part of care coordination, but the phone number itself is general info. \n\nWait, the phone number is likely part of the contact details, so under InfoGive's Generalinformation subcode. The span here is \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\".\n\nBut I should check if there's another code. The \"Thanx\" is clearly Appreciation/Gratitude under PartnershipProvider. The phone number could be part of providing contact info, which is general information. So two pairs here: one for the thanks and one for the phone number.\n\nWait, but the provider is sending their number. Maybe that's part of maintaining communication? The subcode \"maintainCommunication\" under PartnershipProvider? Let me check the definitions. \n\nLooking at PartnershipProvider's subcodes: maintainCommunication involves keeping the patient informed and engaged, like saying more details will be provided. The phone number might be part of providing contact for future communication, so maybe that's maintainCommunication. But the exact subcode for giving a phone number isn't explicitly listed. The Generalinformation subcode under InfoGive includes administrative info, so the phone number fits there. \n\nSo the two pairs would be:\n\n1. PartnershipProvider - Appreciation/Gratitude - \"Thanx\"\n2. InfoGive - Generalinformation - \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\"\n\nWait, but the phone number is part of the current sentence. The provider is giving their contact info, so that's providing information, hence InfoGive. The subcode Generalinformation is appropriate here. \n\nAlternatively, could the phone number be part of carecoordination? The subcode carecoordination under InfoGive is about organizing services. Maybe not exactly. Generalinformation is better. \n\nSo the final answer should have those two entries.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thanx\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"XXX-XXX-XXXX\"}]}"
] |
88 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello,\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "salutation", "Span": "Hello,"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hi Person1, I had an appointment today with Dr. Person2 at the Org4.\n Current sentence: I had blood work done and I like to leave a hard copy of the results with your office.\n Next sentence: Everything looks good except for my PSA which has gone from 2.93 in MM/DD/YYYY to 4.5 today (MM/DD/YYYY) according to the VA.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"I had blood work done\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"I like to leave a hard copy of the results with your office\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: He has two new growths on his right shin messaged Dr Person1 but was hoping derm or Dr Person2 could take a look.\n Current sentence: Thank you, Person3\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
"until": [
"JSON_END"
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"do_sample": false,
"temperature": 0,
"max_gen_toks": 1024
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is asking about a medication schedule.\n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The user starts with \"Hello,\" which is a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, \"Hello\" would be a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipPatient has a sub-code \"salutation\" for greeting the provider. So that's one pair: PartnershipPatient with salutation, span \"Hello\".\n\nNext, the rest of the sentence talks about checking the calendar and realizing the next appointment date. The key part here is mentioning the appointment date. The sub-code SchedulingAppt under InfoGive or InfoSeek. Since the patient is providing information about their appointment, it's InfoGive. The sub-code SchedulingAppt fits because it's about the date and time of the appointment. The span here would be \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\".\n\nWait, but the next sentence is a question about medication. The current sentence is stating the appointment date, so it's giving info, so InfoGive's SchedulingAppt. \n\nAre there any other codes here? The greeting is covered. The rest is about the appointment, so that's the main part. \n\nNo other elements like symptoms or diagnostics here. So the two pairs are:\n\n1. PartnershipPatient - salutation: \"Hello\"\n2. InfoGive - SchedulingAppt: \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\"\n\nI need to make sure the sub-codes are correctly under their codes. PartnershipPatient's salutation is correct. InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is a valid sub-code. \n\nNo other possible codes. The next sentence is a separate question, but the current sentence is focused on the appointment date and the greeting.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is asking about a medication schedule.\n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The user starts with \"Hello,\" which is a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, \"Hello\" would be a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipPatient has a sub-code \"salutation\" for greeting the provider. So that's one pair: PartnershipPatient with salutation, span \"Hello\".\n\nNext, the rest of the sentence talks about checking the calendar and realizing the next appointment date. The key part here is mentioning the appointment date. The sub-code SchedulingAppt under InfoGive or InfoSeek. Since the patient is providing information about their appointment, it's InfoGive. The sub-code SchedulingAppt fits because it's about the date and time of the appointment. The span here would be \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\".\n\nWait, but the next sentence is a question about medication. The current sentence is stating the appointment date, so it's giving info, so InfoGive's SchedulingAppt. \n\nAre there any other codes here? The greeting is covered. The rest is about the appointment, so that's the main part. \n\nNo other elements like symptoms or diagnostics here. So the two pairs are:\n\n1. PartnershipPatient - salutation: \"Hello\"\n2. InfoGive - SchedulingAppt: \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\"\n\nI need to make sure the sub-codes are correctly under their codes. PartnershipPatient's salutation is correct. InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is a valid sub-code. \n\nNo other possible codes. The next sentence is a separate question, but the current sentence is focused on the appointment date and the greeting.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 8e5f3bcfebffbf2a4e66dabc111878b3dc6ceb50cc396c39c525957098250611 | b12c20354331f4d482840a376154e0aace8b8c082e0e92d6d486ea2cefd58b0b | fe6b6e0589d9ba92d187e1870b74eecd57a28144e5a5217c91588111f9e570ee | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello,\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence is asking about a medication schedule.\n\nFirst, I need to analyze the current sentence. The user starts with \"Hello,\" which is a greeting. Since it's the opening sentence, \"Hello\" would be a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipPatient has a sub-code \"salutation\" for greeting the provider. So that's one pair: PartnershipPatient with salutation, span \"Hello\".\n\nNext, the rest of the sentence talks about checking the calendar and realizing the next appointment date. The key part here is mentioning the appointment date. The sub-code SchedulingAppt under InfoGive or InfoSeek. Since the patient is providing information about their appointment, it's InfoGive. The sub-code SchedulingAppt fits because it's about the date and time of the appointment. The span here would be \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\".\n\nWait, but the next sentence is a question about medication. The current sentence is stating the appointment date, so it's giving info, so InfoGive's SchedulingAppt. \n\nAre there any other codes here? The greeting is covered. The rest is about the appointment, so that's the main part. \n\nNo other elements like symptoms or diagnostics here. So the two pairs are:\n\n1. PartnershipPatient - salutation: \"Hello\"\n2. InfoGive - SchedulingAppt: \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\"\n\nI need to make sure the sub-codes are correctly under their codes. PartnershipPatient's salutation is correct. InfoGive's SchedulingAppt is a valid sub-code. \n\nNo other possible codes. The next sentence is a separate question, but the current sentence is focused on the appointment date and the greeting.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY\"}]}"
] |
89 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\n Next sentence: I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Dr. Person1, Hope you and your family are doing well.\n Next sentence: I have a close friend who had a hysterectomy, cancer, removed three weeks ago at Org4.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"connection\", \"Span\": \"Hope you and your family are doing well\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Person1, were you able to schedule my bone scan?\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"were you able to schedule my bone scan?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hello, I was just looking at my calendar and realized my next appt with Dr Person1 is MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\n Next sentence: I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\" and the previous and next sentences are about scheduling appointments and lab dates.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about dates related to their treatment. The previous sentence mentions an upcoming appointment with Dr. Person1 on a specific date, and the next sentence refers to finishing a week off and lab scheduling. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, the patient is asking if a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) is when they should start their next round of Ibrance, which is a drug. The key elements here are the date and the mention of the drug Ibrance. \n\nNow, checking the codes and subcodes. The question is about seeking information regarding the timing of a medication, which falls under InfoSeek. The subcode here would be Drugs since they're asking about when to start a specific drug. \n\nAdditionally, the sentence starts with \"That is MM/DD/YYYY\" which could relate to scheduling, but since the main focus is on the drug's start date, the primary code is InfoSeek with the Drugs subcode. \n\nI should also check if there's any other code applicable. The mention of the date might touch on SchedulingAppt, but the core of the question is about the medication's schedule, so Drugs is more accurate. \n\nNo other codes like PartnershipPatient or Socioemotional seem to apply here. The patient isn't expressing a preference or emotion, just seeking info on medication timing. \n\nSo the final pair should be InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, and the span would be \"start my next round of Ibrance\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"start my next round of Ibrance\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\" and the previous and next sentences are about scheduling appointments and lab dates.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about dates related to their treatment. The previous sentence mentions an upcoming appointment with Dr. Person1 on a specific date, and the next sentence refers to finishing a week off and lab scheduling. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, the patient is asking if a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) is when they should start their next round of Ibrance, which is a drug. The key elements here are the date and the mention of the drug Ibrance. \n\nNow, checking the codes and subcodes. The question is about seeking information regarding the timing of a medication, which falls under InfoSeek. The subcode here would be Drugs since they're asking about when to start a specific drug. \n\nAdditionally, the sentence starts with \"That is MM/DD/YYYY\" which could relate to scheduling, but since the main focus is on the drug's start date, the primary code is InfoSeek with the Drugs subcode. \n\nI should also check if there's any other code applicable. The mention of the date might touch on SchedulingAppt, but the core of the question is about the medication's schedule, so Drugs is more accurate. \n\nNo other codes like PartnershipPatient or Socioemotional seem to apply here. The patient isn't expressing a preference or emotion, just seeking info on medication timing. \n\nSo the final pair should be InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, and the span would be \"start my next round of Ibrance\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"start my next round of Ibrance\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | ed21c0ef05712a7d17e30c62f54beb4d2534ba3859b7fb34cb3aaab93c25a367 | 4482c42f00943ab6b150e1b6143e7c481a989e335d10adeab7e2adf2a654ed60 | f37abfe25292857295a88689bf4a9f1e00b2d01a5932a6348c705000ae3f0125 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\" and the previous and next sentences are about scheduling appointments and lab dates.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about dates related to their treatment. The previous sentence mentions an upcoming appointment with Dr. Person1 on a specific date, and the next sentence refers to finishing a week off and lab scheduling. \n\nLooking at the current sentence, the patient is asking if a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) is when they should start their next round of Ibrance, which is a drug. The key elements here are the date and the mention of the drug Ibrance. \n\nNow, checking the codes and subcodes. The question is about seeking information regarding the timing of a medication, which falls under InfoSeek. The subcode here would be Drugs since they're asking about when to start a specific drug. \n\nAdditionally, the sentence starts with \"That is MM/DD/YYYY\" which could relate to scheduling, but since the main focus is on the drug's start date, the primary code is InfoSeek with the Drugs subcode. \n\nI should also check if there's any other code applicable. The mention of the date might touch on SchedulingAppt, but the core of the question is about the medication's schedule, so Drugs is more accurate. \n\nNo other codes like PartnershipPatient or Socioemotional seem to apply here. The patient isn't expressing a preference or emotion, just seeking info on medication timing. \n\nSo the final pair should be InfoSeek with Drugs subcode, and the span would be \"start my next round of Ibrance\".\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"start my next round of Ibrance\"}]}"
] |
90 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\n Current sentence: I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\n Next sentence: The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I going to clean it with peroxide and see what happens.\n Current sentence: I also have an appt with Dr.Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY I can show him at that time also.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"I also have an appt with Dr.Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY I can show him at that time also\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: A test result for CEA came in but I don't know what that is.\n Current sentence: I have nothing to compare that to although it appears the numbers pretty high which is concerning.\n Next sentence: I was wondering if there was a reason for switching to a different test?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"I have nothing to compare that \"}, {\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"ExpressConcern/unease\", \"Span\": \"it appears the numbers pretty high which is concerning\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: That is MM/DD/YYYY I'm supposed to start my next round of Ibrance??\n Current sentence: I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\n Next sentence: The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\" The previous sentence mentions a date for starting Ibrance, and the next sentence talks about the pharmacy not having time to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is discussing their treatment schedule, specifically the dates for finishing a week off and when labs are scheduled. The next sentence indicates a problem with the pharmacy's timing, so the current sentence is providing specific dates related to their care coordination.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive's Sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times for appointments. The current sentence has two dates, both related to their medical schedule. The part \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and the parenthetical about labs being scheduled on another date both involve scheduling information. So that's probably InfoGive with SchedulingAppt.\n\nAdditionally, the mention of labs being scheduled could also relate to diagnostics, but the key here is the dates themselves. The next sentence's concern about the pharmacy's timing shows that the dates are part of coordinating care, so maybe carecoordination? Wait, the Sub-code for InfoGive's carecoordination is about organizing services. But the specific dates are more about scheduling appointments. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so maybe Diagnostics as a Sub-code? But the main point is the dates. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nInfoGive's SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for seeing a provider. The labs are a diagnostic test, so the part about labs being scheduled might fall under Diagnostics. But the main action here is providing the dates, so SchedulingAppt is the primary Sub-code here. The labs are part of the diagnostic process, so maybe that's a separate Sub-code. Let me parse the sentence again.\n\nThe first part: \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" – this is about the timeline of their treatment, possibly part of care coordination. The second part in parentheses mentions labs scheduled on another date. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so that's Diagnostics. So two Sub-codes here: SchedulingAppt for the dates, and Diagnostics for the labs.\n\nWait, but the labs are scheduled, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. But the labs themselves are a diagnostic test. So the mention of labs being scheduled could be both SchedulingAppt and Diagnostics. However, the Sub-code for SchedulingAppt is about the dates, while Diagnostics is about the procedure. So the span \"my labs are scheduled\" would be SchedulingAppt, and \"labs\" might relate to Diagnostics. Hmm, but the exact Sub-code definitions need to be considered.\n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is providing information about scheduling, so the main Code is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The part about labs being scheduled is part of that. The Diagnostics Sub-code would be if they were talking about the results or the need for the test, but here it's just the scheduling. So maybe just SchedulingAppt.\n\nWait, the next sentence is about the pharmacy's delivery timing, so the current sentence's dates are part of coordinating the care timeline. The labs are a diagnostic part of their care, so maybe the mention of labs being scheduled is under Diagnostics. But the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the process of identifying a disease through tests. The scheduling of the test is part of SchedulingAppt. So the labs' scheduling is SchedulingAppt, and the fact that they are labs (diagnostics) might not need a separate code unless the focus is on the test itself. Since the current sentence is about when things are happening, the primary codes are SchedulingAppt.\n\nTherefore, the spans would be \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY\" both under SchedulingAppt. But the entire sentence's main point is providing dates, so the entire sentence's key parts are about scheduling. Therefore, the Code-Subcode pairs would be InfoGive with SchedulingAppt for the dates mentioned. Additionally, the mention of labs could also be under Diagnostics, but the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the diagnostic process, not the scheduling. So maybe only SchedulingAppt here.\n\nWait, the labs are a diagnostic procedure, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. The fact that they are labs (a diagnostic test) might not add another Sub-code unless the focus is on the diagnostic aspect. Since the sentence is about when they're happening, the main Sub-code is SchedulingAppt. So the spans would be the parts with the dates. The first part \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and the parenthetical \"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\" The previous sentence mentions a date for starting Ibrance, and the next sentence talks about the pharmacy not having time to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is discussing their treatment schedule, specifically the dates for finishing a week off and when labs are scheduled. The next sentence indicates a problem with the pharmacy's timing, so the current sentence is providing specific dates related to their care coordination.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive's Sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times for appointments. The current sentence has two dates, both related to their medical schedule. The part \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and the parenthetical about labs being scheduled on another date both involve scheduling information. So that's probably InfoGive with SchedulingAppt.\n\nAdditionally, the mention of labs being scheduled could also relate to diagnostics, but the key here is the dates themselves. The next sentence's concern about the pharmacy's timing shows that the dates are part of coordinating care, so maybe carecoordination? Wait, the Sub-code for InfoGive's carecoordination is about organizing services. But the specific dates are more about scheduling appointments. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so maybe Diagnostics as a Sub-code? But the main point is the dates. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nInfoGive's SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for seeing a provider. The labs are a diagnostic test, so the part about labs being scheduled might fall under Diagnostics. But the main action here is providing the dates, so SchedulingAppt is the primary Sub-code here. The labs are part of the diagnostic process, so maybe that's a separate Sub-code. Let me parse the sentence again.\n\nThe first part: \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" – this is about the timeline of their treatment, possibly part of care coordination. The second part in parentheses mentions labs scheduled on another date. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so that's Diagnostics. So two Sub-codes here: SchedulingAppt for the dates, and Diagnostics for the labs.\n\nWait, but the labs are scheduled, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. But the labs themselves are a diagnostic test. So the mention of labs being scheduled could be both SchedulingAppt and Diagnostics. However, the Sub-code for SchedulingAppt is about the dates, while Diagnostics is about the procedure. So the span \"my labs are scheduled\" would be SchedulingAppt, and \"labs\" might relate to Diagnostics. Hmm, but the exact Sub-code definitions need to be considered.\n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is providing information about scheduling, so the main Code is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The part about labs being scheduled is part of that. The Diagnostics Sub-code would be if they were talking about the results or the need for the test, but here it's just the scheduling. So maybe just SchedulingAppt.\n\nWait, the next sentence is about the pharmacy's delivery timing, so the current sentence's dates are part of coordinating the care timeline. The labs are a diagnostic part of their care, so maybe the mention of labs being scheduled is under Diagnostics. But the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the process of identifying a disease through tests. The scheduling of the test is part of SchedulingAppt. So the labs' scheduling is SchedulingAppt, and the fact that they are labs (diagnostics) might not need a separate code unless the focus is on the test itself. Since the current sentence is about when things are happening, the primary codes are SchedulingAppt.\n\nTherefore, the spans would be \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY\" both under SchedulingAppt. But the entire sentence's main point is providing dates, so the entire sentence's key parts are about scheduling. Therefore, the Code-Subcode pairs would be InfoGive with SchedulingAppt for the dates mentioned. Additionally, the mention of labs could also be under Diagnostics, but the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the diagnostic process, not the scheduling. So maybe only SchedulingAppt here.\n\nWait, the labs are a diagnostic procedure, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. The fact that they are labs (a diagnostic test) might not add another Sub-code unless the focus is on the diagnostic aspect. Since the sentence is about when they're happening, the main Sub-code is SchedulingAppt. So the spans would be the parts with the dates. The first part \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and the parenthetical \"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 1360419aed422b0f2b0e022164b56ab5ecfa9dc8ec181c000304be2c19d41213 | 33e177221b4fed2d5497e101348f92637704934e35e11c8add5303fdca971256 | 3ce6a76dd2f495dd177f7c6e39b9f1119cd6d7ed05340d677f69d8c2bedd7846 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is: \"I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\" The previous sentence mentions a date for starting Ibrance, and the next sentence talks about the pharmacy not having time to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is discussing their treatment schedule, specifically the dates for finishing a week off and when labs are scheduled. The next sentence indicates a problem with the pharmacy's timing, so the current sentence is providing specific dates related to their care coordination.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive's Sub-code SchedulingAppt refers to dates and times for appointments. The current sentence has two dates, both related to their medical schedule. The part \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and the parenthetical about labs being scheduled on another date both involve scheduling information. So that's probably InfoGive with SchedulingAppt.\n\nAdditionally, the mention of labs being scheduled could also relate to diagnostics, but the key here is the dates themselves. The next sentence's concern about the pharmacy's timing shows that the dates are part of coordinating care, so maybe carecoordination? Wait, the Sub-code for InfoGive's carecoordination is about organizing services. But the specific dates are more about scheduling appointments. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so maybe Diagnostics as a Sub-code? But the main point is the dates. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nInfoGive's SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for seeing a provider. The labs are a diagnostic test, so the part about labs being scheduled might fall under Diagnostics. But the main action here is providing the dates, so SchedulingAppt is the primary Sub-code here. The labs are part of the diagnostic process, so maybe that's a separate Sub-code. Let me parse the sentence again.\n\nThe first part: \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" – this is about the timeline of their treatment, possibly part of care coordination. The second part in parentheses mentions labs scheduled on another date. The labs are a diagnostic procedure, so that's Diagnostics. So two Sub-codes here: SchedulingAppt for the dates, and Diagnostics for the labs.\n\nWait, but the labs are scheduled, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. But the labs themselves are a diagnostic test. So the mention of labs being scheduled could be both SchedulingAppt and Diagnostics. However, the Sub-code for SchedulingAppt is about the dates, while Diagnostics is about the procedure. So the span \"my labs are scheduled\" would be SchedulingAppt, and \"labs\" might relate to Diagnostics. Hmm, but the exact Sub-code definitions need to be considered.\n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is providing information about scheduling, so the main Code is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The part about labs being scheduled is part of that. The Diagnostics Sub-code would be if they were talking about the results or the need for the test, but here it's just the scheduling. So maybe just SchedulingAppt.\n\nWait, the next sentence is about the pharmacy's delivery timing, so the current sentence's dates are part of coordinating the care timeline. The labs are a diagnostic part of their care, so maybe the mention of labs being scheduled is under Diagnostics. But the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the process of identifying a disease through tests. The scheduling of the test is part of SchedulingAppt. So the labs' scheduling is SchedulingAppt, and the fact that they are labs (diagnostics) might not need a separate code unless the focus is on the test itself. Since the current sentence is about when things are happening, the primary codes are SchedulingAppt.\n\nTherefore, the spans would be \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY\" both under SchedulingAppt. But the entire sentence's main point is providing dates, so the entire sentence's key parts are about scheduling. Therefore, the Code-Subcode pairs would be InfoGive with SchedulingAppt for the dates mentioned. Additionally, the mention of labs could also be under Diagnostics, but the Sub-code for Diagnostics in InfoGive is about the diagnostic process, not the scheduling. So maybe only SchedulingAppt here.\n\nWait, the labs are a diagnostic procedure, so the act of scheduling them would be SchedulingAppt. The fact that they are labs (a diagnostic test) might not add another Sub-code unless the focus is on the diagnostic aspect. Since the sentence is about when they're happening, the main Sub-code is SchedulingAppt. So the spans would be the parts with the dates. The first part \"finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY\" and the parenthetical \"my labs are scheduled on MM/DD/YYYY"
] |
91 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\n Current sentence: The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\n Next sentence: Please advise.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi Paperwork was completed last week, but awaiting Dr. Person1's signature.\n Next sentence: I have asked Person2 to send it as soon as it is signed.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Paperwork was completed last week, but awaiting Dr. Person1's signature\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hopefully you got the report by now.\n Current sentence: Please let me know.\n Next sentence: Thank you.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"activeParticipation/involvement\", \"Span\": \"Please let me know\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I will be finishing my week off on MM/DD/YYYY ( MM/DD/YYYY my labs are scheduled).\n Current sentence: The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\n Next sentence: Please advise.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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} | [
[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" from the patient. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions the patient finishing their week off on a specific date and labs scheduled. The current sentence is a question about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same. The next sentence is \"Please advise,\" which shows the patient is seeking guidance.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the main focus here is on the patient seeking information. The question is about medication delivery timing, which relates to healthcare access and quality. Specifically, the subcode under InfoSeekSDOH could be HealthCareAccessAndQuality since it's about accessing necessary medications. \n\nAlternatively, since the patient is asking about medication delivery, maybe InfoSeek's Drugs subcode is relevant. But the key here is the timing and logistics, which might fall under HealthcareAccessAndQuality as it's about the effectiveness of receiving care (meds delivered on time). \n\nAlso, the patient is expressing a concern about the schedule affecting their medication delivery. This could also touch on Socioemotional/Empathy, like ExpressConcern/unease. But the primary intent here is seeking information to resolve an issue, so InfoSeekSDOH seems more accurate. \n\nChecking the subcodes again: InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode includes aspects like access to medications. The mention of the pharmacy not having time suggests a problem with accessing the medication, so that fits. \n\nAnother angle: The patient is questioning the current schedule's impact on medication delivery. This is seeking information about healthcare access, so the code would be InfoSeekSDOH with subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \n\nThe span here would be \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" but since we need the minimal span, maybe \"pharmacy...meds delivered\" but the exact wording? The entire sentence is a question, so the key part is about the pharmacy's timing affecting meds. \n\nAlternatively, the core is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\" which is the main concern. But the exact span should be the minimal part that triggers the code. \n\nWait, the entire sentence is a question about the schedule's impact on medication delivery. The key elements are \"pharmacy\", \"meds delivered\", and \"schedule\". The subcode under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality would fit because it's about the ability to obtain necessary medications. \n\nSo the code is InfoSeekSDOH, subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span would be \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule\". But maybe the minimal span is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\" as that's the core issue. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is the question, so the span is the entire sentence. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nThe subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoSeekSDOH includes seeking info about access to medications. The patient is asking if the current schedule allows the pharmacy to deliver meds in time. So the span should capture that concern. \n\nTherefore, the Code-Subcode pair is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" \n\nWait, but the next sentence is \"Please advise,\" which is a request for guidance, but the current sentence is the question. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek's Drugs subcode, since it's about medications. Let me check the subcodes again. \n\nInfoSeek's Drugs subcode is about seeking info on drugs. The question is about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds, which is about access to the drug. So maybe that's better under InfoSeek's Drugs subcode. \n\nHmm, the definition for InfoSeek's Drugs is seeking info about substances used for treatment. The patient is concerned about the delivery timing affecting access to their meds. So that's about access to the drug, which could be under either. \n\nThe HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode under InfoSeekSDOH includes \"Health Access\" as a focus. Since the patient is worried about the pharmacy's ability to deliver (access), that might fit better under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \n\nAlternatively, if the main issue is the medication itself, then InfoSeek's Drugs. But the problem is the timing and delivery, which is part of accessing the medication. \n\nI think the best fit is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality because it's about the system's ability to provide the medication in a timely manner, which is part of healthcare access. \n\nSo the final answer would be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \""
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" from the patient. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions the patient finishing their week off on a specific date and labs scheduled. The current sentence is a question about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same. The next sentence is \"Please advise,\" which shows the patient is seeking guidance.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the main focus here is on the patient seeking information. The question is about medication delivery timing, which relates to healthcare access and quality. Specifically, the subcode under InfoSeekSDOH could be HealthCareAccessAndQuality since it's about accessing necessary medications. \n\nAlternatively, since the patient is asking about medication delivery, maybe InfoSeek's Drugs subcode is relevant. But the key here is the timing and logistics, which might fall under HealthcareAccessAndQuality as it's about the effectiveness of receiving care (meds delivered on time). \n\nAlso, the patient is expressing a concern about the schedule affecting their medication delivery. This could also touch on Socioemotional/Empathy, like ExpressConcern/unease. But the primary intent here is seeking information to resolve an issue, so InfoSeekSDOH seems more accurate. \n\nChecking the subcodes again: InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode includes aspects like access to medications. The mention of the pharmacy not having time suggests a problem with accessing the medication, so that fits. \n\nAnother angle: The patient is questioning the current schedule's impact on medication delivery. This is seeking information about healthcare access, so the code would be InfoSeekSDOH with subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \n\nThe span here would be \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" but since we need the minimal span, maybe \"pharmacy...meds delivered\" but the exact wording? The entire sentence is a question, so the key part is about the pharmacy's timing affecting meds. \n\nAlternatively, the core is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\" which is the main concern. But the exact span should be the minimal part that triggers the code. \n\nWait, the entire sentence is a question about the schedule's impact on medication delivery. The key elements are \"pharmacy\", \"meds delivered\", and \"schedule\". The subcode under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality would fit because it's about the ability to obtain necessary medications. \n\nSo the code is InfoSeekSDOH, subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span would be \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule\". But maybe the minimal span is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\" as that's the core issue. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is the question, so the span is the entire sentence. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nThe subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoSeekSDOH includes seeking info about access to medications. The patient is asking if the current schedule allows the pharmacy to deliver meds in time. So the span should capture that concern. \n\nTherefore, the Code-Subcode pair is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" \n\nWait, but the next sentence is \"Please advise,\" which is a request for guidance, but the current sentence is the question. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek's Drugs subcode, since it's about medications. Let me check the subcodes again. \n\nInfoSeek's Drugs subcode is about seeking info on drugs. The question is about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds, which is about access to the drug. So maybe that's better under InfoSeek's Drugs subcode. \n\nHmm, the definition for InfoSeek's Drugs is seeking info about substances used for treatment. The patient is concerned about the delivery timing affecting access to their meds. So that's about access to the drug, which could be under either. \n\nThe HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode under InfoSeekSDOH includes \"Health Access\" as a focus. Since the patient is worried about the pharmacy's ability to deliver (access), that might fit better under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \n\nAlternatively, if the main issue is the medication itself, then InfoSeek's Drugs. But the problem is the timing and delivery, which is part of accessing the medication. \n\nI think the best fit is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality because it's about the system's ability to provide the medication in a timely manner, which is part of healthcare access. \n\nSo the final answer would be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \""
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 0bcd5caf651efb91d225deacfc41f5029a95e5314324b01bf3c604d39b60407a | e291ac78b3be1912b221d0f55235cca736fa280c46121719cdd8d84293baf353 | 54eba9f669632dfc70f55c30bcb39a9271ebd2dadfff2f57a420f16c1a5630be | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" from the patient. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions the patient finishing their week off on a specific date and labs scheduled. The current sentence is a question about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds if the schedule stays the same. The next sentence is \"Please advise,\" which shows the patient is seeking guidance.\n\nLooking at the codes and subcodes, the main focus here is on the patient seeking information. The question is about medication delivery timing, which relates to healthcare access and quality. Specifically, the subcode under InfoSeekSDOH could be HealthCareAccessAndQuality since it's about accessing necessary medications. \n\nAlternatively, since the patient is asking about medication delivery, maybe InfoSeek's Drugs subcode is relevant. But the key here is the timing and logistics, which might fall under HealthcareAccessAndQuality as it's about the effectiveness of receiving care (meds delivered on time). \n\nAlso, the patient is expressing a concern about the schedule affecting their medication delivery. This could also touch on Socioemotional/Empathy, like ExpressConcern/unease. But the primary intent here is seeking information to resolve an issue, so InfoSeekSDOH seems more accurate. \n\nChecking the subcodes again: InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode includes aspects like access to medications. The mention of the pharmacy not having time suggests a problem with accessing the medication, so that fits. \n\nAnother angle: The patient is questioning the current schedule's impact on medication delivery. This is seeking information about healthcare access, so the code would be InfoSeekSDOH with subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \n\nThe span here would be \"The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" but since we need the minimal span, maybe \"pharmacy...meds delivered\" but the exact wording? The entire sentence is a question, so the key part is about the pharmacy's timing affecting meds. \n\nAlternatively, the core is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\" which is the main concern. But the exact span should be the minimal part that triggers the code. \n\nWait, the entire sentence is a question about the schedule's impact on medication delivery. The key elements are \"pharmacy\", \"meds delivered\", and \"schedule\". The subcode under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality would fit because it's about the ability to obtain necessary medications. \n\nSo the code is InfoSeekSDOH, subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span would be \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule\". But maybe the minimal span is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered\" as that's the core issue. \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence is the question, so the span is the entire sentence. But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me check the definitions again. \n\nThe subcode HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoSeekSDOH includes seeking info about access to medications. The patient is asking if the current schedule allows the pharmacy to deliver meds in time. So the span should capture that concern. \n\nTherefore, the Code-Subcode pair is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality, and the span is \"pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\" \n\nWait, but the next sentence is \"Please advise,\" which is a request for guidance, but the current sentence is the question. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoSeek's Drugs subcode, since it's about medications. Let me check the subcodes again. \n\nInfoSeek's Drugs subcode is about seeking info on drugs. The question is about the pharmacy's ability to deliver meds, which is about access to the drug. So maybe that's better under InfoSeek's Drugs subcode. \n\nHmm, the definition for InfoSeek's Drugs is seeking info about substances used for treatment. The patient is concerned about the delivery timing affecting access to their meds. So that's about access to the drug, which could be under either. \n\nThe HealthCareAccessAndQuality subcode under InfoSeekSDOH includes \"Health Access\" as a focus. Since the patient is worried about the pharmacy's ability to deliver (access), that might fit better under InfoSeekSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality. \n\nAlternatively, if the main issue is the medication itself, then InfoSeek's Drugs. But the problem is the timing and delivery, which is part of accessing the medication. \n\nI think the best fit is InfoSeekSDOH with HealthCareAccessAndQuality because it's about the system's ability to provide the medication in a timely manner, which is part of healthcare access. \n\nSo the final answer would be:\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \""
] |
92 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\n Current sentence: Please advise.\n Next sentence: Thank you very much\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoSeek", "Sub-code": "Generalinformation", "Span": "Please advise"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: At this point of time can I please ask you to set up a virtual call with Dr Person2 as I want to Person3 with her re next steps in light of Dr Person4 recommendation.\n Current sentence: So no need to schedule anything besides the call with Dr Person2 Thank you for your help Best\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"So no need to schedule anything besides the call with Dr Person2\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you for your help\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Best\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: As of right now nationwide it is still being given to healthcare professionals first.\n Current sentence: We are thinking it will be available at major pharmacies first though.\n Next sentence: As we have more information we will update everyone.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"We are thinking it will be available at major pharmacies first though\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: The pharmacy won't have time to get my meds delivered to me if we keep this schedule?\n Current sentence: Please advise.\n Next sentence: Thank you very much\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Please advise.\" with the previous sentence being a concern about the pharmacy's schedule and the next sentence expressing thanks.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is worried that the current schedule won't allow the pharmacy enough time to deliver their medications. The next sentence is a thank you, so \"Please advise\" is in the middle of expressing a problem and showing gratitude.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The task is to find which codes and subcodes apply here. Let's start with the current sentence: \"Please advise.\" This sounds like the patient is asking for guidance or information. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking knowledge. The subcodes under InfoSeek include things like SchedulingAppt, Drugs, Generalinformation, etc. Since the patient is asking for advice on their medication delivery issue, which relates to scheduling or perhaps drugs, but \"please advise\" is a general request for information. \n\nThe subcode Generalinformation under InfoSeek fits here because the patient is seeking general guidance rather than specific drug info or appointment times. The span here is \"Please advise.\"\n\nNext, the next sentence is \"Thank you very much,\" which is an expression of gratitude. But the current sentence is \"Please advise,\" so the gratitude is in the next sentence. However, the current sentence itself doesn't include gratitude. \n\nLooking at PartnershipPatient's subcodes, Appreciation/Gratitude would be for the next sentence, but since we're only considering the current sentence, that's not part of this analysis. \n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient's \"expressOpinions\" or \"activeParticipation,\" but \"please advise\" is more of a request for information rather than expressing an opinion. \n\nAlternatively, under SharedDecisionPatient, \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for permission, but here it's more about seeking advice. \n\nSo the main code here is InfoSeek with the subcode Generalinformation. The span is \"Please advise.\"\n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. For example, if the advice is specifically about scheduling, but the previous sentence mentions the pharmacy's schedule, but the current sentence is a general request. Since the patient is seeking advice on the situation, which involves scheduling, maybe SchedulingAppt? But \"please advise\" is too general. The subcode Generalinformation is better here because it's a broad request for guidance. \n\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoSeek-Generalinformation with the span \"Please advise.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise.\"}]}"
]
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"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Please advise.\" with the previous sentence being a concern about the pharmacy's schedule and the next sentence expressing thanks.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is worried that the current schedule won't allow the pharmacy enough time to deliver their medications. The next sentence is a thank you, so \"Please advise\" is in the middle of expressing a problem and showing gratitude.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The task is to find which codes and subcodes apply here. Let's start with the current sentence: \"Please advise.\" This sounds like the patient is asking for guidance or information. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking knowledge. The subcodes under InfoSeek include things like SchedulingAppt, Drugs, Generalinformation, etc. Since the patient is asking for advice on their medication delivery issue, which relates to scheduling or perhaps drugs, but \"please advise\" is a general request for information. \n\nThe subcode Generalinformation under InfoSeek fits here because the patient is seeking general guidance rather than specific drug info or appointment times. The span here is \"Please advise.\"\n\nNext, the next sentence is \"Thank you very much,\" which is an expression of gratitude. But the current sentence is \"Please advise,\" so the gratitude is in the next sentence. However, the current sentence itself doesn't include gratitude. \n\nLooking at PartnershipPatient's subcodes, Appreciation/Gratitude would be for the next sentence, but since we're only considering the current sentence, that's not part of this analysis. \n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient's \"expressOpinions\" or \"activeParticipation,\" but \"please advise\" is more of a request for information rather than expressing an opinion. \n\nAlternatively, under SharedDecisionPatient, \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for permission, but here it's more about seeking advice. \n\nSo the main code here is InfoSeek with the subcode Generalinformation. The span is \"Please advise.\"\n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. For example, if the advice is specifically about scheduling, but the previous sentence mentions the pharmacy's schedule, but the current sentence is a general request. Since the patient is seeking advice on the situation, which involves scheduling, maybe SchedulingAppt? But \"please advise\" is too general. The subcode Generalinformation is better here because it's a broad request for guidance. \n\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoSeek-Generalinformation with the span \"Please advise.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise.\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | d33e9201da77f432293e160098ad97667ad5b61e15f16284e9b1a6355b574f79 | c665c713c783d82262f7d7a03d240bab008e4c0481236d5926a907a6e9f42c54 | f266d52ae8128614fea291bcafc495727fd72257f2bf3825879afd728151c4a4 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The input is from a patient, and the current sentence is \"Please advise.\" with the previous sentence being a concern about the pharmacy's schedule and the next sentence expressing thanks.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is worried that the current schedule won't allow the pharmacy enough time to deliver their medications. The next sentence is a thank you, so \"Please advise\" is in the middle of expressing a problem and showing gratitude.\n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The task is to find which codes and subcodes apply here. Let's start with the current sentence: \"Please advise.\" This sounds like the patient is asking for guidance or information. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about seeking knowledge. The subcodes under InfoSeek include things like SchedulingAppt, Drugs, Generalinformation, etc. Since the patient is asking for advice on their medication delivery issue, which relates to scheduling or perhaps drugs, but \"please advise\" is a general request for information. \n\nThe subcode Generalinformation under InfoSeek fits here because the patient is seeking general guidance rather than specific drug info or appointment times. The span here is \"Please advise.\"\n\nNext, the next sentence is \"Thank you very much,\" which is an expression of gratitude. But the current sentence is \"Please advise,\" so the gratitude is in the next sentence. However, the current sentence itself doesn't include gratitude. \n\nLooking at PartnershipPatient's subcodes, Appreciation/Gratitude would be for the next sentence, but since we're only considering the current sentence, that's not part of this analysis. \n\nAnother possible code is PartnershipPatient's \"expressOpinions\" or \"activeParticipation,\" but \"please advise\" is more of a request for information rather than expressing an opinion. \n\nAlternatively, under SharedDecisionPatient, \"SeekingApproval\" is when the patient asks for permission, but here it's more about seeking advice. \n\nSo the main code here is InfoSeek with the subcode Generalinformation. The span is \"Please advise.\"\n\nI should check if there are other possible codes. For example, if the advice is specifically about scheduling, but the previous sentence mentions the pharmacy's schedule, but the current sentence is a general request. Since the patient is seeking advice on the situation, which involves scheduling, maybe SchedulingAppt? But \"please advise\" is too general. The subcode Generalinformation is better here because it's a broad request for guidance. \n\nTherefore, the correct code-subcode pair is InfoSeek-Generalinformation with the span \"Please advise.\"\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise.\"}]}"
] |
93 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Please advise.\n Current sentence: Thank you very much\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you very much\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipPatient", "Sub-code": "signoff", "Span": "Thank you very much"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi , My dad is on the 8th floor right now waiting for infusion #3.\n Next sentence: We have an apt with Dr Person3 tmrw at 9:10.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I don see it on my MyChart.\n Current sentence: Thanks!\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thanks!\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Please advise.\n Current sentence: Thank you very much\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Thank you very much\" and it's the closing sentence since the next sentence is None. The previous sentence is \"Please advise,\" which seems like a request for information or guidance.\n\nFirst, I need to determine the relevant codes. The current sentence is an expression of gratitude. Looking at the codes related to partnership, specifically PartnershipPatient or PartnershipProvider. Since the patient is the one speaking, it's likely PartnershipPatient. \n\nLooking at the sub-codes for PartnershipPatient, there's \"Appreciation/Gratitude\" which fits here. The span is clearly \"Thank you very much.\" \n\nWait, but there's also the \"signoff\" sub-code. The definition says signoff is indicating the message is complete in a polite way. \"Thank you\" can serve both as appreciation and a polite closing. However, the instructions mention that \"salutation\" and \"signoff\" are about the start or end of the message. Since this is the closing sentence, \"signoff\" might also apply. But the primary intent here is expressing gratitude. \n\nThe Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code is under PartnershipPatient, so that's the main one. The \"signoff\" is more about ending the message, but \"Thank you\" is more about gratitude. So the correct pair is PartnershipPatient with Appreciation/Gratitude. \n\nI should check if there's any other code that might apply. InfoGive or InfoSeek don't fit here. Socioemotional/Empathy has PositiveRemarks, but that's more for acknowledging efforts, not general thanks. So the best fit is PartnershipPatient's Appreciation/Gratitude.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you very much\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Thank you very much\" and it's the closing sentence since the next sentence is None. The previous sentence is \"Please advise,\" which seems like a request for information or guidance.\n\nFirst, I need to determine the relevant codes. The current sentence is an expression of gratitude. Looking at the codes related to partnership, specifically PartnershipPatient or PartnershipProvider. Since the patient is the one speaking, it's likely PartnershipPatient. \n\nLooking at the sub-codes for PartnershipPatient, there's \"Appreciation/Gratitude\" which fits here. The span is clearly \"Thank you very much.\" \n\nWait, but there's also the \"signoff\" sub-code. The definition says signoff is indicating the message is complete in a polite way. \"Thank you\" can serve both as appreciation and a polite closing. However, the instructions mention that \"salutation\" and \"signoff\" are about the start or end of the message. Since this is the closing sentence, \"signoff\" might also apply. But the primary intent here is expressing gratitude. \n\nThe Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code is under PartnershipPatient, so that's the main one. The \"signoff\" is more about ending the message, but \"Thank you\" is more about gratitude. So the correct pair is PartnershipPatient with Appreciation/Gratitude. \n\nI should check if there's any other code that might apply. InfoGive or InfoSeek don't fit here. Socioemotional/Empathy has PositiveRemarks, but that's more for acknowledging efforts, not general thanks. So the best fit is PartnershipPatient's Appreciation/Gratitude.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you very much\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 6fa684bdfacc988e56df48322b86a97929bc64aadf8c9248d609fff8fd6999b1 | 863fa75db321f1a2400ea323f314dc9e463d54cec5a6c898c605a4127b539e9a | f5e1e84091a040fb6eb54468e9b7a75edec5910c35d9c522d0c5dd6b3c1a463a | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank you very much\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Thank you very much\" and it's the closing sentence since the next sentence is None. The previous sentence is \"Please advise,\" which seems like a request for information or guidance.\n\nFirst, I need to determine the relevant codes. The current sentence is an expression of gratitude. Looking at the codes related to partnership, specifically PartnershipPatient or PartnershipProvider. Since the patient is the one speaking, it's likely PartnershipPatient. \n\nLooking at the sub-codes for PartnershipPatient, there's \"Appreciation/Gratitude\" which fits here. The span is clearly \"Thank you very much.\" \n\nWait, but there's also the \"signoff\" sub-code. The definition says signoff is indicating the message is complete in a polite way. \"Thank you\" can serve both as appreciation and a polite closing. However, the instructions mention that \"salutation\" and \"signoff\" are about the start or end of the message. Since this is the closing sentence, \"signoff\" might also apply. But the primary intent here is expressing gratitude. \n\nThe Appreciation/Gratitude sub-code is under PartnershipPatient, so that's the main one. The \"signoff\" is more about ending the message, but \"Thank you\" is more about gratitude. So the correct pair is PartnershipPatient with Appreciation/Gratitude. \n\nI should check if there's any other code that might apply. InfoGive or InfoSeek don't fit here. Socioemotional/Empathy has PositiveRemarks, but that's more for acknowledging efforts, not general thanks. So the best fit is PartnershipPatient's Appreciation/Gratitude.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Appreciation/Gratitude\", \"Span\": \"Thank you very much\"}]}"
] |
94 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\n Next sentence: You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello,\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "PartnershipProvider", "Sub-code": "salutation", "Span": "Hello,"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Diagnostics", "Span": "Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Dr Person1 a couple questions for insurance.\n Next sentence: 1 is my cancer considered to be in remission?\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeekSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"a couple questions for insurance\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Mr. Person1 I reviewed with Dr. Person2 continue with plan for surgery and to meet with them... thank you Person3\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"I reviewed with Dr. Person2 continue with plan for surgery and to meet with them\"}, {\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"thank you\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\n Next sentence: You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\" The provider is the one speaking here. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions lab work being drawn at specific locations before a visit. \n\nStarting with the first part: \"Hello,\". Since this is the opening sentence, \"Hello\" is likely a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipProvider has a sub-code called salutation, which fits here because the provider is greeting the patient.\n\nNext, the main part: \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\" This seems like providing information about lab work orders. The Epic system is an EHR, so this is part of care coordination. The InfoGive code's sub-code carecoordination matches because it's about organizing healthcare services. The span here would be \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\"\n\nNow checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence talks about where to get the lab work done and a date, which supports the idea that the first sentence is about care coordination setup. \n\nNo other codes seem to apply here. The \"Hello\" is clearly a salutation under PartnershipProvider. The rest is care coordination under InfoGive. No other sub-codes fit here. So the final pairs should be those two.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\" The provider is the one speaking here. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions lab work being drawn at specific locations before a visit. \n\nStarting with the first part: \"Hello,\". Since this is the opening sentence, \"Hello\" is likely a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipProvider has a sub-code called salutation, which fits here because the provider is greeting the patient.\n\nNext, the main part: \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\" This seems like providing information about lab work orders. The Epic system is an EHR, so this is part of care coordination. The InfoGive code's sub-code carecoordination matches because it's about organizing healthcare services. The span here would be \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\"\n\nNow checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence talks about where to get the lab work done and a date, which supports the idea that the first sentence is about care coordination setup. \n\nNo other codes seem to apply here. The \"Hello\" is clearly a salutation under PartnershipProvider. The rest is care coordination under InfoGive. No other sub-codes fit here. So the final pairs should be those two.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 731c80fe28027d79cefca5f4684e1f61b1662e27d0409ba9d79ce8fdacf1a4f5 | 467d1a7933a0775bbf02419b933c72278c1de8ca1d69b4c548d5684a5b95515f | ee70846aab6f01217bcde2928d7867cbed9e1dd71b365d9251f95889030bfe09 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello,\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Diagnostics\", \"Span\": \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is \"Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\" The provider is the one speaking here. \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence is None, so this is the opening sentence. The next sentence mentions lab work being drawn at specific locations before a visit. \n\nStarting with the first part: \"Hello,\". Since this is the opening sentence, \"Hello\" is likely a salutation. Looking at the codes, PartnershipProvider has a sub-code called salutation, which fits here because the provider is greeting the patient.\n\nNext, the main part: \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\" This seems like providing information about lab work orders. The Epic system is an EHR, so this is part of care coordination. The InfoGive code's sub-code carecoordination matches because it's about organizing healthcare services. The span here would be \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\"\n\nNow checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence talks about where to get the lab work done and a date, which supports the idea that the first sentence is about care coordination setup. \n\nNo other codes seem to apply here. The \"Hello\" is clearly a salutation under PartnershipProvider. The rest is care coordination under InfoGive. No other sub-codes fit here. So the final pairs should be those two.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hello\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"carecoordination\", \"Span\": \"Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work\"}]}"
] |
95 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\n Current sentence: You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\n Next sentence: The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGiveSDOH", "Sub-code": "HealthCareAccessAndQuality", "Span": "You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Hi, The insurance is driving me nuts.\n Next sentence: I did as they asked, but now they will not approve to fill only a 10 day supply.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"salutation\", \"Span\": \"Hi\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"The insurance is driving me nuts\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Please let us know if you are COVID positive.\n Current sentence: Thanks! Person2, MD\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thanks\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hello, Orders have been entered into the Epic system for lab work.\n Current sentence: You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\n Next sentence: The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from a provider and says: \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions lab orders entered into Epic, and the next talks about pharmacy delivery. The current sentence is giving instructions about where and when to get the lab work done.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance. The sentence is telling the patient where to go, so that's InfoGive. The sub-code here would be Instruction since it's giving directions. The span here is \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\"\n\nWait, but there's also a date involved. The date is part of the scheduling? Let me check the sub-codes again. SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for appointments. The sentence includes a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) related to when the lab should be done before a visit. So maybe there's another code here. \n\nThe main instruction is about where to get the lab done, which is an instruction. The date is part of the instruction's timing. So the primary sub-code under InfoGive would be Instruction. The date is part of that instruction span. \n\nNo other codes seem to fit here. Partnership codes are about building relationships, but this is purely instructional. SharedDecision isn't involved here. So the only code-subcode pair is InfoGive with Instruction, covering the entire instruction including the date and location.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from a provider and says: \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions lab orders entered into Epic, and the next talks about pharmacy delivery. The current sentence is giving instructions about where and when to get the lab work done.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance. The sentence is telling the patient where to go, so that's InfoGive. The sub-code here would be Instruction since it's giving directions. The span here is \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\"\n\nWait, but there's also a date involved. The date is part of the scheduling? Let me check the sub-codes again. SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for appointments. The sentence includes a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) related to when the lab should be done before a visit. So maybe there's another code here. \n\nThe main instruction is about where to get the lab done, which is an instruction. The date is part of the instruction's timing. So the primary sub-code under InfoGive would be Instruction. The date is part of that instruction span. \n\nNo other codes seem to fit here. Partnership codes are about building relationships, but this is purely instructional. SharedDecision isn't involved here. So the only code-subcode pair is InfoGive with Instruction, covering the entire instruction including the date and location.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
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"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The current sentence is from a provider and says: \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The previous sentence mentions lab orders entered into Epic, and the next talks about pharmacy delivery. The current sentence is giving instructions about where and when to get the lab work done.\n\nLooking at the codes, InfoGive is about providing guidance. The sentence is telling the patient where to go, so that's InfoGive. The sub-code here would be Instruction since it's giving directions. The span here is \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\"\n\nWait, but there's also a date involved. The date is part of the scheduling? Let me check the sub-codes again. SchedulingAppt is about dates and times for appointments. The sentence includes a specific date (MM/DD/YYYY) related to when the lab should be done before a visit. So maybe there's another code here. \n\nThe main instruction is about where to get the lab done, which is an instruction. The date is part of the instruction's timing. So the primary sub-code under InfoGive would be Instruction. The date is part of that instruction span. \n\nNo other codes seem to fit here. Partnership codes are about building relationships, but this is purely instructional. SharedDecision isn't involved here. So the only code-subcode pair is InfoGive with Instruction, covering the entire instruction including the date and location.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Instruction\", \"Span\": \"You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1\"}]}"
] |
96 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\n Current sentence: The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\n Next sentence: Jessica RN OCN\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"can do same day delivery if needed\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Generalinformation", "Span": "can do same day delivery if needed"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: He says it is a-okay for Person2 to have it done at G Hosp, considering how difficult it is for Person2 to travel.\n Current sentence: Please advise me how to submit this to G Hosp, or if you can assist me in doing that.\n Next sentence: many thanks.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"Please advise me how to submit this to\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"if you can assist me in doing that\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: HI Person1I was contacted by the Org2 insurance again .\n Current sentence: My treatment plan changed from every 3weeks to every week so they want the 3 changed to 1 every thing else stays same on the original paperwork and initial and refax.\n Next sentence: Let me know if you are able to do this before my next treatment or they will deny like they did last time and if you can put somewhere effective date was when I got the new treatment Approx 3 weeks back Thank you\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"they want the 3 changed to 1 every thing else stays same on the original paperwork and initial and refax\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: You can have this drawn at any any of the L&M draw stations MM/DD/YYYY before your visit with Dr Person1.\n Current sentence: The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\n Next sentence: Jessica RN OCN\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
"until": [
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The task is to analyze the current sentence from the provider and identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. The current sentence is: \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context by looking at the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence mentions that the patient can have something drawn at L&M draw stations before a visit. The next sentence is a signature from Jessica RN OCN. \n\nNow, focusing on the current sentence. The provider is talking about the pharmacy's efficiency in delivering medications, specifically mentioning same-day delivery. \n\nLooking at the codes, let's start with the possible categories. The sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's services, which relates to healthcare access and quality. The code InfoGiveSDOH has a sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality, which includes aspects like access to necessary health services and the effectiveness of care. The mention of the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery fits under this because it's about the availability and timeliness of medication delivery, which is part of healthcare access.\n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, which involves providing guidance or information. The sub-code here could be Generalinformation since the provider is giving logistical info about the pharmacy's services. However, the definition of InfoGive's Generalinformation is administrative or logistical info not directly related to medical treatment. The pharmacy's delivery service is part of healthcare access, so maybe HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH is more accurate.\n\nWait, let me check the sub-codes again. InfoGiveSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality includes insurance, health access, etc. The pharmacy's ability to deliver meds quickly relates to access to necessary medications, so that's a good fit. \n\nIs there another code? PartnershipProvider? The sentence isn't about collaboration or building trust, so probably not. SharedDecision or Socioemotional don't seem relevant here. \n\nSo the main code is InfoGiveSDOH with sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality. The span would be \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me see: \"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\" and \"can do same day delivery if needed\" both relate to the pharmacy's service efficiency. Maybe split into two spans? Wait, the instruction says to extract minimal specific spans for each pair. Since both parts of the sentence are about the pharmacy's service, maybe the entire sentence is one span. But the example in the previous problem had two entries for the same code. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nThe sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH includes \"access to necessary health services\" and \"effectiveness of care\". The sentence is providing info about the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery, which are about access and quality. So the entire sentence is one span for that code-subcode pair. \n\nAlternatively, maybe the first part \"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\" and the second part \"can do same day delivery if needed\" are separate, but the instruction says minimal spans. Since the entire sentence is a single statement about the pharmacy's services, it's better to have one span here. \n\nWait, but the example in the previous input had two entries for the same code because there were two separate requests. In this case, the current sentence is a single statement, so one span. \n\nTherefore, the result should be:\n\n{\n \"results\": [\n {\n \"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\",\n \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\",\n \"Span\": \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\"\n }\n ]\n}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The task is to analyze the current sentence from the provider and identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. The current sentence is: \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context by looking at the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence mentions that the patient can have something drawn at L&M draw stations before a visit. The next sentence is a signature from Jessica RN OCN. \n\nNow, focusing on the current sentence. The provider is talking about the pharmacy's efficiency in delivering medications, specifically mentioning same-day delivery. \n\nLooking at the codes, let's start with the possible categories. The sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's services, which relates to healthcare access and quality. The code InfoGiveSDOH has a sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality, which includes aspects like access to necessary health services and the effectiveness of care. The mention of the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery fits under this because it's about the availability and timeliness of medication delivery, which is part of healthcare access.\n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, which involves providing guidance or information. The sub-code here could be Generalinformation since the provider is giving logistical info about the pharmacy's services. However, the definition of InfoGive's Generalinformation is administrative or logistical info not directly related to medical treatment. The pharmacy's delivery service is part of healthcare access, so maybe HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH is more accurate.\n\nWait, let me check the sub-codes again. InfoGiveSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality includes insurance, health access, etc. The pharmacy's ability to deliver meds quickly relates to access to necessary medications, so that's a good fit. \n\nIs there another code? PartnershipProvider? The sentence isn't about collaboration or building trust, so probably not. SharedDecision or Socioemotional don't seem relevant here. \n\nSo the main code is InfoGiveSDOH with sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality. The span would be \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me see: \"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\" and \"can do same day delivery if needed\" both relate to the pharmacy's service efficiency. Maybe split into two spans? Wait, the instruction says to extract minimal specific spans for each pair. Since both parts of the sentence are about the pharmacy's service, maybe the entire sentence is one span. But the example in the previous problem had two entries for the same code. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nThe sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH includes \"access to necessary health services\" and \"effectiveness of care\". The sentence is providing info about the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery, which are about access and quality. So the entire sentence is one span for that code-subcode pair. \n\nAlternatively, maybe the first part \"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\" and the second part \"can do same day delivery if needed\" are separate, but the instruction says minimal spans. Since the entire sentence is a single statement about the pharmacy's services, it's better to have one span here. \n\nWait, but the example in the previous input had two entries for the same code because there were two separate requests. In this case, the current sentence is a single statement, so one span. \n\nTherefore, the result should be:\n\n{\n \"results\": [\n {\n \"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\",\n \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\",\n \"Span\": \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\"\n }\n ]\n}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | a1f5e63bee92c8301c40448b6f7c47e78e41eb01bfbdeb71dbdfc77ee4c37350 | cf8e6b7d2abb119827ea4d94d42ad32c6a9376e4c5bf35c2a3b9bc3fc2add274 | bc7cda7675d50c011ef4759a093e052a20d33de95f8a5db13331f5f9f5df6a00 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Generalinformation\", \"Span\": \"can do same day delivery if needed\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this step by step. The task is to analyze the current sentence from the provider and identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. The current sentence is: \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\" \n\nFirst, I need to understand the context by looking at the previous and next sentences. The previous sentence mentions that the patient can have something drawn at L&M draw stations before a visit. The next sentence is a signature from Jessica RN OCN. \n\nNow, focusing on the current sentence. The provider is talking about the pharmacy's efficiency in delivering medications, specifically mentioning same-day delivery. \n\nLooking at the codes, let's start with the possible categories. The sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's services, which relates to healthcare access and quality. The code InfoGiveSDOH has a sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality, which includes aspects like access to necessary health services and the effectiveness of care. The mention of the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery fits under this because it's about the availability and timeliness of medication delivery, which is part of healthcare access.\n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive, which involves providing guidance or information. The sub-code here could be Generalinformation since the provider is giving logistical info about the pharmacy's services. However, the definition of InfoGive's Generalinformation is administrative or logistical info not directly related to medical treatment. The pharmacy's delivery service is part of healthcare access, so maybe HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH is more accurate.\n\nWait, let me check the sub-codes again. InfoGiveSDOH's HealthCareAccessAndQuality includes insurance, health access, etc. The pharmacy's ability to deliver meds quickly relates to access to necessary medications, so that's a good fit. \n\nIs there another code? PartnershipProvider? The sentence isn't about collaboration or building trust, so probably not. SharedDecision or Socioemotional don't seem relevant here. \n\nSo the main code is InfoGiveSDOH with sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality. The span would be \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed.\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let me see: \"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\" and \"can do same day delivery if needed\" both relate to the pharmacy's service efficiency. Maybe split into two spans? Wait, the instruction says to extract minimal specific spans for each pair. Since both parts of the sentence are about the pharmacy's service, maybe the entire sentence is one span. But the example in the previous problem had two entries for the same code. Let me check the definitions again.\n\nThe sub-code HealthCareAccessAndQuality under InfoGiveSDOH includes \"access to necessary health services\" and \"effectiveness of care\". The sentence is providing info about the pharmacy's quick service and same-day delivery, which are about access and quality. So the entire sentence is one span for that code-subcode pair. \n\nAlternatively, maybe the first part \"pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients\" and the second part \"can do same day delivery if needed\" are separate, but the instruction says minimal spans. Since the entire sentence is a single statement about the pharmacy's services, it's better to have one span here. \n\nWait, but the example in the previous input had two entries for the same code because there were two separate requests. In this case, the current sentence is a single statement, so one span. \n\nTherefore, the result should be:\n\n{\n \"results\": [\n {\n \"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\",\n \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\",\n \"Span\": \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\"\n }\n ]\n}\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGiveSDOH\", \"Sub-code\": \"HealthCareAccessAndQuality\", \"Span\": \"The pharmacy is pretty quick to get meds out to patients and can do same day delivery if needed\"}]}"
] |
97 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I see Dr Person1 on\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done"}, {"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "I see Dr Person1 on"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: He is having an MRI Today at Org2.\n Current sentence: I will be getting a disc.\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"I will be getting a disc\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Cool\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"Alignment\", \"Span\": \"Cool\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: None\n Current sentence: Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
"arg_1": {
"until": [
"JSON_END"
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"do_sample": false,
"temperature": 0,
"max_gen_toks": 1024
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is the patient's current sentence: \"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" The next sentence is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence is None, so the current sentence is the opening one.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about their lab work and an appointment with Dr. Person1 on specific dates. The next sentence is a question about rescheduling the appointment earlier. \n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The main goal is to identify which codes and subcodes apply to the current sentence. Let's start with the current sentence. \n\nThe sentence mentions scheduling lab work and an appointment. The key here is the dates and the scheduling aspect. The code InfoGive has a subcode SchedulingAppt, which refers to dates and times related to seeing a provider. Since the patient is providing information about their scheduled lab and appointment dates, this fits under InfoGive with the SchedulingAppt subcode. \n\nAdditionally, the next sentence asks if they can go before the scheduled date, which is a request to change the appointment. But the current sentence is just stating the existing schedule, so the focus is on providing that information. \n\nAre there any other codes? Let's check other possibilities. The PartnershipPatient code involves things like alignment, appreciation, etc. The current sentence doesn't express any opinion or preference beyond stating the schedule, so probably not. \n\nThe InfoSeek code is about seeking information, but the current sentence is giving info, not seeking. The next sentence is the one seeking, but we're only looking at the current sentence here. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive's subcode carecoordination, but that's more about integrating services. The mention of lab work and an appointment might be part of care coordination, but the specific subcode for dates is SchedulingAppt. \n\nSo the main pair here is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let's see: \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" are the parts about scheduling. However, the minimal span that captures both could be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe the entire phrase \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" is the span. Wait, but the instruction says to extract the minimal specific span. Alternatively, each date part could be separate, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause about scheduling both lab and appointment is the key. \n\nAlternatively, the key elements are the dates and the scheduling, so the minimal span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe even more minimal: \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" but since they are connected by 'and', perhaps the entire phrase is the span. \n\nAlternatively, the minimal span could be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\", but perhaps the exact dates are important. However, the subcode SchedulingAppt includes dates, so the dates are part of the evidence. \n\nTherefore, the span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe the minimal span is \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is the scheduling of both lab and appointment, so the entire sentence's relevant part is the scheduling info. \n\nSo the final code-subcode pair is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". \n\nWait, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Maybe each part can be split, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause is acceptable. Alternatively, the minimal span could be \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\", but since they are connected by 'and', maybe the entire phrase is the minimal span. \n\nAlternatively, the key is the scheduling of the lab and the appointment, so the minimal span would be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But perhaps the exact dates are necessary. \n\nAlternatively, the entire phrase \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" is the span. \n\nTherefore,"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is the patient's current sentence: \"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" The next sentence is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence is None, so the current sentence is the opening one.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about their lab work and an appointment with Dr. Person1 on specific dates. The next sentence is a question about rescheduling the appointment earlier. \n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The main goal is to identify which codes and subcodes apply to the current sentence. Let's start with the current sentence. \n\nThe sentence mentions scheduling lab work and an appointment. The key here is the dates and the scheduling aspect. The code InfoGive has a subcode SchedulingAppt, which refers to dates and times related to seeing a provider. Since the patient is providing information about their scheduled lab and appointment dates, this fits under InfoGive with the SchedulingAppt subcode. \n\nAdditionally, the next sentence asks if they can go before the scheduled date, which is a request to change the appointment. But the current sentence is just stating the existing schedule, so the focus is on providing that information. \n\nAre there any other codes? Let's check other possibilities. The PartnershipPatient code involves things like alignment, appreciation, etc. The current sentence doesn't express any opinion or preference beyond stating the schedule, so probably not. \n\nThe InfoSeek code is about seeking information, but the current sentence is giving info, not seeking. The next sentence is the one seeking, but we're only looking at the current sentence here. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive's subcode carecoordination, but that's more about integrating services. The mention of lab work and an appointment might be part of care coordination, but the specific subcode for dates is SchedulingAppt. \n\nSo the main pair here is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let's see: \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" are the parts about scheduling. However, the minimal span that captures both could be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe the entire phrase \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" is the span. Wait, but the instruction says to extract the minimal specific span. Alternatively, each date part could be separate, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause about scheduling both lab and appointment is the key. \n\nAlternatively, the key elements are the dates and the scheduling, so the minimal span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe even more minimal: \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" but since they are connected by 'and', perhaps the entire phrase is the span. \n\nAlternatively, the minimal span could be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\", but perhaps the exact dates are important. However, the subcode SchedulingAppt includes dates, so the dates are part of the evidence. \n\nTherefore, the span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe the minimal span is \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is the scheduling of both lab and appointment, so the entire sentence's relevant part is the scheduling info. \n\nSo the final code-subcode pair is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". \n\nWait, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Maybe each part can be split, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause is acceptable. Alternatively, the minimal span could be \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\", but since they are connected by 'and', maybe the entire phrase is the minimal span. \n\nAlternatively, the key is the scheduling of the lab and the appointment, so the minimal span would be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But perhaps the exact dates are necessary. \n\nAlternatively, the entire phrase \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" is the span. \n\nTherefore,"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 41b7bb11c01c4073e579ed8be34c258cdd875cdff975714f38ead1b340030dfe | b679d954cb6e1928f3706fbd5e9d6039a723d92fb1cf7ca5f4fe300b73173435 | 6b5c3f75e6604fc22a0587914543a1220630e48ef97374fc71328e7edc182f9a | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done\"}, {\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"I see Dr Person1 on\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The input is the patient's current sentence: \"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" The next sentence is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The previous sentence is None, so the current sentence is the opening one.\n\nFirst, I need to understand the context. The patient is talking about their lab work and an appointment with Dr. Person1 on specific dates. The next sentence is a question about rescheduling the appointment earlier. \n\nNow, looking at the codes and subcodes. The main goal is to identify which codes and subcodes apply to the current sentence. Let's start with the current sentence. \n\nThe sentence mentions scheduling lab work and an appointment. The key here is the dates and the scheduling aspect. The code InfoGive has a subcode SchedulingAppt, which refers to dates and times related to seeing a provider. Since the patient is providing information about their scheduled lab and appointment dates, this fits under InfoGive with the SchedulingAppt subcode. \n\nAdditionally, the next sentence asks if they can go before the scheduled date, which is a request to change the appointment. But the current sentence is just stating the existing schedule, so the focus is on providing that information. \n\nAre there any other codes? Let's check other possibilities. The PartnershipPatient code involves things like alignment, appreciation, etc. The current sentence doesn't express any opinion or preference beyond stating the schedule, so probably not. \n\nThe InfoSeek code is about seeking information, but the current sentence is giving info, not seeking. The next sentence is the one seeking, but we're only looking at the current sentence here. \n\nAnother possible code is InfoGive's subcode carecoordination, but that's more about integrating services. The mention of lab work and an appointment might be part of care coordination, but the specific subcode for dates is SchedulingAppt. \n\nSo the main pair here is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt. The span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" But the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Let's see: \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" are the parts about scheduling. However, the minimal span that captures both could be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe the entire phrase \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" is the span. Wait, but the instruction says to extract the minimal specific span. Alternatively, each date part could be separate, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause about scheduling both lab and appointment is the key. \n\nAlternatively, the key elements are the dates and the scheduling, so the minimal span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe even more minimal: \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" but since they are connected by 'and', perhaps the entire phrase is the span. \n\nAlternatively, the minimal span could be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\", but perhaps the exact dates are important. However, the subcode SchedulingAppt includes dates, so the dates are part of the evidence. \n\nTherefore, the span would be \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But maybe the minimal span is \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". \n\nAlternatively, the entire sentence's main point is the scheduling of both lab and appointment, so the entire sentence's relevant part is the scheduling info. \n\nSo the final code-subcode pair is InfoGive with SchedulingAppt, and the span is \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". \n\nWait, but the instruction says to extract minimal spans. Maybe each part can be split, but since they are in the same sentence, perhaps the entire clause is acceptable. Alternatively, the minimal span could be \"scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\", but since they are connected by 'and', maybe the entire phrase is the minimal span. \n\nAlternatively, the key is the scheduling of the lab and the appointment, so the minimal span would be \"lab work is scheduled\" and \"see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\". But perhaps the exact dates are necessary. \n\nAlternatively, the entire phrase \"lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY\" is the span. \n\nTherefore,"
] |
98 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Can I go before \"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoSeek", "Sub-code": "SchedulingAppt", "Span": "Can I go before "}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I need to have my Radium 223 infusion scheduled for MM/DD/YYYY?\n Current sentence: Also, should I take Dexamethasone the day before?\n Next sentence: Please advise.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"SharedDecisionPatient\", \"Sub-code\": \"SeekingApproval\", \"Span\": \"Also, should I take Dexamethasone the day before?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I am scheduled for my blood draw, appointment with Dr Person1, and chemo treatment MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Can I change this to MM/DD/YYYY or MM/DD/YYYY ?\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Can I change this to MM/DD/YYYY or MM/DD/YYYY ?\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\n Next sentence: Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"temperature": 0,
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[
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is asking a question, and I need to identify the appropriate codes and subcodes based on the given definitions. \n\nFirst, let me look at the input sentences. The previous sentence says, \"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" The current sentence is, \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The next sentence explains, \"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned.\"\n\nStarting with the current sentence: \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The patient is asking if they can move up their lab work or appointment with Dr. Person1 to an earlier date. The key here is that they're seeking to change the appointment date, which relates to scheduling.\n\nLooking at the codes, the most relevant one here is InfoSeek, which involves obtaining information about administrative matters like scheduling. The subcode under InfoSeek that fits is SchedulingAppt, as the sentence is directly asking about changing the date of an appointment. \n\nNow, checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence mentions the pharmacy's delivery time for meds, which might be related to why the patient is concerned about the timing. However, the current sentence itself is specifically about moving the appointment date, so the focus remains on scheduling.\n\nI should also check if there's any other code that might apply. For instance, PartnershipPatient or SharedDecisionPatient codes involve collaboration or decision-making. But in this case, the patient is simply asking to reschedule, not discussing treatment options or preferences. So those codes don't fit here.\n\nAnother check: The current sentence isn't about providing information (InfoGive), seeking drug info (Drugs under InfoSeek), or any SDOH factors. It's purely about scheduling. \n\nTherefore, the correct code is InfoSeek with the subcode SchedulingAppt. The span to extract is the entire current sentence since the request is about changing the appointment date. Wait, but the instructions say to extract the minimal span. Let me see. The core part is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The entire sentence is the minimal span here because the date is part of the request. \n\nNo other codes apply here. The next sentence talks about the pharmacy's delay, but that's context and not part of the current sentence's span. \n\nSo the final answer should be a JSON object with the code InfoSeek, subcode SchedulingAppt, and the span as the current sentence.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\"}]}"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is asking a question, and I need to identify the appropriate codes and subcodes based on the given definitions. \n\nFirst, let me look at the input sentences. The previous sentence says, \"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" The current sentence is, \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The next sentence explains, \"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned.\"\n\nStarting with the current sentence: \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The patient is asking if they can move up their lab work or appointment with Dr. Person1 to an earlier date. The key here is that they're seeking to change the appointment date, which relates to scheduling.\n\nLooking at the codes, the most relevant one here is InfoSeek, which involves obtaining information about administrative matters like scheduling. The subcode under InfoSeek that fits is SchedulingAppt, as the sentence is directly asking about changing the date of an appointment. \n\nNow, checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence mentions the pharmacy's delivery time for meds, which might be related to why the patient is concerned about the timing. However, the current sentence itself is specifically about moving the appointment date, so the focus remains on scheduling.\n\nI should also check if there's any other code that might apply. For instance, PartnershipPatient or SharedDecisionPatient codes involve collaboration or decision-making. But in this case, the patient is simply asking to reschedule, not discussing treatment options or preferences. So those codes don't fit here.\n\nAnother check: The current sentence isn't about providing information (InfoGive), seeking drug info (Drugs under InfoSeek), or any SDOH factors. It's purely about scheduling. \n\nTherefore, the correct code is InfoSeek with the subcode SchedulingAppt. The span to extract is the entire current sentence since the request is about changing the appointment date. Wait, but the instructions say to extract the minimal span. Let me see. The core part is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The entire sentence is the minimal span here because the date is part of the request. \n\nNo other codes apply here. The next sentence talks about the pharmacy's delay, but that's context and not part of the current sentence's span. \n\nSo the final answer should be a JSON object with the code InfoSeek, subcode SchedulingAppt, and the span as the current sentence.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\"}]}"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | 9b1b0c55a440d024042049f0305a47bb4c5a456c389916c0647b3e13b3a1cc8a | 680ff143b608aaa6755a51ad83028f16e119b4c552511500da190c2936336faa | ff3a9ea9655bc7cb396b060a8c66a112cf3f02f7ed126d01f49bf82f85348cc1 | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Can I go before \"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is asking a question, and I need to identify the appropriate codes and subcodes based on the given definitions. \n\nFirst, let me look at the input sentences. The previous sentence says, \"Currently my lab work is scheduled to be done on MM/DD/YYYY and I see Dr Person1 on MM/DD/YYYY.\" The current sentence is, \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The next sentence explains, \"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned.\"\n\nStarting with the current sentence: \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The patient is asking if they can move up their lab work or appointment with Dr. Person1 to an earlier date. The key here is that they're seeking to change the appointment date, which relates to scheduling.\n\nLooking at the codes, the most relevant one here is InfoSeek, which involves obtaining information about administrative matters like scheduling. The subcode under InfoSeek that fits is SchedulingAppt, as the sentence is directly asking about changing the date of an appointment. \n\nNow, checking the next sentence for context. The next sentence mentions the pharmacy's delivery time for meds, which might be related to why the patient is concerned about the timing. However, the current sentence itself is specifically about moving the appointment date, so the focus remains on scheduling.\n\nI should also check if there's any other code that might apply. For instance, PartnershipPatient or SharedDecisionPatient codes involve collaboration or decision-making. But in this case, the patient is simply asking to reschedule, not discussing treatment options or preferences. So those codes don't fit here.\n\nAnother check: The current sentence isn't about providing information (InfoGive), seeking drug info (Drugs under InfoSeek), or any SDOH factors. It's purely about scheduling. \n\nTherefore, the correct code is InfoSeek with the subcode SchedulingAppt. The span to extract is the entire current sentence since the request is about changing the appointment date. Wait, but the instructions say to extract the minimal span. Let me see. The core part is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The entire sentence is the minimal span here because the date is part of the request. \n\nNo other codes apply here. The next sentence talks about the pharmacy's delay, but that's context and not part of the current sentence's span. \n\nSo the final answer should be a JSON object with the code InfoSeek, subcode SchedulingAppt, and the span as the current sentence.\n</think>\n\n{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoSeek\", \"Sub-code\": \"SchedulingAppt\", \"Span\": \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\"}]}"
] |
99 | {
"query": "## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:",
"answer": "{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds\"}, {\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"ExpressConcern/unease\", \"Span\": \"that's why I was concerned\"}]}"
} | {"results": [{"Code": "InfoGive", "Sub-code": "Drugs", "Span": "Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds"}, {"Code": "Socioemotional/Empathy", "Sub-code": "ExpressConcern/unease", "Span": "that's why I was concerned"}]} | {
"gen_args_0": {
"arg_0": "<|im_start|>user\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Provider said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Hello Person1, Script will be sent over to the pharmacy tomorrow.\n Current sentence: Thank You Person2\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"PartnershipProvider\", \"Sub-code\": \"signoff\", \"Span\": \"Thank You\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: I spoke with Person3 yesterday and she said to let you know today how it was going.\n Current sentence: It was just under 20 ml in the past 24 hour and 18 ml, the previous 24 hours.\n Next sentence: So I am hoping to come in today to have it out and also hoping to combine my 2 week post op visit with Dr Lynch at the same time.\n\nOUTPUT: {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Symptoms\", \"Span\": \"It was just under 20 ml in the past 24 hour and 18 ml, the previous 24 hours\"}]}\n\n## Instruction: You are a patient-centered communication analyst tasked with identifying and classifying how patients and clinicians incorporate patient-centered communication (PCC) elements in secure messaging. Your goal is to extract multiple Code-Sub-code pairs from the current sentence and identify specific spans corresponding to each pair. This task requires careful, step-by-step reasoning to ensure accurate multi-label classification, with additional consideration of contextual information from surrounding sentences.\n\n## Follow these steps systematically and step-by-step Instructions:\n1. Understand the Input Sentence:\n1.1 Analyze the Previous sentence, Current sentence, and Next sentence together to establish the full context.\n1.2 Note:\n1.2.1 If the Previous sentence is None, the Current sentence is the opening sentence.\n1.2.2 If the Next sentence is None, the Current sentence is the closing sentence.\n1.3 Carefully read and analyze every word in the Current sentence to determine its context and identify all relevant communication elements.\n2. Identify Relevant Codes:\n2.1 Match parts of the Current sentence to one or more Codes based on the intent and content described in the definitions below.\n2.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence to validate or refine your understanding of the Current sentence.\n2.3 Acknowledge that a sentence may involve multiple Codes.\n3. Determine Sub-codes for Each Code:\n3.1 For each identified Code, assign the appropriate Sub-code(s) that further specify the meaning.\n3.2 Use definitions of Sub-codes to ensure accuracy and consistency.\n3.3 Incorporate contextual cues from the Previous sentence and Next sentence to confirm or adjust Sub-code selection. Certain Sub-codes, such as \"salutation\" and \"connection,\" can be particularly confusing due to their similar meanings. However, the key distinction lies in sentence positioning: \"salutation\" refers to greeting someone or marking the start of a message, which means the Current sentence should typically serve as either the opening or closing sentence. Therefore, to annotate a span as the \"salutation\" Sub-code type, it should be evaluated through three steps: First, check whether the current sentence is the opening or closing sentence, as outlined in Section 1.2. Second, determine whether the span is at the beginning or end of the Current sentence. Finally, assess whether the span represents a greeting or an expression of gratitude.\n3.4 Important: Ensure that the Sub-code you select belongs to the Sub-code list under the identified Code. If it doesn't, reconsider whether the Code or Sub-code selection is correct.\n4. Pair Codes with Sub-codes:\n4.1 Form unique Code-Sub-code pairs for the Current sentence. These pairs should fully describe the meaning of the Current sentence.\n4.2 If multiple Codes exist in the same Current sentence, their Sub-codes will differ.\n5. Highlight Evidence for Each Pair:\n5.1 Extract minimal, specific spans of text from the Current sentence that support each identified Code-Sub-code pair.\n5.2 Use the Previous sentence and Next sentence only for context, not for span extraction.\n5.3 Note: The extracted minimum span should be a core phrase in the Current sentence instead of the entire sentence.\n\nThe following content provides definitions for Codes and Sub-Codes.\n## Code and Definitions:\n1. Code: InfoGiveSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of sharing knowledge about the social, economic, and environmental factors that significantly influence an individual’s health and well-being. These include economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context.\nSub-Codes:\n * NeighborhoodAndBuiltEnvironment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the physical and social surroundings in which people live. Key aspects include housing quality and stability,such as as safe and affordable housing, access to reliable transportation, walkable areas, the safety of a neighborhood, availability of healthy food and environmental factors like clean air, water, and green spaces and proximity to healthcare services.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n * EconomicStability:\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n\n2. Code: InfoGive\nCode's definition: InfoGive is the process of providing clear, relevant, and actionable guidance, directions, or knowledge to assist patient or doctor in understanding or addressing a specific need or situation. This may involve information related to how to take medications, clarifying symptoms to help with diagnosis, explaining the prognosis of a disease, or outlining insurance coverage for treatments. It also includes care coordination, such as scheduling appointments or following post-procedure instructions, and sharing general information like hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Instruction\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Means providing guidance, directions, or information to help patients, caregivers, or healthcare staff to ensure proper understanding and execution of medical or administrative actions.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n * Prognosis\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Diagnostics refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such s MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n\n3. Code: InfoSeek\nCode's definition: Involves obtaining knowledge about a particular event, medical condition, treatment option, or administrative matter. This may include understanding a patient's diagnosis, clarifying insurance coverage, confirming appointment schedules, or seeking guidance on hospital policies.\nSub-Codes:\n * SchedulingAppt\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the Dates, times, and other information related to seeing a provider, in person or virtually.\n * Drugs\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to substances that are used to diagnose, treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. These can include prescription medications, vitamins, over-the-counter drugs.\n * Generalinformation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to knowledge that is not directly related to patient care or medical treatment but still serves an essential role in the healthcare system. This can include administrative, logistical, or policy-related information that patients, healthcare providers, or administrators might seek.\n * Diagnostics\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the process of identifying a disease or medical condition based on a patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, imaging and scanning such as MRI or CT-scan, and results from tests or procedures.\n * Symptoms\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Subjective experiences or sensations reported by a patient that indicate the presence of a disease or health condition. They are the physical or mental manifestations of an illness that the patient perceives, such as pain, fatigue, dizziness, or nausea.\n * carecoordination\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the deliberate organization and integration of healthcare services to meet a patient’s needs effectively and efficiently. It involves ensuring that all the healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care communicate and collaborate to deliver timely, appropriate, and high-quality services.\n\n4. Code: InfoSeekSDOH\nCode's definition: Refers to the process of seeking and requesting information about the social, economic, and environmental factors influencing their health. These include seeking knowledge about employment opportunities, educational resources, healthcare services, housing stability, and community support systems.\nSub-Codes:\n * EconomicStability\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to having a steady source of income and access to essential resources needed for a healthy and secure life. This includes being able to afford basic needs such as food, housing and income. It helps individuals feel secure and reduces stress, allowing them to focus on personal growth and well-being. More specifically, it focuses on Employment Status, Socioeconomic Status (SES), Socioeconomic Factors, Housing Instability, Income, Financial Insecurity, Work-related Challenges, and Housing Insecurity.\n * HealthCareAccessAndQuality\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the ability to obtain necessary health services and the effectiveness and standard of care patients receive. More specifically, it focuses on Substance Use/Abuse, Lifestyle, Diet, Physical Activity, Insurance, Health Access, and Sleep.\n\n5. Code: PartnershipPatient\nCode's definition: Involves establishing and strengthening the alliance between patients and healthcare providers through active participation, open communication, and mutual respect. This collaboration is built by patients expressing their opinions about care, stating their values and preferences, and making informed decisions about their treatment. Active involvement encourages patients to take a proactive role in managing their health while fostering a deeper connection with providers. By maintaining this partnership, trust is cultivated, as patients feel heard, respected, and assured that their healthcare providers are working in their best interest.\nSub-Codes:\n * activeParticipation/involvement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Active participation and involvement in healthcare refer to the engagement of patients in their own care. This concept emphasizes the importance of patients being active partners rather than passive recipients of healthcare services. Patient is active in providing information to aid diagnosis and problem solving, priorities for treatment or management, asking questions and/or contributing to the identification of management approaches.\n * statePreferences\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient's individual values, desires, and priorities regarding their healthcare. These preferences can include aspects such as treatment options, care goals, lifestyle considerations, and the type of involvement they want in their plan of care.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthenting the relationship among between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Salutation refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greeting the provider by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the provider's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * expressOpinions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to patients actively sharing their thoughts and concerns about their care and treatment. Patients can give feedback on their experiences with healthcare services, including what they found helpful or what could be improved.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It means fostering a sense of confidence and reliability, where the patient feels assured that their provider is acting in their best interest. This involves the patient believing that the provider is honest, competent, and committed to their well-being while respecting their confidentiality.\n\n6. Code: PartnershipProvider\nCode's definition: It refers to fostering a collaborative and equitable relationship between healthcare providers and patients. It involves equalizing the status between them, ensuring that patients feel valued and empowered in the decision-making process. This partnership is built by inviting patients to collaborate in their care, actively seeking their opinions, confirming their understanding of information, acknowledging the expertise they have gained through personal experiences, and maintaining open, respectful communication.\nSub-Codes:\n * inviteCollaboration\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Inviting patients to participate in decisions related to their condition (through informed consent, therapy plan or self-management) and contribute to provider learning through their expert knowledge acquired during patient's illness and hospitalization.\n * maintainCommunication\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves keeping the patient informed and engaged throughout their care process. It involves clearly communicating that more details or updates will be provided at a later time, ensuring the patient is aware of what to expect.\n * connection\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Information that is not directly related to the medical issue being discussed, strengthening the relationship between the patient and provider.\n * salutation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to the act of greeting someone or acknowledging the start of a message. Greet the patient by using their name or professional title.\n * Appreciation/Gratitude\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Involves appreciation and gratitude that are expressed when patients acknowledge the care and support they receive. It also includes expressions of how much they value the patient's efforts and responses to their concerns.\n * signoff\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicating that the message is complete. A way of ending the message in a polite manner.\n * Alignment\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirmation or seeking confirmation that the patient and provider are \"on the same page\" and thinking about an issue in the same manner.\n * checkingUnderstanding/clarification\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Confirming that the patient fully grasps the information being communicated, ensuring that they comprehend key concepts related to their condition, treatment options, or care plan. This involves actively engaging with the patient to assess their understanding, addressing any questions or uncertainties, and ensuring alignment between the provider's message and the patient’s perspective.\n * build trust\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Trust fosters a positive relationship, enhances patient satisfaction, and leads to better health outcomes. Trust is built when patients feel heard, respected, and confident that their provider has their best interests at heart. Providers can demonstrate trust by following through on their promises to the patients, respect their time, explaining diagnosis and treatment honestly and making sure patients can reach out with concerns and know how to access care when necessary.\n\n7. Code: SharedDecisionPatient\nCode's definition: Patients actively engage in exploring various treatment options, asking questions. Once fully informed, the patient gives approval of the decision, ensuring it aligns with their values and goals while being confident in the chosen path forward.\nSub-Codes:\n * ApprovalofDecision/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Affirmation of a choice or decision. The patient agrees with the chosen plan or decision after understanding the available options and their implications.\n * ExploreOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Indicators that a patient is interested in learning more about all options include asking detailed questions, expressing curiosity about alternatives, seeking clarification on treatment options, engaging in discussions about how options align with personal goals, and requesting additional resources to gather more information.\n * SeekingApproval\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Patient asks and/or seeks permission from the provider.\n\n8. Code: SharedDecisionProvider\nCode's definition: Statements or questions that express an opportunity for a two-way exchange of information toward a decision about treatment options, evaluation of a decision, or alternative decisions including: exploring options, summarizing and confirming understanding, mutual agreement and making a decision together, encouraging questions, and showing approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * Approval/Reinforcement\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reinforcing a made decision via expression of positive reinforcement or validation of the patient's involvement in the decision-making process.\n * EncourageQuestions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Prompts to ask additional questions or seek more information.\n * SummarizeConfirmUnderstanding\n ** Sub-Code's definition: The provider or decision-maker recaps the key points of the discussion in concise, clear language. This includes summarizing the options, risks, benefits, and any other important details that were shared. It may also involve highlighting the patient's values, concerns that were expressed. After summarizing, the provider checks with the patient or participant to ensure they understood the information accurately.\n * ShareOptions\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It involves identifying, presenting, and discussing the possible options available for a particular decision or problem. It includes outlining all viable alternatives, including their risks, benefits, and potential outcomes.\n * MakeDecision\n ** Sub-Code's definition: It refers to the collaborative process where both the provider and the patient jointly choose a course of action moving forward after considering all available options, risks, benefits, and personal preferences.\n\n9. Code: Socioemotional/Empathy\nCode's definition: It involves recognizing and responding to emotional cues such as unease, sadness, appreciation, gratitude, reward, and approval. It requires understanding and validating the patient's feelings, providing reassurance, acknowledging errors transparently, and offering positive reinforcement, reward and approval.\nSub-Codes:\n * AcknowledgeSituation\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Refers to a provider's and patient's willingness to recognize, take responsibility for, and address mistakes/difficult/unfortunate situations that occur in care. It is concerned with clear, compassionate, and honest language among both parties to mitigate misunderstandings. It also includes expressions of politeness to soften communication to show sensitivity and sympathy.\n * ExpressConcern/unease\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expressions of concern, worry, nervousness. It involves expressing their anxiety by voicing fears, asking repeated questions, or expressing doubts about their treatment.\n * Reassurance\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Encouragement or attempt to ease concern or sadness. It involves providing comfort and confidence to patients who may be feeling anxious or uncertain. It includes affirming that their concerns are being taken seriously, explaining procedures or treatments clearly, and ensuring them that they are receiving appropriate care.\n * Sadness/fear\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Expression of sadness, fear, dread, anxiety. Sadness can arise from receiving a difficult diagnosis, dealing with chronic illness, or experiencing loss.\n * PositiveRemarks\n ** Sub-Code's definition: Reward refers to the positive reinforcement or recognition given to patients for their efforts or achievements related to their health. This can include messages that acknowledge a patient's progress, adherence to treatment plans, or healthy behaviors\n\nEnsure your reasoning is step-by-step to capture all relevant Code-Sub-code pairs and their corresponding spans accurately. Remember, the Sub-code must belong to the list of Sub-codes under the identified Code. If a Sub-code does not match the Code, revisit your Code and Sub-code selection to correct any inconsistencies.\nPlease output your final result without any explanation and reasoning, you must output the JSON format like {\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_1\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_1\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_1\"},...,{\"Code\": \"<Identified Code>_n\", \"Sub-code\": \"<Identified Sub-code>_n\", \"Span\": \"<Extracted span>_n\"}]}\n\n\nINPUT: Patient said the following sentences:\n Previous sentence: Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\n Current sentence: Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned\n Next sentence: None\n\nOUTPUT:<|im_end|>\n<|im_start|>assistant\n<think>\n",
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"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is saying some sentences, and we need to analyze the current sentence to identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. \n\nFirst, let me read the input carefully. The patient's previous sentence is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The current sentence is \"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned,\" and the next sentence is none. \n\nStarting with step 1: Understand the input sentence. I need to look at the previous, current, and next sentences together. Since the next sentence is none, the current is the closing sentence. \n\nThe current sentence mentions that the pharmacy usually takes until a specific date to call about medication delivery, which is why the patient was concerned. The patient is explaining their concern related to medication delivery timing. \n\nMoving to step 2: Identify relevant codes. The current sentence is about the patient seeking information or expressing a concern related to medication delivery. Let's check the codes. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about obtaining knowledge about medical conditions, treatments, or administrative matters. The patient here is explaining their concern about the pharmacy's timeline for delivering meds. The mention of \"meds\" points to drugs. The sub-code under InfoSeek for drugs would be appropriate here. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under InfoGive? InfoGive is providing information. The patient is giving information about the pharmacy's usual timeline, but the context is that they were concerned, so maybe they are seeking reassurance or clarification. Wait, the previous sentence was a question (\"Can I go before...\"), so the current sentence is explaining why they were concerned. \n\nThe current sentence is part of the patient's explanation of their concern, so it's part of seeking information. The key here is that the patient is providing information to explain their concern, which might be part of seeking further clarification or action. \n\nAlternatively, maybe this is under PartnershipPatient, like expressing concern. Let me check the sub-codes for Socioemotional/Empathy. The patient is expressing concern, so maybe \"ExpressConcern/unease\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nWait, let's go through each code systematically. \n\nFirst, check if it's InfoSeek. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process regarding medication delivery. The main point is the delay in the pharmacy's call, leading to concern. The patient might be seeking confirmation or reassurance about their medication delivery, which would fall under InfoSeek. The sub-code here would be \"Drugs\" under InfoSeek, since it's about medications. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of the pharmacy's timeline could relate to care coordination, but looking at the sub-codes for InfoSeek, there's \"carecoordination\" as a sub-code. However, the sentence is more about the delay in receiving meds, so \"Drugs\" seems better. \n\nAlso, the patient is expressing concern, so maybe there's a Socioemotional/Empathy code here. The sub-code \"ExpressConcern/unease\" would fit because they're stating their worry about the delay. \n\nSo now I need to check if both codes can apply here. \n\nThe sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's usual timeline (InfoGive?) but the context is the patient's concern, so maybe it's more about seeking information or expressing emotion. \n\nWait, the current sentence is the patient explaining why they were concerned. The previous sentence was a question about going before a date, so the patient is giving a reason for their concern. \n\nSo, the current sentence is part of the patient's explanation, which could be under InfoGive (providing information about the pharmacy's process) but the intent is to explain their concern, so maybe it's under PartnershipPatient's \"expressOpinions\" or \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because they're sharing their experience and concern. \n\nAlternatively, since they are explaining the reason for their concern, it might be under Socioemotional/Empathy's \"ExpressConcern/unease\". \n\nLet me check the definitions again. \n\nFor InfoSeek: seeking knowledge about a treatment option or administrative matter. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process, which is an administrative matter. So \"InfoSeek\" with sub-code \"Drugs\" (since meds are involved) or \"Generalinformation\" if it's about the pharmacy's procedures. \n\nWait, \"Drugs\" sub-code under InfoSeek is for seeking information about medications. The patient is talking about the delivery of meds, so that's directly related to drugs. \n\nAdditionally, the patient is expressing concern, so \"ExpressConcern/unease\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nTherefore, two possible codes here: InfoSeek (Drugs) and Socioemotional/Empathy (ExpressConcern/unease). \n\nNow, checking the sub-codes again. \n\n"
]
] | [
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is saying some sentences, and we need to analyze the current sentence to identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. \n\nFirst, let me read the input carefully. The patient's previous sentence is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The current sentence is \"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned,\" and the next sentence is none. \n\nStarting with step 1: Understand the input sentence. I need to look at the previous, current, and next sentences together. Since the next sentence is none, the current is the closing sentence. \n\nThe current sentence mentions that the pharmacy usually takes until a specific date to call about medication delivery, which is why the patient was concerned. The patient is explaining their concern related to medication delivery timing. \n\nMoving to step 2: Identify relevant codes. The current sentence is about the patient seeking information or expressing a concern related to medication delivery. Let's check the codes. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about obtaining knowledge about medical conditions, treatments, or administrative matters. The patient here is explaining their concern about the pharmacy's timeline for delivering meds. The mention of \"meds\" points to drugs. The sub-code under InfoSeek for drugs would be appropriate here. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under InfoGive? InfoGive is providing information. The patient is giving information about the pharmacy's usual timeline, but the context is that they were concerned, so maybe they are seeking reassurance or clarification. Wait, the previous sentence was a question (\"Can I go before...\"), so the current sentence is explaining why they were concerned. \n\nThe current sentence is part of the patient's explanation of their concern, so it's part of seeking information. The key here is that the patient is providing information to explain their concern, which might be part of seeking further clarification or action. \n\nAlternatively, maybe this is under PartnershipPatient, like expressing concern. Let me check the sub-codes for Socioemotional/Empathy. The patient is expressing concern, so maybe \"ExpressConcern/unease\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nWait, let's go through each code systematically. \n\nFirst, check if it's InfoSeek. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process regarding medication delivery. The main point is the delay in the pharmacy's call, leading to concern. The patient might be seeking confirmation or reassurance about their medication delivery, which would fall under InfoSeek. The sub-code here would be \"Drugs\" under InfoSeek, since it's about medications. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of the pharmacy's timeline could relate to care coordination, but looking at the sub-codes for InfoSeek, there's \"carecoordination\" as a sub-code. However, the sentence is more about the delay in receiving meds, so \"Drugs\" seems better. \n\nAlso, the patient is expressing concern, so maybe there's a Socioemotional/Empathy code here. The sub-code \"ExpressConcern/unease\" would fit because they're stating their worry about the delay. \n\nSo now I need to check if both codes can apply here. \n\nThe sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's usual timeline (InfoGive?) but the context is the patient's concern, so maybe it's more about seeking information or expressing emotion. \n\nWait, the current sentence is the patient explaining why they were concerned. The previous sentence was a question about going before a date, so the patient is giving a reason for their concern. \n\nSo, the current sentence is part of the patient's explanation, which could be under InfoGive (providing information about the pharmacy's process) but the intent is to explain their concern, so maybe it's under PartnershipPatient's \"expressOpinions\" or \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because they're sharing their experience and concern. \n\nAlternatively, since they are explaining the reason for their concern, it might be under Socioemotional/Empathy's \"ExpressConcern/unease\". \n\nLet me check the definitions again. \n\nFor InfoSeek: seeking knowledge about a treatment option or administrative matter. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process, which is an administrative matter. So \"InfoSeek\" with sub-code \"Drugs\" (since meds are involved) or \"Generalinformation\" if it's about the pharmacy's procedures. \n\nWait, \"Drugs\" sub-code under InfoSeek is for seeking information about medications. The patient is talking about the delivery of meds, so that's directly related to drugs. \n\nAdditionally, the patient is expressing concern, so \"ExpressConcern/unease\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nTherefore, two possible codes here: InfoSeek (Drugs) and Socioemotional/Empathy (ExpressConcern/unease). \n\nNow, checking the sub-codes again. \n\n"
] | none | [
"evaluate_eppc"
] | aa1360c8159890dde2e3318777cf6fabb502a616b770afaf68601d1a8905d67c | 29376a640f330dc1289353e9b409db36dcb59b5f4dd44a328bde255f69390d81 | 35a581a1c12a8562decfb89d26661a05695aaf39cabdbf9da3b6328ab074101f | [
"{\"results\": [{\"Code\": \"InfoGive\", \"Sub-code\": \"Drugs\", \"Span\": \"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds\"}, {\"Code\": \"Socioemotional/Empathy\", \"Sub-code\": \"ExpressConcern/unease\", \"Span\": \"that's why I was concerned\"}]}",
"Okay, let's tackle this problem step by step. The user provided an input where the patient is saying some sentences, and we need to analyze the current sentence to identify the relevant codes and sub-codes based on the given definitions. \n\nFirst, let me read the input carefully. The patient's previous sentence is \"Can I go before MM/DD/YYYY.\" The current sentence is \"Usually it takes the pharmacy MM/DD/YYYY to call me regarding delivery of my meds that's why I was concerned,\" and the next sentence is none. \n\nStarting with step 1: Understand the input sentence. I need to look at the previous, current, and next sentences together. Since the next sentence is none, the current is the closing sentence. \n\nThe current sentence mentions that the pharmacy usually takes until a specific date to call about medication delivery, which is why the patient was concerned. The patient is explaining their concern related to medication delivery timing. \n\nMoving to step 2: Identify relevant codes. The current sentence is about the patient seeking information or expressing a concern related to medication delivery. Let's check the codes. \n\nLooking at the codes, InfoSeek is about obtaining knowledge about medical conditions, treatments, or administrative matters. The patient here is explaining their concern about the pharmacy's timeline for delivering meds. The mention of \"meds\" points to drugs. The sub-code under InfoSeek for drugs would be appropriate here. \n\nAlternatively, could this be under InfoGive? InfoGive is providing information. The patient is giving information about the pharmacy's usual timeline, but the context is that they were concerned, so maybe they are seeking reassurance or clarification. Wait, the previous sentence was a question (\"Can I go before...\"), so the current sentence is explaining why they were concerned. \n\nThe current sentence is part of the patient's explanation of their concern, so it's part of seeking information. The key here is that the patient is providing information to explain their concern, which might be part of seeking further clarification or action. \n\nAlternatively, maybe this is under PartnershipPatient, like expressing concern. Let me check the sub-codes for Socioemotional/Empathy. The patient is expressing concern, so maybe \"ExpressConcern/unease\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nWait, let's go through each code systematically. \n\nFirst, check if it's InfoSeek. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process regarding medication delivery. The main point is the delay in the pharmacy's call, leading to concern. The patient might be seeking confirmation or reassurance about their medication delivery, which would fall under InfoSeek. The sub-code here would be \"Drugs\" under InfoSeek, since it's about medications. \n\nAlternatively, the mention of the pharmacy's timeline could relate to care coordination, but looking at the sub-codes for InfoSeek, there's \"carecoordination\" as a sub-code. However, the sentence is more about the delay in receiving meds, so \"Drugs\" seems better. \n\nAlso, the patient is expressing concern, so maybe there's a Socioemotional/Empathy code here. The sub-code \"ExpressConcern/unease\" would fit because they're stating their worry about the delay. \n\nSo now I need to check if both codes can apply here. \n\nThe sentence is providing information about the pharmacy's usual timeline (InfoGive?) but the context is the patient's concern, so maybe it's more about seeking information or expressing emotion. \n\nWait, the current sentence is the patient explaining why they were concerned. The previous sentence was a question about going before a date, so the patient is giving a reason for their concern. \n\nSo, the current sentence is part of the patient's explanation, which could be under InfoGive (providing information about the pharmacy's process) but the intent is to explain their concern, so maybe it's under PartnershipPatient's \"expressOpinions\" or \"activeParticipation/involvement\" because they're sharing their experience and concern. \n\nAlternatively, since they are explaining the reason for their concern, it might be under Socioemotional/Empathy's \"ExpressConcern/unease\". \n\nLet me check the definitions again. \n\nFor InfoSeek: seeking knowledge about a treatment option or administrative matter. The patient is talking about the pharmacy's process, which is an administrative matter. So \"InfoSeek\" with sub-code \"Drugs\" (since meds are involved) or \"Generalinformation\" if it's about the pharmacy's procedures. \n\nWait, \"Drugs\" sub-code under InfoSeek is for seeking information about medications. The patient is talking about the delivery of meds, so that's directly related to drugs. \n\nAdditionally, the patient is expressing concern, so \"ExpressConcern/unease\" under Socioemotional/Empathy. \n\nTherefore, two possible codes here: InfoSeek (Drugs) and Socioemotional/Empathy (ExpressConcern/unease). \n\nNow, checking the sub-codes again. \n\n"
] |
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